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@article{bb378002,
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@article{bb378006,
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@article{bb378009,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372113"}

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        NUMBER = "4",
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@article{bb378011,
        AUTHOR = "Yan, H.",
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@article{bb378012,
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two-layer perceptron",
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        PAGES = "317-324",
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handwritten numerals",
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@article{bb378017,
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Handwritten Numeral Recognition",
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@article{bb378019,
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@article{bb378020,
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@article{bb378021,
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@article{bb378023,
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@inproceedings{bb378025,
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@inproceedings{bb378026,
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@article{bb378057,
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@article{bb378060,
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handwritten numeral recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372163"}

@article{bb378061,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, H.C. and Kim, D.J. and Bang, S.Y.",
        TITLE = "A numeral character recognition using the PCA mixture model",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "23",
        YEAR = "2002",
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        PAGES = "103-111",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372164"}

@article{bb378062,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, M. and Fujisawa, Y. and Wakabayashi, T. and Kimura, F.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten numeral recognition using gradient and curvature of gray
scale image",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        YEAR = "2002",
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        PAGES = "2051-2059",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372165"}

@inproceedings{bb378063,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, M. and Ohyama, W. and Wakabayashi, T. and Kimura, F.",
        TITLE = "Clustering with projection distance and pseudo Bayes discriminant
function for handwritten numeral recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "1007-1011",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372166"}

@inproceedings{bb378064,
        AUTHOR = "Wakabayashi, T. and Shi, M. and Ohyama, W. and Kimura, F.",
        TITLE = "Accuracy improvement of handwritten numeral recognition by mirror image
learning",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "338-343",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372167"}

@article{bb378065,
        AUTHOR = "Teow, L.N. and Loe, K.F.",
        TITLE = "Robust vision-based features and classification schemes for off-line
handwritten digit recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "11",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "2355-2364",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372168"}

@inproceedings{bb378066,
        AUTHOR = "Teow, L.N. and Loe, K.F.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Digit Recognition with a Novel Vision Model that Extracts
Linearly Separable Features",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "II: 76-81",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372169"}

@article{bb378067,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, G.Y. and Bui, T.D. and Krzyzak, A.",
        TITLE = "Contour-based handwritten numeral recognition using multiwavelets and
neural networks",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "36",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1597-1604",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372170"}

@article{bb378068,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, G.Y. and Bui, T.D. and Krzyzak, A.",
        TITLE = "Rotation invariant pattern recognition using ridgelets, wavelet
cycle-spinning and Fourier features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "38",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2314-2322",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372171"}

@article{bb378069,
        AUTHOR = "Yang, L.H. and Suen, C.Y. and Bui, T.D. and Zhang, P.",
        TITLE = "Discrimination of similar handwritten numerals based on invariant
curvature features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "38",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "947-963",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372172"}

@inproceedings{bb378070,
        AUTHOR = "Zhang, P. and Bui, T.D. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid feature extraction and feature selection for improving
recognition accuracy of handwritten numerals",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 136-140",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372173"}

@inproceedings{bb378071,
        AUTHOR = "Zhang, P. and Suen, C.Y. and Bui, T.D.",
        TITLE = "Multi-modal nonlinear feature reduction for the recognition of
handwritten numerals",
        BOOKTITLE = CRV04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "393-400",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372174"}

@article{bb378072,
        AUTHOR = "Bellili, A. and Gilloux, M. and Gallinari, P.",
        TITLE = "An MLP-SVM combination architecture for offline handwritten digit
recognition: Reduction of recognition errors by Support Vector Machines
rejection mechanisms",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "244-252",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372175"}

@inproceedings{bb378073,
        AUTHOR = "Bellili, A. and Gilloux, M. and Gallinari, P.",
        TITLE = "An hybrid MLP-SVM handwritten digit recognizer",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "28-32",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372176"}

@article{bb378074,
        AUTHOR = "Goltsev, A. and Rachkovskij, D.",
        TITLE = "Combination of the assembly neural network with a perceptron for
recognition of handwritten digits arranged in numeral strings",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "38",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "315-322",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372177"}

@article{bb378075,
        AUTHOR = "Parkins, A.D. and Nandi, A.K.",
        TITLE = "Method for calculating first-order derivative based feature saliency
information in a trained neural network and its application to
handwritten digit recognition",
        JOURNAL = VISP,
        VOLUME = "152",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "137-147",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372178"}

@article{bb378076,
        AUTHOR = "Sung, J.M. and Bang, S.Y. and Choi, S.J.",
        TITLE = "A Bayesian network classifier and hierarchical Gabor features for
handwritten numeral recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "2006",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "66-75",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372179"}

@article{bb378077,
        AUTHOR = "Sung, J.M. and Ghahramani, Z. and Bang, S.Y.",
        TITLE = "Latent-Space Variational Bayes",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2236-2242",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372180"}

