@inproceedings{bb377100,
        AUTHOR = "Elarian, Y. and Ahmad, I. and Awaida, S. and Al Khatib, W. and Zidouri, A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic ligatures: Analysis and application in text recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "896-900",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371197"}

@article{bb377101,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Open Vocabulary Arabic Diacritics Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "26",
        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1421-1425",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371198"}

@article{bb377102,
        AUTHOR = "Omari, M. and Jaafri, Y.O. and Dlim, R.",
        TITLE = "Comparative Performance Analysis of Enhancement Methods Applied to
Arabic Manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "20",
        YEAR = "2020",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2050013",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371199"}

@article{bb377103,
        AUTHOR = "Ibn Khedher, M. and Jmila, H. and El Yacoubi, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Automatic processing of Historical Arabic Documents: A comprehensive
Survey",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "100",
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "107144",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371200"}

@article{bb377104,
        AUTHOR = "Elaiwat, S.",
        TITLE = "Holistic word descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten arabic
documents",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "119",
        YEAR = "2021",
        PAGES = "108072",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371201"}

@article{bb377105,
        AUTHOR = "Elkhayati, M. and Elkettani, Y. and Mourchid, M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Graphemes Using a Directed
Convolutional Neural Network and Mathematical Morphology Operations",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "122",
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "108288",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371202"}

@article{bb377106,
        AUTHOR = "Gagaoua, M. and Ghilas, H. and Tari, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram of Marked Background (HMB) Feature Extraction Method for
Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2022",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2250015",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371203"}

@article{bb377107,
        AUTHOR = "Zoizou, A. and Zarghili, A. and Chaker, I.",
        TITLE = "MOJ-DB: A new database of Arabic historical handwriting and a novel
approach for subwords extraction",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "159",
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "54-60",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371204"}

@article{bb377108,
        AUTHOR = "Shamardan, H. and Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Diacritics Restoration Using Maximum Entropy Language Models",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "2023",
        PAGES = "1227-1231",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371205"}

@article{bb377109,
        AUTHOR = "Kasem, M.S. and Mahmoud, M. and Kang, H.S.",
        TITLE = "Advancements and Challenges in Arabic Optical Character Recognition:
A Comprehensive Survey",
        JOURNAL = Surveys,
        VOLUME = "58",
        YEAR = "2025",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371206"}

@article{bb377110,
        AUTHOR = "Shugaba, F.A. and Sheikh, U.U. and Othman, M.A. and Khamis, N. and Abdulfattah, M.H.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic Text Recognition: A Review of Recent Trends and
Future Direction",
        JOURNAL = IJCV,
        VOLUME = "134",
        YEAR = "2026",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "207",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371207"}

@inproceedings{bb377111,
        AUTHOR = "El Melegy, M. and Abdelbaset, A. and Abdel Hakim, A. and El Sayed, G.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Literal Amounts Using Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = IbPRIA19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "II:169-176",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371208"}

@inproceedings{bb377112,
        AUTHOR = "Boudchiche, M. and Mazroui, A.",
        TITLE = "Improving the Arabic root extraction by using the quadratic splines",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV18,
        YEAR = "2018",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371209"}

@inproceedings{bb377113,
        AUTHOR = "Boufenar, C. and Batouche, M.",
        TITLE = "Investigation on deep learning for off-line handwritten Arabic
Character Recognition using Theano research platform",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV17,
        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371210"}

@inproceedings{bb377114,
        AUTHOR = "Iwata, S. and Ohyama, W. and Wakabayashi, T. and Kimura, F.",
        TITLE = "Recognition and transition frame detection of Arabic news captions
for video retrieval",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "4005-4010",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371211"}

@inproceedings{bb377115,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Hajjej, N. and Touj, S.M. and Mansour, S.B. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Amara, N.E.B.",
        TITLE = "ICPR2016 contest on Arabic Text detection and Recognition in video
frames - AcTiVComp",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "187-191",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371212"}

@inproceedings{bb377116,
        AUTHOR = "Nakkach, H. and Hichri, S. and Haboubi, S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Ontology-Based Approach for Online Arabic Character Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "200-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371213"}

