@article{bb377000,
        AUTHOR = "Bouslama, F.",
        TITLE = "Neural Networks in the Recognition of Machine Printed Arabic Characters",
        JOURNAL = PRAI,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "395",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371097"}

@article{bb377001,
        AUTHOR = "Bouslama, F.",
        TITLE = "Structural and Fuzzy Techniques in the Recognition of Online Arabic
Characters",
        JOURNAL = PRAI,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "1027",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371098"}

@article{bb377002,
        AUTHOR = "Bazzi, I. and Schwartz, R. and Makhoul, J.",
        TITLE = "An Omnifont Open-Vocabulary OCR System for English and Arabic",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "495-504",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371099"}

@inproceedings{bb377003,
        AUTHOR = "Bazzi, I. and La Pre, C. and Makhoul, J. and Raphael, C. and Schwartz, R.",
        TITLE = "Omnifont and Unlimited-Vocabulary OCR for English and Arabic",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "842-846",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371100"}

@inproceedings{bb377004,
        AUTHOR = "Schwartz, R. and La Pre, C. and Makhoul, J. and Raphael, C. and Zhao, Y.",
        TITLE = "Language-Independent OCR Using a Continuous Speech Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR96,
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "III: 99-103",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371101"}

@inproceedings{bb377005,
        AUTHOR = "La Pre, C. and Zhao, Y. and Schwartz, R. and Makhoul, J.",
        TITLE = "Multi-Font Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition Using the BBN
Byblos Speech Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICASSP96,
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "XX",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371102"}

@article{bb377006,
        AUTHOR = "Ismail, M.A. and Gad, S.",
        TITLE = "Off-line arabic signature recognition and verification",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "33",
        YEAR = "2000",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1727-1740",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371103"}

@inproceedings{bb377007,
        AUTHOR = "Omar, A.M. and Ghanem, N.M. and Ismail, M.A. and Ghanem, S.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic-Latin Offline Signature Recognition Based on Shape Context
Descriptor",
        BOOKTITLE = CVS15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "24-33",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371104"}

@article{bb377008,
        AUTHOR = "Cheung, A. and Bennamoun, M. and Bergmann, N.W.",
        TITLE = "An Arabic optical character recognition system using recognition-based
segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "215-233",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371105"}

@article{bb377009,
        AUTHOR = "Kharma, N.N. and Ward, R.K.",
        TITLE = "A novel invariant mapping applied to hand-written Arabic character
recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "11",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "2115-2120",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371106"}

@article{bb377010,
        AUTHOR = "Al Ohali, Y. and Cheriet, M. and Suen, C.",
        TITLE = "Databases for recognition of handwritten Arabic cheques",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "36",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "111-121",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371107"}

@article{bb377011,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S.",
        TITLE = "Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov
model",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "24",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "14",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "2235-2242",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371108"}

@article{bb377012,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S.",
        TITLE = "Offline recognition of omnifont Arabic text using the HMM ToolKit (HTK)",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "1563-1571",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371109"}

@inproceedings{bb377013,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S.",
        TITLE = "Mono-font Cursive Arabic Text Recognition Using Speech Recognition
System",
        BOOKTITLE = SSPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "755-763",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371110"}

@inproceedings{bb377014,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S. and Al Omari, H.",
        TITLE = "A Markovian Engine for Text Recognition:
Cursive Arabic Text, Statistical Features and Interconnected HMMs",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "I: 375-381",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371111"}

@inproceedings{bb377015,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S. and Clocksin, W.F.",
        TITLE = "Multi-font Arabic Word Recognition Using Spectral Features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol IV: 543-546",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371112"}

@inproceedings{bb377016,
        AUTHOR = "Khorsheed, M.S. and Clocksin, W.F.",
        TITLE = "Structural Features of Cursive Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = BMVC99,
        YEAR = "1999",
        PAGES = "Posters/Exhibition/Demos",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371113"}