@inproceedings{bb378078,
        AUTHOR = "Sung, J.M. and Bang, S.Y.",
        TITLE = "Hierarchical Bayesian Network for Handwritten Digit Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CVS03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "396 ff",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372181"}

@article{bb378079,
        AUTHOR = "Savas, B. and Elden, L.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten digit classification using higher order singular value
decomposition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "993-1003",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372182"}

@article{bb378080,
        AUTHOR = "Hoffmann, H.",
        TITLE = "Kernel PCA for novelty detection",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "863-874",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372183"}

@article{bb378081,
        AUTHOR = "Suresh, R.M. and Arumugam, S.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy technique based recognition of handwritten characters",
        JOURNAL = IVC,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "230-239",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372184"}

@article{bb378082,
        AUTHOR = "Lauer, F. and Suen, C.Y. and Bloch, G.",
        TITLE = "A trainable feature extractor for handwritten digit recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "1816-1824",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372185"}

@article{bb378083,
        AUTHOR = "Hanmandlu, M. and Murthy, O.V.R.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy model based recognition of handwritten numerals",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "1840-1854",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372186"}

@inproceedings{bb378084,
        AUTHOR = "Hanmandlu, M. and Yusof, M.H.M. and Madasu, V.K.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy Modeling Based Recognition of Multi-font Numerals",
        BOOKTITLE = DAGM03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "204-211",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372187"}

@article{bb378085,
        AUTHOR = "Zhang, P. and Bui, T.D. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "A novel cascade ensemble classifier system with a high recognition
performance on handwritten digits",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "3415-3429",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372188"}

@article{bb378086,
        AUTHOR = "Zhou, J. and Peng, H. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Data-driven decomposition for multi-class classification",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "41",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "67-76",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372189"}

@article{bb378087,
        AUTHOR = "Kherallah, M. and Haddad, L. and Alimi, A.M. and Mitiche, A.",
        TITLE = "On-line handwritten digit recognition based on trajectory and velocity
modeling",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "580-594",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372190"}

@article{bb378088,
        AUTHOR = "Vellasques, E. and Oliveira, L.S. and de Souza Britto, A. and Koerich, A.L. and Sabourin, R.",
        TITLE = "Filtering segmentation cuts for digit string recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "41",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "3044-3053",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372191"}

@article{bb378089,
        AUTHOR = "Ko, A.H.R. and Cavalin, P.R. and Sabourin, R. and de Souza Britto, A.",
        TITLE = "Leave-One-Out-Training and Leave-One-Out-Testing Hidden Markov Models
for a Handwritten Numeral Recognizer: The Implications of a Single
Classifier and Multiple Classifications",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2168-2178",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372192"}

@inproceedings{bb378090,
        AUTHOR = "Oliveira, L.S. and de Souza Britto, A. and Sabourin, R.",
        TITLE = "A synthetic database to assess segmentation algorithms",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 207-211",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372193"}

@article{bb378091,
        AUTHOR = "Ng, G.S. and Erdogan, S. and Shi, D.M. and Wahab, A.",
        TITLE = "Insight Of Fuzzy Neural Systems In The Application Of Handwritten
Digits Classification",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "2006",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "511-532",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372194"}

@article{bb378092,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Azeem, S. and El Sherif, E.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten digit recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "11",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372195"}

@article{bb378093,
        AUTHOR = "Lian, H.",
        TITLE = "Bayesian Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis Using Random Fields",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "749-754",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372196"}

@article{bb378094,
        AUTHOR = "Cavalin, P.R. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y. and de Souza Britto, A.",
        TITLE = "Evaluation of incremental learning algorithms for HMM in the
recognition of alphanumeric characters",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "42",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "3241-3253",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372197"}

@article{bb378095,
        AUTHOR = "Hamidi, M. and Borji, A.",
        TITLE = "Invariance analysis of modified C2 features: case study:
Handwritten digit recognition",
        JOURNAL = MVA,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2010",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "969-979",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372198"}

@article{bb378096,
        AUTHOR = "He, C.L. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Rejection measurement based on linear discriminant analysis for
document recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "263-272",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372199"}

@inproceedings{bb378097,
        AUTHOR = "He, C.L. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Rejection Measurement in Handwritten Numeral Recognition Based
on Linear Discriminant Analysis",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "451-455",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372200"}

@inproceedings{bb378098,
        AUTHOR = "He, C.L. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Automatic Discrimination between Confusing Classes with Writing Styles
Verification in Arabic Handwritten Numeral Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2045-2048",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372201"}

@inproceedings{bb378099,
        AUTHOR = "He, C.L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Error Reduction Based on Error Categorization in Arabic Handwritten
Numeral Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "463-468",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1025.html#TT372202"}