@inproceedings{bb377117,
        AUTHOR = "Nakkach, H. and Hichri, S. and Haboubi, S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid Approach to Features Extraction for Online Arabic Character
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "253-258",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371214"}

@inproceedings{bb377118,
        AUTHOR = "Tounsi, M. and Moalla, I. and Alimi, A.M. and Lebouregois, F.",
        TITLE = "Arabic characters recognition in natural scenes using sparse coding
for feature representations",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1036-1040",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371215"}

@inproceedings{bb377119,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "ALIF: A dataset for Arabic embedded text recognition in TV broadcast",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1221-1225",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371216"}

@inproceedings{bb377120,
        AUTHOR = "Pavlov, V.A. and Shalymov, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten texts clusterization based on Feature Relation
Graph (FRG)",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "941-945",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371217"}

@inproceedings{bb377121,
        AUTHOR = "Scharwachter, E. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "Solving substitution ciphers for OCR with a semi-supervised hidden
Markov model",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "11-15",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371218"}

@inproceedings{bb377122,
        AUTHOR = "Stahlberg, F. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "Detecting dense foreground stripes in Arabic handwriting for accurate
baseline positioning",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "361-365",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371219"}

@inproceedings{bb377123,
        AUTHOR = "Chammas, E. and Mokbel, C. and Likforman Sulem, L.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten document preprocessing and recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "451-455",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371220"}

@inproceedings{bb377124,
        AUTHOR = "Stahlberg, F. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "The QCRI Recognition System for Handwritten Arabic",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "II:276-286",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371221"}

@inproceedings{bb377125,
        AUTHOR = "Elleuch, M. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M.",
        TITLE = "Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "II:371-382",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371222"}

@inproceedings{bb377126,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic text detection in videos using neural and boosting-based
approaches: Application to video indexing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "3028-3032",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371223"}

@inproceedings{bb377127,
        AUTHOR = "Fecker, D. and Asit, A. and Margner, V. and El Sana, J. and Fingscheidt, T.",
        TITLE = "Writer Identification for Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "3050-3055",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371224"}

@inproceedings{bb377128,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M.",
        TITLE = "An Approach for Arabic Handwriting Synthesis Based on Active Shape
Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1260-1264",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371225"}

@inproceedings{bb377129,
        AUTHOR = "Parvez, M.T. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Lexicon Reduction Using Segment Descriptors for Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1265-1269",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371226"}

@inproceedings{bb377130,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and Mousa, A.E.D. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "Open Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Morphological
Decomposition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "280-284",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371227"}

@inproceedings{bb377131,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M.",
        TITLE = "A Locale Group Based Line Segmentation Approach for Non Uniform
Skewed and Curved Arabic Handwritings",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "803-806",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371228"}

@inproceedings{bb377132,
        AUTHOR = "Elzobi, M. and Al Hamadi, A. and Dings, L. and Elmezain, M. and Saeed, A.",
        TITLE = "A Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach with an Adaptive Threshold Model
for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "945-949",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371229"}

@inproceedings{bb377133,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, J.Y. and Prasad, R. and Cao, H.G. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Detecting OOV Names in Arabic Handwritten Data",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "994-998",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371230"}

@inproceedings{bb377134,
        AUTHOR = "Su, B. and Ding, X.Q. and Peng, L.R. and Liu, C.S.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Baseline-independent Feature Set for Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1250-1254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371231"}

@inproceedings{bb377135,
        AUTHOR = "Chtourou, I. and Rouhou, A.C. and Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "ALTID : Arabic/Latin Text Images Database for recognition research",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "836-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371232"}

@inproceedings{bb377136,
        AUTHOR = "Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Database for Arabic Printed Text Recognition Research",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "I:251-259",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371233"}

@inproceedings{bb377137,
        AUTHOR = "Rashwan, A.M. and Kamel, M.S. and Karray, F.",
        TITLE = "An Arabic Optical Character Recognition System Using Restricted
Boltzmann Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = CIARP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "II:108-115",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371234"}

@inproceedings{bb377138,
        AUTHOR = "Li, N. and Xie, X.D. and Liu, W.T. and Lam, K.M.",
        TITLE = "Combination of global and local baseline-independent features for
offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "713-716",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371235"}