@article{bb377017,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amara, N.E. and Bouslama, F.",
        TITLE = "Classification of Arabic script using multiple sources of information:
State of the art and perspectives",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "195-212",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371114"}

@inproceedings{bb377018,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amara, N.E. and Belad, A. and Ellouze, N.",
        TITLE = "Utilisation des modeles markoviens en reconnaissance de l'ecriture arabe:
Etat de l'art",
        BOOKTITLE = "CIFED2000",
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "181-191",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371115"}

@article{bb377019,
        AUTHOR = "Al Alawi, R.",
        TITLE = "FPGA Implementation of Pyramidal Weightless Neural Networks Learning System",
        JOURNAL = IJNS,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "225-237",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371116"}

@inproceedings{bb377020,
        AUTHOR = "Al Alawi, R.",
        TITLE = "A Neural Network Recognition System for Isolated Handwritten
Arabic Characters",
        BOOKTITLE = "ICANN/ICONIP03",
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "262-265",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371117"}

@article{bb377021,
        AUTHOR = "Zheng, L.Y. and Hassin, A.H. and Tang, X.L.",
        TITLE = "A new algorithm for machine printed Arabic character segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2004",
        NUMBER = "15",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "1723-1729",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371118"}

@article{bb377022,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "A new representation of shape and its use for high performance in
online Arabic character recognition by an associative memory",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "7",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "201-210",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371119"}

@inproceedings{bb377023,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "A new representation of character shape and its use in on-line
character recognition by a self organizing map",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "III: 2123-2126",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371120"}

@inproceedings{bb377024,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A.",
        TITLE = "Pattern classification by a Gibbsian Kohonen neural network with an
application to Arabic character recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = IPTA08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371121"}

@inproceedings{bb377025,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Cheriet, M. and Mitiche, A.",
        TITLE = "Combination of pruned Kohonen maps for on-line Arabic characters
recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "900-904",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371122"}

@inproceedings{bb377026,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "On-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters using a Kohonen
neural network",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "490-495",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371123"}

@inproceedings{bb377027,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Reconnaissance en-Ligne de Caractères Arabes Manuscrits par un Réseau
de Kohonen",
        BOOKTITLE = VI02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "186",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371124"}

@article{bb377028,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Bayes Classification of Online Arabic Characters by Gibbs Modeling of
Class Conditional Densities",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1121-1131",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371125"}

@inproceedings{bb377029,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, N. and Mitiche, A.",
        TITLE = "A Gibbsian Kohonen Network for Online Arabic Character Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ISVC08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "II: 493-500",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371126"}

@article{bb377030,
        AUTHOR = "Lorigo, L.M. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "2006",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "712-724",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371127"}

@inproceedings{bb377031,
        AUTHOR = "Lorigo, L.M. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation and pre-recognition of Arabic handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 605-609",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371128"}

@article{bb377032,
        AUTHOR = "Chang, Y. and Chen, D.T. and Zhang, Y. and Yang, J.",
        TITLE = "An image-based automatic Arabic translation system",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "42",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "2127-2134",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371130"}

@article{bb377033,
        AUTHOR = "Sternby, J. and Morwing, J. and Andersson, J. and Friberg, C.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic handwriting recognition with templates",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "42",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "3278-3286",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371131"}

@article{bb377034,
        AUTHOR = "Moussa, S.B. and Zahour, A. and Benabdelhafid, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "New features using fractal multi-dimensions for generalized Arabic font
recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "361-371",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371132"}

@article{bb377035,
        AUTHOR = "Al Hamad, H.A. and Zitar, R.A.",
        TITLE = "Development of an efficient neural-based segmentation technique for
Arabic handwriting recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "43",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "2773-2798",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371133"}

@article{bb377036,
        AUTHOR = "Selamat, A. and Ng, C.C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic script web page language identifications using decision tree
neural networks",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "44",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "133-144",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371134"}

