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Concatenation",
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@inproceedings{bb369231,
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handwritten text",
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@article{bb369233,
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words using hidden Markov models",
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@inproceedings{bb369234,
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Handwritten Arabic Words",
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@article{bb369235,
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@inproceedings{bb369236,
        AUTHOR = "Doetsch, P. and Hamdani, M. and Ney, H. and Gimenez, A. and Andres Ferrer, J. and Juan, A.",
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@article{bb369237,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Andres Ferrer, J. and Juan, A.",
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@inproceedings{bb369238,
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        TITLE = "Bernoulli HMMs at Subword Level for Handwritten Word Recognition",
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@article{bb369239,
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        JOURNAL = PRL,
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        NUMBER = "1",
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@inproceedings{bb369240,
        AUTHOR = "Khoury, I. and Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Printed Word Recognition Using Windowed Bernoulli HMMs",
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@inproceedings{bb369241,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Khoury, I. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Windowed Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition",
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@inproceedings{bb369242,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Embedded Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Handwritten Word Recognition",
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@inproceedings{bb369243,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Embedded Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Continuous Handwritten Text
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@article{bb369244,
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@article{bb369249,
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@inproceedings{bb369252,
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@article{bb369253,
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        TITLE = "Structural feature-based evaluation method of binarization techniques
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@article{bb369254,
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@article{bb369255,
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@inproceedings{bb369256,
        AUTHOR = "Dounia, R. and Yasssine, K. and Noureddine, E.N.",
        TITLE = "Exploring text representation impact on K-means based arabic text
documents clustering",
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@inproceedings{bb369257,
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        TITLE = "Is Arabic text categorization a solved task?",
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        YEAR = "2022",
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@article{bb369258,
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A Novel Feature for Word Spotting in Arabic Documents",
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        NUMBER = "4",
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@article{bb369259,
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        TITLE = "A New Method for Arabic Text Detection in Natural Scene Images",
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@inproceedings{bb369260,
        AUTHOR = "Elmansouri, M. and Makhfi, N.E. and Aghoutane, B.",
        TITLE = "Toward Classification of Arabic Manuscripts Words Based on the Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks",
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        YEAR = "2020",
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@inproceedings{bb369261,
        AUTHOR = "Belay, B. and Habtegebrial, T. and Liwicki, M. and Belay, G. and Stricker, D.",
        TITLE = "Factored Convolutional Neural Network for Amharic Character Image
Recognition",
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@inproceedings{bb369262,
        AUTHOR = "Rouhou, A.C. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid HMM/DNN System for Arabic Handwriting Keyword Spotting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "I:216-227",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363378"}

@inproceedings{bb369263,
        AUTHOR = "Rouhou, A.C. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM Based Keyword Spotting System in Printed/Handwritten Arabic/Latin
Documents with Identification Stage",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "I:309-320",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363379"}

@inproceedings{bb369264,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M. and Nurnberger, A.",
        TITLE = "Automatic recognition of common Arabic handwritten words based on OCR
and N-GRAMS",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP17,
        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "3625-3629",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363380"}

@article{bb369265,
        AUTHOR = "Al Nuzaili, Q.A. and Hashim, S.Z.M. and Saeed, F. and Khalil, M.S. and Mohamad, D.B.",
        TITLE = "Pixel distribution-based features for offline Arabic handwritten word
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "7",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "1/2",
        PAGES = "99-122",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363381"}

@inproceedings{bb369266,
        AUTHOR = "El Moubtahij, H. and Halli, A. and Satori, K.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Words Using HMM Toolkit
(HTK)",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "167-171",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363382"}

@inproceedings{bb369267,
        AUTHOR = "Lamtougui, H. and El Moubtahij, H. and Fouadi, H. and Yahyaouy, A. and Satori, K.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Deep Learning:
Comparative Study",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV20,
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "1-8",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363383"}

@inproceedings{bb369268,
        AUTHOR = "Maalej, R. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Words with Dropout Applied in MDLSTM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "746-752",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363384"}

@inproceedings{bb369269,
        AUTHOR = "Gaddour, H. and Kanoun, S. and Vincent, N.",
        TITLE = "A New Method for Arabic Text Detection in Natural Scene Image Based on
the Color Homogeneity",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "127-136",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363385"}

@inproceedings{bb369270,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Allagui, I.",
        TITLE = "Planar Markovian approach for the recognition of a wide vocabulary of
Arabic decomposable words",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1031-1035",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363386"}

@inproceedings{bb369271,
        AUTHOR = "BenZeghiba, M.F. and Louradour, J. and Kermorvant, C.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid word/Part-of-Arabic-Word Language Models for arabic text
document recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "671-675",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363387"}

@inproceedings{bb369272,
        AUTHOR = "Zirari, F. and Ennaji, A. and Mammass, D. and Nicolas, S.",
        TITLE = "Spot Words in Printed Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "289-296",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363388"}

@inproceedings{bb369273,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Word Image Retrieval Using Earth Movers Distance Embedded
to Wavelets Coefficients Domain",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "314-318",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363389"}

@inproceedings{bb369274,
        AUTHOR = "Krayem, A. and Sherkat, N. and Evett, L. and Osman, T.",
        TITLE = "Holistic Arabic Whole Word Recognition Using HMM and Block-Based DCT",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1120-1124",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363390"}

@inproceedings{bb369275,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Ziadi, F.",
        TITLE = "HMM Based Model for Arabic Word Conjugation Recognition and Word
Reconstitution from Morphological Concepts",
        BOOKTITLE = IbPRIA13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "450-459",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363391"}