@inproceedings{bb377139,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H.G. and Chen, J.Y. and Devlin, J. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Document recognition and translation system for unconstrained Arabic
documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "318-321",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371236"}

@inproceedings{bb377140,
        AUTHOR = "Porwal, U. and Zhou, Y.B. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic text recognition using Deep Belief Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "302-305",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371237"}

@inproceedings{bb377141,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Zayene, O. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R.",
        TITLE = "New features for complex Arabic fonts in cascading recognition system",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "738-741",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371238"}

@inproceedings{bb377142,
        AUTHOR = "Samoud, F.B. and Maddouri, S.S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Three Evaluation Criteria's towards a Comparison of Two Characters
Segmentation Methods for Handwritten Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "774-779",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371239"}

@inproceedings{bb377143,
        AUTHOR = "Hassaine, A. and Maadeed, S.A.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2012 Competition on Writer Identification Challenge 2: Arabic
Scripts",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "835-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371240"}

@inproceedings{bb377144,
        AUTHOR = "Rothacker, L. and Vajda, S. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Bag-of-Features Representations for Offline Handwriting Recognition
Applied to Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "149-154",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371241"}

@inproceedings{bb377145,
        AUTHOR = "Kacem, A. and Aouiti, N. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Structural Features Extraction for Handwritten Arabic Personal Names
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "268-273",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371242"}

@inproceedings{bb377146,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, A. and Kanoun, S. and Khemakhem, M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Arabic Handwritten Text Image Recognition and Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "399-402",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371243"}

@inproceedings{bb377147,
        AUTHOR = "Al Maadeed, S. and Ayouby, W. and Hassaine, A. and Aljaam, J.M.",
        TITLE = "QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "746-751",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371244"}

@inproceedings{bb377148,
        AUTHOR = "Djeddi, C. and Souici Meslati, L. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "493-501",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371245"}

@inproceedings{bb377149,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "A New Efficient Graphemes Segmentation Technique for Offline Arabic
Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "95-100",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371246"}

@inproceedings{bb377150,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM-based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Using New Feature
Extraction and Lexicon Ranking Techniques",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "554-559",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371247"}

@inproceedings{bb377151,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Azeem, S. and Eraqi, H.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwritten Personal Names Recognition System Based on
HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1304-1308",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371248"}

@inproceedings{bb377152,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "An On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System:
Based on a New On-line Graphemes Segmentation Technique",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "409-413",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371249"}

@inproceedings{bb377153,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmed, H. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System Based on HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1324-1328",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371250"}

@inproceedings{bb377154,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Belanger, D. and Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Subramanian, K. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Baseline Dependent Percentile Features for Offline Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "329-333",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371251"}

@inproceedings{bb377155,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Belanger, D. and Rosti, A.V. and Matsoukas, S. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Consensus Network Based Hypotheses Combination for Arabic Offline
Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2861-2864",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371252"}

@inproceedings{bb377156,
        AUTHOR = "Saleem, S. and Cao, H. and Subramanian, K. and Kamali, M. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition
System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "773-777",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371253"}

@inproceedings{bb377157,
        AUTHOR = "Alja'am, J.M. and Jaoua, A. and Bouridane, A.",
        TITLE = "The ICDAR2011 Arabic Writer Identification Contest",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1470-1474",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371254"}

@inproceedings{bb377158,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Impact of Character Models Choice on Arabic Text Recognition
Performance",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "670-675",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371255"}

@inproceedings{bb377159,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Gaussian Mixture Models for Arabic Font Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2174-2177",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371256"}

@inproceedings{bb377160,
        AUTHOR = "Njah, S. and Bezine, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "A New Encoding System: Application to On-line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "451-456",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371257"}

@inproceedings{bb377161,
        AUTHOR = "Boukerma, H. and Farah, N.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Arabic Baseline Estimation Algorithm Based on Sub-Words
Treatment",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "335-338",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371258"}

@inproceedings{bb377162,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2010: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "709-714",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371259"}

@inproceedings{bb377163,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "How to Improve a Handwriting Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1181-1185",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371260"}

@inproceedings{bb377164,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Databases and Competitions:
Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371261"}