@article{bb377037,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Raouf, A. and Higgins, C.A. and Pridmore, T. and Khalil, M.",
        TITLE = "Building a multi-modal Arabic corpus (MMAC)",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "285-302",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371135"}

@inproceedings{bb377038,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Raouf, A. and Higgins, C.A. and Khalil, M.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Arabic Printed Character Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371136"}

@article{bb377039,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Kherallah, M. and Margner, V. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic handwriting recognition competition: ADAB database and
participating systems",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "15-23",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371137"}

@inproceedings{bb377040,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2009 Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1388-1392",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371138"}

@inproceedings{bb377041,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR2013 Competition on Multi-font and Multi-size Digitally
Represented Arabic Text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1433-1437",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371139"}

@inproceedings{bb377042,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2011: Arabic Recognition Competition: Multi-font Multi-size
Digitally Represented Text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1449-1453",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371140"}

@inproceedings{bb377043,
        AUTHOR = "Kherallah, M. and Tagougui, N. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1454-1458",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371141"}

@article{bb377044,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2009 Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "3-13",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371142"}

@inproceedings{bb377045,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2009 Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1383-1387",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371142"}

@inproceedings{bb377046,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2011: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1444-1448",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371143"}

@inproceedings{bb377047,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and Pechwitz, M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICDAR 2005 Arabic handwriting recognition competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 70-74",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371144"}

@article{bb377048,
        AUTHOR = "Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "209-226",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371145"}

@article{bb377049,
        AUTHOR = "Al Khateeb, J.H. and Ren, J.C. and Jiang, J.M. and Al Muhtaseb, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov
Models and re-ranking",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "32",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "1081-1088",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371146"}

@article{bb377050,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Heigold, G. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "Confidence- and margin-based MMI/MPE discriminative training for
off-line handwriting recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "273-288",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371147"}

@inproceedings{bb377051,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Heigold, G. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "Confidence-Based Discriminative Training for Model Adaptation in
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "596-600",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371148"}

@inproceedings{bb377052,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Rybach, D. and Gollan, C. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "Writer Adaptive Training and Writing Variant Model Refinement for
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "21-25",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371149"}

@article{bb377053,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "W-TSV: Weighted topological signature vector for lexicon reduction in
handwritten Arabic documents",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "45",
        YEAR = "2012",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "3277-3287",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371150"}

@inproceedings{bb377054,
        AUTHOR = "Miled, H. and Olivier, C. and Cheriet, M. and Lecourtier, Y.",
        TITLE = "Coupling Observation/Letter for a Markovian Modelisation Applied to the
Recognition of Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "580-583",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371151"}

@book{bb377055,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Guide to OCR for Arabic Scripts",
        PUBLISHER = "Springer",
        YEAR = "2012",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371152"}

@article{bb377056,
        AUTHOR = "Parvez, M.T. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwriting recognition using structural and syntactic pattern
attributes",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "46",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "141-154",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371153"}

@article{bb377057,
        AUTHOR = "Parvez, M.T. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Offline arabic handwritten text recognition: A Survey",
        JOURNAL = Surveys,
        VOLUME = "45",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "Article No 23",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371154"}

@article{bb377058,
        AUTHOR = "Alginahi, Y.M.",
        TITLE = "A survey on Arabic character segmentation",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "105-126",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371155"}

@article{bb377059,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R.M. and El Sana, J.A.",
        TITLE = "Comprehensive synthetic Arabic database for on/off-line script
recognition research",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "285-294",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371156"}

@article{bb377060,
        AUTHOR = "Elzobi, M. and Al Hamadi, A. and Al Aghbari, Z. and Dings, L.",
        TITLE = "IESK-ArDB: a database for handwritten Arabic and an optimized
topological segmentation approach",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "295-308",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371157"}

@inproceedings{bb377061,
        AUTHOR = "Elzobi, M. and Al Hamadi, A. and Dings, L. and El Etriby, S.",
        TITLE = "CRFs and HCRFs Based Recognition for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ISVC15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "II: 337-346",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371158"}

