@article{bb379000,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Multi-dimensional long short-term memory networks for artificial Arabic
text recognition in news video",
        JOURNAL = IET-CV,
        VOLUME = "12",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "710-719",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373095"}

@inproceedings{bb379001,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Hennebert, J. and Touj, S.M. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "A dataset for Arabic text detection, tracking and recognition in news
videos- AcTiV",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "996-1000",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373096"}

@inproceedings{bb379002,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Semi-automatic news video annotation framework for Arabic text",
        BOOKTITLE = IPTA14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373097"}

@article{bb379003,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid LSTM/MaxEnt Networks for Arabic Syntactic Diacritics
Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1515-1519",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373098"}

@article{bb379004,
        AUTHOR = "Bougamouza, F. and Hazmoune, S. and Benmohammed, M.",
        TITLE = "Normalisation of handwriting speed for online Arabic characters
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "6",
        PAGES = "591-605",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373099"}

@article{bb379005,
        AUTHOR = "Adam, K. and Baig, A. and Al Maadeed, S. and Bouridane, A. and El Menshawy, S.",
        TITLE = "KERTAS: dataset for automatic dating of ancient Arabic manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "283-290",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373100"}

@article{bb379006,
        AUTHOR = "Jemni, S.K. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Out of vocabulary word detection and recovery in Arabic handwritten
text recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "93",
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "507-520",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373101"}

@article{bb379007,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic text recognition using multi-stage sub-core-shape
HMMs",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "329-349",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373102"}

@inproceedings{bb379008,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Multi-stage HMM based Arabic text recognition with rescoring",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "751-755",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373103"}

@inproceedings{bb379009,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Training an Arabic handwriting recognizer without a handwritten
training data set",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "476-480",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373104"}

@inproceedings{bb379010,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Rothacker, L. and Fink, G.A. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Novel Sub-character HMM Models for Arabic Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "658-662",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373105"}

@inproceedings{bb379011,
        AUTHOR = "Elarian, Y. and Ahmad, I. and Awaida, S. and Al Khatib, W. and Zidouri, A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic ligatures: Analysis and application in text recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "896-900",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373106"}

@article{bb379012,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Open Vocabulary Arabic Diacritics Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "26",
        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1421-1425",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373107"}

@article{bb379013,
        AUTHOR = "Omari, M. and Jaafri, Y.O. and Dlim, R.",
        TITLE = "Comparative Performance Analysis of Enhancement Methods Applied to
Arabic Manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "20",
        YEAR = "2020",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2050013",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373108"}

@article{bb379014,
        AUTHOR = "Ibn Khedher, M. and Jmila, H. and El Yacoubi, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Automatic processing of Historical Arabic Documents: A comprehensive
Survey",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "100",
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "107144",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373109"}

@article{bb379015,
        AUTHOR = "Elaiwat, S.",
        TITLE = "Holistic word descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten arabic
documents",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "119",
        YEAR = "2021",
        PAGES = "108072",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373110"}

@article{bb379016,
        AUTHOR = "Elkhayati, M. and Elkettani, Y. and Mourchid, M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Graphemes Using a Directed
Convolutional Neural Network and Mathematical Morphology Operations",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "122",
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "108288",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373111"}

@article{bb379017,
        AUTHOR = "Gagaoua, M. and Ghilas, H. and Tari, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram of Marked Background (HMB) Feature Extraction Method for
Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2022",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2250015",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373112"}

@article{bb379018,
        AUTHOR = "Zoizou, A. and Zarghili, A. and Chaker, I.",
        TITLE = "MOJ-DB: A new database of Arabic historical handwriting and a novel
approach for subwords extraction",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "159",
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "54-60",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373113"}

@article{bb379019,
        AUTHOR = "Shamardan, H. and Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Diacritics Restoration Using Maximum Entropy Language Models",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "2023",
        PAGES = "1227-1231",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373114"}

@article{bb379020,
        AUTHOR = "Kasem, M.S. and Mahmoud, M. and Kang, H.S.",
        TITLE = "Advancements and Challenges in Arabic Optical Character Recognition:
A Comprehensive Survey",
        JOURNAL = Surveys,
        VOLUME = "58",
        YEAR = "2025",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373115"}