@inproceedings{bb377165,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1274-1278",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371262"}

@inproceedings{bb377166,
        AUTHOR = "Lutf, M. and You, X.G. and Li, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1912-1915",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371263"}

@inproceedings{bb377167,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Govindaraju, V. and Cheng, Y.F. and Li, H.P.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Lexicon Reduction Method for Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2865-2868",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371264"}

@inproceedings{bb377168,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Features Integration for On-Line Handwriting Graphemes
Modeling Improvement",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "69-74",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371265"}

@inproceedings{bb377169,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy Segmentation and Graphemes Modeling for Online Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "695-700",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371266"}

@inproceedings{bb377170,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and El Baati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic Handwriting Modeling System Based on the Graphemes
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2061-2064",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371267"}

@inproceedings{bb377171,
        AUTHOR = "Zaki, T. and Mammass, D. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "A Semantic Proximity Based System of Arabic Text Indexation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "419-427",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371268"}

@inproceedings{bb377172,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Hierarchical On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "867-871",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371269"}

@inproceedings{bb377173,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1231-1235",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371270"}

@inproceedings{bb377174,
        AUTHOR = "Daifallah, K. and Zarka, N. and Jamous, H.",
        TITLE = "Recognition-Based Segmentation Algorithm for On-Line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "886-890",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371271"}

@inproceedings{bb377175,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Image Enhancement for Degraded Binary Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "895-899",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371272"}

@inproceedings{bb377176,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Removing Rule-Lines from Binary Handwritten Arabic Document Images
Using Directional Local Profile",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1916-1919",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371273"}

@inproceedings{bb377177,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "A Steerable Directional Local Profile Technique for Extraction of
Handwritten Arabic Text Lines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "176-180",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371274"}

@inproceedings{bb377178,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using
adaptive local connectivity map",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 794-798",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371275"}

@inproceedings{bb377179,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity
normalization",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "I: 473-476",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371276"}

@inproceedings{bb377180,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "793-797",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371277"}

@inproceedings{bb377181,
        AUTHOR = "Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Fast Rule-Line Removal Using Integral Images and Support Vector
Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "584-588",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371278"}

@inproceedings{bb377182,
        AUTHOR = "Abd Almageed, W. and Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic
Handwritten Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "768-772",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371279"}

@inproceedings{bb377183,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "946-950",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371280"}

@inproceedings{bb377184,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Elabed, H. and Benabdelhafid, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised Block Covering Analysis for Text-Line Segmentation of
Arabic Ancient Handwritten Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1929-1932",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371281"}

@inproceedings{bb377185,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Combining of Off-line and On-line Feature Extraction Approaches for
Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1299-1303",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371282"}

@inproceedings{bb377186,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Multi-fractal Modeling for On-line Text-Independent Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "623-627",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371283"}

@inproceedings{bb377187,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fractal and Multi-fractal for Arabic Offline Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3793-3796",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371284"}

@inproceedings{bb377188,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Temporal Order Recovery of the Scanned Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1116-1120",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371285"}

@inproceedings{bb377189,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "411-415",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371286"}

@inproceedings{bb377190,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic
Handwritten Writing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "778-782",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371287"}

@inproceedings{bb377191,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and El Abed, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for
Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "201-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371288"}

@inproceedings{bb377192,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "A Framework for the Combination of Different Arabic Handwritten Word
Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1904-1907",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371289"}

@inproceedings{bb377193,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Bougacha, A. and Zahour, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM
Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "743-747",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371290"}

@inproceedings{bb377194,
        AUTHOR = "Haboubi, S. and Maddouri, S. and Ellouze, N. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script:
A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "691-697",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371291"}

@inproceedings{bb377195,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Jonas, S. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371292"}

@inproceedings{bb377196,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Saleem, S. and Kamali, M. and Meermeier, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371293"}

@inproceedings{bb377197,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Belaid, A. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "A novel approach for the recognition of a wide Arabic handwritten word
lexicon",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371294"}

@inproceedings{bb377198,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1108-1112",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371295"}

@inproceedings{bb377199,
        AUTHOR = "Ali, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector
Quantization Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "463-470",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT371296"}