@article{bb377062,
        AUTHOR = "Lutf, M. and You, X.G. and Cheung, Y.M. and Chen, C.L.P.",
        TITLE = "Arabic font recognition based on diacritics features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "2",
        PAGES = "672-684",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371159"}

@article{bb377063,
        AUTHOR = "Mahmoud, S.A. and Ahmad, I. and Al Khatib, W.G. and Alshayeb, M. and Parvez, M.T. and Margner, V. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "3",
        PAGES = "1096-1112",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371160"}

@inproceedings{bb377064,
        AUTHOR = "Mahmoud, S.A. and Ahmad, I. and Alshayeb, M. and Al Khatib, W.G. and Parvez, M.T. and Fink, G.A. and Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "KHATT: Arabic Offline Handwritten Text Database",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "449-454",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371161"}

@inproceedings{bb377065,
        AUTHOR = "Mahmoud, S.A. and Ahmad, I. and Alshayeb, M. and Al Khatib, W.G.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Offline Arabic Handwritten Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "II: 397-406",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371162"}

@inproceedings{bb377066,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Bank Check Analysis and Zone Extraction",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "I: 141-148",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371163"}

@article{bb377067,
        AUTHOR = "Luqman, H. and Mahmoud, S.A. and Awaida, S.",
        TITLE = "KAFD Arabic font database",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "6",
        PAGES = "2231-2240",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371164"}

@article{bb377068,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic word descriptor for handwritten word indexing and lexicon
reduction",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "10",
        PAGES = "3477-3486",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371165"}

@inproceedings{bb377069,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Wisnovsky, R. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Sparse descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten Arabic documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "3729-3732",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371166"}

@article{bb377070,
        AUTHOR = "Elarian, Y. and Ahmad, I. and Awaida, S. and Al Khatib, W.G. and Zidouri, A.",
        TITLE = "An Arabic handwriting synthesis system",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "48",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "3",
        PAGES = "849-861",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371167"}

@article{bb377071,
        AUTHOR = "Abdi, M.N. and Khemakhem, M.",
        TITLE = "A model-based approach to offline text-independent Arabic writer
identification and verification",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "48",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "5",
        PAGES = "1890-1903",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371168"}

@article{bb377072,
        AUTHOR = "Abandah, G.A. and Graves, A. and Al Shagoor, B. and Arabiyat, A. and Jamour, F. and Al Taee, M.",
        TITLE = "Automatic diacritization of Arabic text using recurrent neural networks",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "183-197",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371169"}

@article{bb377073,
        AUTHOR = "Mousa, M.A.A. and Sayed, M.S. and Abdalla, M.I.",
        TITLE = "An efficient algorithm for Arabic optical font recognition using
scale-invariant detector",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "263-270",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371170"}

@article{bb377074,
        AUTHOR = "Fouladi, K. and Araabi, B.N.",
        TITLE = "Toward automatic development of handwritten personal Farsi/Arabic
OpenType ® fonts",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "249-262",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371171"}

@article{bb377075,
        AUTHOR = "Chergui, L. and Kef, M.",
        TITLE = "SIFT descriptors for Arabic handwriting recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "441-461",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371172"}

@inproceedings{bb377076,
        AUTHOR = "Chergui, L. and Kef, M.",
        TITLE = "A Serial Combination of Neural Network for Arabic OCR",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "297-303",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371173"}

@article{bb377077,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Mahmoud, S.A. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Open-vocabulary recognition of machine-printed Arabic text using
hidden Markov models",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "51",
        YEAR = "2016",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "97-111",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371174"}

@article{bb377078,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Roy, P.P. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Feature Set Evaluation for Offline Handwriting Recognition Systems:
Application to the Recurrent Neural Network Model",
        JOURNAL = Cyber,
        VOLUME = "46",
        YEAR = "2016",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2825-2836",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371175"}

@inproceedings{bb377079,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Roy, P.P. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Feature Design for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition:
Handcrafted vs Automated?",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "290-294",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371176"}