@article{bb379021,
        AUTHOR = "Shugaba, F.A. and Sheikh, U.U. and Othman, M.A. and Khamis, N. and Abdulfattah, M.H.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic Text Recognition: A Review of Recent Trends and
Future Direction",
        JOURNAL = IJCV,
        VOLUME = "134",
        YEAR = "2026",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "207",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373116"}

@inproceedings{bb379022,
        AUTHOR = "El Melegy, M. and Abdelbaset, A. and Abdel Hakim, A. and El Sayed, G.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Literal Amounts Using Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = IbPRIA19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "II:169-176",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373117"}

@inproceedings{bb379023,
        AUTHOR = "Boudchiche, M. and Mazroui, A.",
        TITLE = "Improving the Arabic root extraction by using the quadratic splines",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV18,
        YEAR = "2018",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373118"}

@inproceedings{bb379024,
        AUTHOR = "Boufenar, C. and Batouche, M.",
        TITLE = "Investigation on deep learning for off-line handwritten Arabic
Character Recognition using Theano research platform",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV17,
        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373119"}

@inproceedings{bb379025,
        AUTHOR = "Iwata, S. and Ohyama, W. and Wakabayashi, T. and Kimura, F.",
        TITLE = "Recognition and transition frame detection of Arabic news captions
for video retrieval",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "4005-4010",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373120"}

@inproceedings{bb379026,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Hajjej, N. and Touj, S.M. and Mansour, S.B. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Amara, N.E.B.",
        TITLE = "ICPR2016 contest on Arabic Text detection and Recognition in video
frames - AcTiVComp",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "187-191",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373121"}

@inproceedings{bb379027,
        AUTHOR = "Nakkach, H. and Hichri, S. and Haboubi, S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Ontology-Based Approach for Online Arabic Character Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "200-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373122"}

@inproceedings{bb379028,
        AUTHOR = "Nakkach, H. and Hichri, S. and Haboubi, S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid Approach to Features Extraction for Online Arabic Character
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "253-258",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373123"}

@inproceedings{bb379029,
        AUTHOR = "Tounsi, M. and Moalla, I. and Alimi, A.M. and Lebouregois, F.",
        TITLE = "Arabic characters recognition in natural scenes using sparse coding
for feature representations",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1036-1040",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373124"}

@inproceedings{bb379030,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "ALIF: A dataset for Arabic embedded text recognition in TV broadcast",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1221-1225",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373125"}

@inproceedings{bb379031,
        AUTHOR = "Pavlov, V.A. and Shalymov, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten texts clusterization based on Feature Relation
Graph (FRG)",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "941-945",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373126"}

@inproceedings{bb379032,
        AUTHOR = "Scharwachter, E. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "Solving substitution ciphers for OCR with a semi-supervised hidden
Markov model",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "11-15",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373127"}

@inproceedings{bb379033,
        AUTHOR = "Stahlberg, F. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "Detecting dense foreground stripes in Arabic handwriting for accurate
baseline positioning",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "361-365",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373128"}

@inproceedings{bb379034,
        AUTHOR = "Chammas, E. and Mokbel, C. and Likforman Sulem, L.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten document preprocessing and recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "451-455",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373129"}

@inproceedings{bb379035,
        AUTHOR = "Stahlberg, F. and Vogel, S.",
        TITLE = "The QCRI Recognition System for Handwritten Arabic",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "II:276-286",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373130"}

@inproceedings{bb379036,
        AUTHOR = "Elleuch, M. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M.",
        TITLE = "Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "II:371-382",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373131"}

@inproceedings{bb379037,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic text detection in videos using neural and boosting-based
approaches: Application to video indexing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "3028-3032",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373132"}

@inproceedings{bb379038,
        AUTHOR = "Fecker, D. and Asit, A. and Margner, V. and El Sana, J. and Fingscheidt, T.",
        TITLE = "Writer Identification for Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "3050-3055",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373133"}

@inproceedings{bb379039,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M.",
        TITLE = "An Approach for Arabic Handwriting Synthesis Based on Active Shape
Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1260-1264",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373134"}

@inproceedings{bb379040,
        AUTHOR = "Parvez, M.T. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Lexicon Reduction Using Segment Descriptors for Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1265-1269",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373135"}

@inproceedings{bb379041,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and Mousa, A.E.D. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "Open Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Morphological
Decomposition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "280-284",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373136"}

@inproceedings{bb379042,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M.",
        TITLE = "A Locale Group Based Line Segmentation Approach for Non Uniform
Skewed and Curved Arabic Handwritings",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "803-806",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373137"}