@inproceedings{bb369276,
        AUTHOR = "Jiang, Z.W. and Ding, X.Q. and Peng, L.R. and Liu, C.S.",
        TITLE = "Analyzing the information entropy of states to optimize the number of
states in an HMM-based off-line handwritten Arabic word recognizer",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "697-700",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363392"}

@inproceedings{bb369277,
        AUTHOR = "Kchaou, M.G. and Kanoun, S. and Ogier, J.M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation and Word Spotting Methods for Printed and Handwritten
Arabic Texts: A Comparative Study",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "274-279",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363393"}

@inproceedings{bb369278,
        AUTHOR = "Nemouchi, S. and Meslati, L.S. and Farah, N.",
        TITLE = "Classifiers Combination for Arabic Words Recognition:
Application to Handwritten Algerian City Names",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "562-570",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363394"}

@inproceedings{bb369279,
        AUTHOR = "Fathalla, R. and El Sonbaty, Y. and Ismail, M.",
        TITLE = "Extraction of Arabic Words from Complex Color Image",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1223-1227",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363395"}

@inproceedings{bb369280,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "Comparison of Different Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Methods
for Offline Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Words",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "974-978",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363396"}

@inproceedings{bb369281,
        AUTHOR = "Nadir, F. and Abdelatif, E. and Tarek, K. and Mokhtar, S.",
        TITLE = "Benefit of multiclassifier systems for Arabic handwritten words
recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 222-226",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT363397"}

@article{bb369282,
        AUTHOR = "Parhami, B. and Taraghi, M.",
        TITLE = "Automatic Recognition of Printed Farsi Texts",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "1981",
        NUMBER = "1-6",
        PAGES = "395-403",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363398"}

@article{bb369283,
        AUTHOR = "Dehghan, M. and Faez, K. and Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "Unconstrained Farsi handwritten word recognition using fuzzy vector
quantization and hidden Markov models",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "209-214",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363399"}

@inproceedings{bb369284,
        AUTHOR = "Dehghan, M. and Faez, K. and Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "Off-line Unconstrained Farsi Handwritten Word Recognition Using Fuzzy
Vector Quantization and Hidden Markov Word Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol II: 351-354",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363400"}

@article{bb369285,
        AUTHOR = "Soltanzadeh, H. and Rahmati, M.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Persian handwritten digits using image profiles of
multiple orientations",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2004",
        NUMBER = "14",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1569-1576",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363401"}

@article{bb369286,
        AUTHOR = "Dehghan, M. and Faez, K. and Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Farsi (Arabic) Word Recognition:
A Holistic Approach Using Discrete HMM",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "1057-1065",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363402"}

@inproceedings{bb369287,
        AUTHOR = "Belkasim, S.O. and Shridhar, M. and Ahmadi, M.",
        TITLE = "Shape contour recognition using moment invariants",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR90,
        YEAR = "1990",
        PAGES = "I: 649-651",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363403"}

@article{bb369288,
        AUTHOR = "Broumandnia, A. and Shanbehzadeh, J.",
        TITLE = "Fast Zernike wavelet moments for Farsi character recognition",
        JOURNAL = IVC,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "717-726",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363404"}

@article{bb369289,
        AUTHOR = "Broumandnia, A. and Shanbehzadeh, J. and Rezakhah Varnoosfaderani, M.",
        TITLE = "Persian/arabic handwritten word recognition using M-band packet wavelet
transform",
        JOURNAL = IVC,
        VOLUME = "26",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "829-842",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363405"}

@article{bb369290,
        AUTHOR = "Khosravi, H. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "Introducing a very large dataset of handwritten Farsi digits and a
study on their varieties",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1133-1141",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363406"}

@article{bb369291,
        AUTHOR = "Ebrahimi, A. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "A pictorial dictionary for printed Farsi subwords",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "656-663",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363407"}

@article{bb369292,
        AUTHOR = "Khosravi, H. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "A blackboard approach towards integrated Farsi OCR system",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "12",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363408"}

@article{bb369293,
        AUTHOR = "Kabir, E. and Khosravi, H.",
        TITLE = "A blackboard approach towards integrated Farsi OCR system",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "12",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363408"}

@article{bb369294,
        AUTHOR = "Khosravi, H. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "Farsi font recognition based on Sobel-Roberts features",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "75-82",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363409"}

@article{bb369295,
        AUTHOR = "Helli, B. and Moghadam, M.E.",
        TITLE = "A text-independent Persian writer identification based on feature
relation graph (FRG)",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "43",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "2199-2209",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363410"}

@inproceedings{bb369296,
        AUTHOR = "Helli, B. and Moghadam, M.E.",
        TITLE = "Persian Writer Identification Using Extended Gabor Filter",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363411"}

@inproceedings{bb369297,
        AUTHOR = "Ram, S.S. and Moghaddam, M.E.",
        TITLE = "A Persian Writer Identification Method Based on Gradient Features and
Neural Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = CISP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363412"}

@article{bb369298,
        AUTHOR = "Ghods, V. and Kabir, E. and Razzazi, F.",
        TITLE = "Effect of delayed strokes on the recognition of online Farsi
handwriting",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "486-491",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363413"}

@article{bb369299,
        AUTHOR = "Fouladi, K. and Araabi, B.N. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "A fast and accurate contour-based method for writer-dependent offline
handwritten Farsi/Arabic subwords recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "17",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "181-203",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033.html#TT363414"}