@inproceedings{bb377080,
        AUTHOR = "Menasri, F. and Vincent, N. and Cheriet, M. and Augustin, E.",
        TITLE = "Shape-Based Alphabet for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "969-973",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371177"}

@inproceedings{bb377081,
        AUTHOR = "Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Visual Recognition of Arabic Handwriting: Challenges and New Directions",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371178"}

@article{bb377082,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Contribution of recurrent connectionist language models in improving
LSTM-based Arabic text recognition in videos",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "64",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "245-254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371179"}

@inproceedings{bb377083,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Deep learning and recurrent connectionist-based approaches for Arabic
text recognition in videos",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1026-1030",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371180"}

@article{bb377084,
        AUTHOR = "Lamghari, N. and Raghay, S.",
        TITLE = "DBAHCL: database for Arabic handwritten characters and ligatures",
        JOURNAL = MultInfoRetr,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "263-269",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371181"}

@article{bb377085,
        AUTHOR = "Sepahvand, M. and Abdali Mohammadi, F. and Mardukhi, F.",
        TITLE = "Evolutionary Metric-Learning-Based Recognition Algorithm for Online
Isolated Persian/Arabic Characters, Reconstructed Using Inertial Pen
Signals",
        JOURNAL = Cyber,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "2872-2884",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371182"}

@article{bb377086,
        AUTHOR = "Al Helali, B.M. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR): A Survey",
        JOURNAL = Surveys,
        VOLUME = "50",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "Article No 33",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371183"}

@article{bb377087,
        AUTHOR = "Elanwar, R. and Qin, W. and Betke, M.",
        TITLE = "Making scanned Arabic documents machine accessible using an ensemble of
SVM classifiers",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "1-2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "59-75",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371184"}

@article{bb377088,
        AUTHOR = "Doush, I.A. and Alkhateeb, F. and Gharaibeh, A.H.",
        TITLE = "A novel Arabic OCR post-processing using rule-based and word context
techniques",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "1-2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "77-89",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371185"}

@article{bb377089,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Multi-dimensional long short-term memory networks for artificial Arabic
text recognition in news video",
        JOURNAL = IET-CV,
        VOLUME = "12",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "710-719",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371186"}

@inproceedings{bb377090,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Hennebert, J. and Touj, S.M. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "A dataset for Arabic text detection, tracking and recognition in news
videos- AcTiV",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "996-1000",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371187"}

@inproceedings{bb377091,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Semi-automatic news video annotation framework for Arabic text",
        BOOKTITLE = IPTA14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371188"}

@article{bb377092,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid LSTM/MaxEnt Networks for Arabic Syntactic Diacritics
Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1515-1519",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371189"}

@article{bb377093,
        AUTHOR = "Bougamouza, F. and Hazmoune, S. and Benmohammed, M.",
        TITLE = "Normalisation of handwriting speed for online Arabic characters
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "6",
        PAGES = "591-605",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371190"}

@article{bb377094,
        AUTHOR = "Adam, K. and Baig, A. and Al Maadeed, S. and Bouridane, A. and El Menshawy, S.",
        TITLE = "KERTAS: dataset for automatic dating of ancient Arabic manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "283-290",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371191"}

@article{bb377095,
        AUTHOR = "Jemni, S.K. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Out of vocabulary word detection and recovery in Arabic handwritten
text recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "93",
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "507-520",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371192"}

@article{bb377096,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic text recognition using multi-stage sub-core-shape
HMMs",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "329-349",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371193"}

@inproceedings{bb377097,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Multi-stage HMM based Arabic text recognition with rescoring",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "751-755",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371194"}

@inproceedings{bb377098,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Training an Arabic handwriting recognizer without a handwritten
training data set",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "476-480",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371195"}

@inproceedings{bb377099,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Rothacker, L. and Fink, G.A. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Novel Sub-character HMM Models for Arabic Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "658-662",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371196"}

Last update:Jul 11, 2026 at 11:55:55