@inproceedings{bb379043,
        AUTHOR = "Elzobi, M. and Al Hamadi, A. and Dings, L. and Elmezain, M. and Saeed, A.",
        TITLE = "A Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach with an Adaptive Threshold Model
for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "945-949",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373138"}

@inproceedings{bb379044,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, J.Y. and Prasad, R. and Cao, H.G. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Detecting OOV Names in Arabic Handwritten Data",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "994-998",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373139"}

@inproceedings{bb379045,
        AUTHOR = "Su, B. and Ding, X.Q. and Peng, L.R. and Liu, C.S.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Baseline-independent Feature Set for Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1250-1254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373140"}

@inproceedings{bb379046,
        AUTHOR = "Chtourou, I. and Rouhou, A.C. and Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "ALTID : Arabic/Latin Text Images Database for recognition research",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "836-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373141"}

@inproceedings{bb379047,
        AUTHOR = "Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Database for Arabic Printed Text Recognition Research",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "I:251-259",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373142"}

@inproceedings{bb379048,
        AUTHOR = "Rashwan, A.M. and Kamel, M.S. and Karray, F.",
        TITLE = "An Arabic Optical Character Recognition System Using Restricted
Boltzmann Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = CIARP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "II:108-115",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373143"}

@inproceedings{bb379049,
        AUTHOR = "Li, N. and Xie, X.D. and Liu, W.T. and Lam, K.M.",
        TITLE = "Combination of global and local baseline-independent features for
offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "713-716",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373144"}

@inproceedings{bb379050,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H.G. and Chen, J.Y. and Devlin, J. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Document recognition and translation system for unconstrained Arabic
documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "318-321",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373145"}

@inproceedings{bb379051,
        AUTHOR = "Porwal, U. and Zhou, Y.B. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic text recognition using Deep Belief Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "302-305",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373146"}

@inproceedings{bb379052,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Zayene, O. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R.",
        TITLE = "New features for complex Arabic fonts in cascading recognition system",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "738-741",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373147"}

@inproceedings{bb379053,
        AUTHOR = "Samoud, F.B. and Maddouri, S.S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Three Evaluation Criteria's towards a Comparison of Two Characters
Segmentation Methods for Handwritten Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "774-779",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373148"}

@inproceedings{bb379054,
        AUTHOR = "Hassaine, A. and Maadeed, S.A.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2012 Competition on Writer Identification Challenge 2: Arabic
Scripts",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "835-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373149"}

@inproceedings{bb379055,
        AUTHOR = "Rothacker, L. and Vajda, S. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Bag-of-Features Representations for Offline Handwriting Recognition
Applied to Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "149-154",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373150"}

@inproceedings{bb379056,
        AUTHOR = "Kacem, A. and Aouiti, N. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Structural Features Extraction for Handwritten Arabic Personal Names
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "268-273",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373151"}

@inproceedings{bb379057,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, A. and Kanoun, S. and Khemakhem, M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Arabic Handwritten Text Image Recognition and Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "399-402",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373152"}

@inproceedings{bb379058,
        AUTHOR = "Al Maadeed, S. and Ayouby, W. and Hassaine, A. and Aljaam, J.M.",
        TITLE = "QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "746-751",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373153"}

@inproceedings{bb379059,
        AUTHOR = "Djeddi, C. and Souici Meslati, L. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "493-501",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373154"}

@inproceedings{bb379060,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "A New Efficient Graphemes Segmentation Technique for Offline Arabic
Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "95-100",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373155"}

@inproceedings{bb379061,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM-based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Using New Feature
Extraction and Lexicon Ranking Techniques",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "554-559",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373156"}

@inproceedings{bb379062,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Azeem, S. and Eraqi, H.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwritten Personal Names Recognition System Based on
HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1304-1308",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373157"}

@inproceedings{bb379063,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "An On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System:
Based on a New On-line Graphemes Segmentation Technique",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "409-413",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373158"}

@inproceedings{bb379064,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmed, H. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System Based on HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1324-1328",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373159"}

@inproceedings{bb379065,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Belanger, D. and Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Subramanian, K. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Baseline Dependent Percentile Features for Offline Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "329-333",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373160"}

@inproceedings{bb379066,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Belanger, D. and Rosti, A.V. and Matsoukas, S. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Consensus Network Based Hypotheses Combination for Arabic Offline
Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2861-2864",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373161"}

@inproceedings{bb379067,
        AUTHOR = "Saleem, S. and Cao, H. and Subramanian, K. and Kamali, M. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition
System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "773-777",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373162"}

@inproceedings{bb379068,
        AUTHOR = "Alja'am, J.M. and Jaoua, A. and Bouridane, A.",
        TITLE = "The ICDAR2011 Arabic Writer Identification Contest",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1470-1474",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373163"}

@inproceedings{bb379069,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Impact of Character Models Choice on Arabic Text Recognition
Performance",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "670-675",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373164"}

@inproceedings{bb379070,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Gaussian Mixture Models for Arabic Font Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2174-2177",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373165"}

@inproceedings{bb379071,
        AUTHOR = "Njah, S. and Bezine, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "A New Encoding System: Application to On-line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "451-456",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373166"}

@inproceedings{bb379072,
        AUTHOR = "Boukerma, H. and Farah, N.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Arabic Baseline Estimation Algorithm Based on Sub-Words
Treatment",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "335-338",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373167"}

@inproceedings{bb379073,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2010: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "709-714",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373168"}

@inproceedings{bb379074,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "How to Improve a Handwriting Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1181-1185",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373169"}

@inproceedings{bb379075,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Databases and Competitions:
Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373170"}

@inproceedings{bb379076,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1274-1278",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373171"}

@inproceedings{bb379077,
        AUTHOR = "Lutf, M. and You, X.G. and Li, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1912-1915",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373172"}

@inproceedings{bb379078,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Govindaraju, V. and Cheng, Y.F. and Li, H.P.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Lexicon Reduction Method for Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2865-2868",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373173"}

@inproceedings{bb379079,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Features Integration for On-Line Handwriting Graphemes
Modeling Improvement",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "69-74",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373174"}

@inproceedings{bb379080,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy Segmentation and Graphemes Modeling for Online Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "695-700",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373175"}

@inproceedings{bb379081,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and El Baati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic Handwriting Modeling System Based on the Graphemes
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2061-2064",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373176"}

@inproceedings{bb379082,
        AUTHOR = "Zaki, T. and Mammass, D. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "A Semantic Proximity Based System of Arabic Text Indexation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "419-427",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373177"}

@inproceedings{bb379083,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Hierarchical On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "867-871",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373178"}

@inproceedings{bb379084,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1231-1235",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373179"}

@inproceedings{bb379085,
        AUTHOR = "Daifallah, K. and Zarka, N. and Jamous, H.",
        TITLE = "Recognition-Based Segmentation Algorithm for On-Line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "886-890",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373180"}

@inproceedings{bb379086,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Image Enhancement for Degraded Binary Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "895-899",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373181"}

@inproceedings{bb379087,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Removing Rule-Lines from Binary Handwritten Arabic Document Images
Using Directional Local Profile",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1916-1919",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373182"}

@inproceedings{bb379088,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "A Steerable Directional Local Profile Technique for Extraction of
Handwritten Arabic Text Lines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "176-180",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373183"}

@inproceedings{bb379089,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using
adaptive local connectivity map",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 794-798",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373184"}

@inproceedings{bb379090,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity
normalization",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "I: 473-476",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373185"}

@inproceedings{bb379091,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "793-797",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373186"}

@inproceedings{bb379092,
        AUTHOR = "Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Fast Rule-Line Removal Using Integral Images and Support Vector
Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "584-588",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373187"}

@inproceedings{bb379093,
        AUTHOR = "Abd Almageed, W. and Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic
Handwritten Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "768-772",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373188"}

@inproceedings{bb379094,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "946-950",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373189"}

@inproceedings{bb379095,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Elabed, H. and Benabdelhafid, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised Block Covering Analysis for Text-Line Segmentation of
Arabic Ancient Handwritten Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1929-1932",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373190"}

@inproceedings{bb379096,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Combining of Off-line and On-line Feature Extraction Approaches for
Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1299-1303",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373191"}

@inproceedings{bb379097,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Multi-fractal Modeling for On-line Text-Independent Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "623-627",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373192"}

@inproceedings{bb379098,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fractal and Multi-fractal for Arabic Offline Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3793-3796",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373193"}

@inproceedings{bb379099,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Temporal Order Recovery of the Scanned Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1116-1120",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373194"}

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