@inproceedings{bb379100,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "411-415",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373195"}

@inproceedings{bb379101,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic
Handwritten Writing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "778-782",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373196"}

@inproceedings{bb379102,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and El Abed, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for
Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "201-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373197"}

@inproceedings{bb379103,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "A Framework for the Combination of Different Arabic Handwritten Word
Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1904-1907",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373198"}

@inproceedings{bb379104,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Bougacha, A. and Zahour, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM
Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "743-747",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373199"}

@inproceedings{bb379105,
        AUTHOR = "Haboubi, S. and Maddouri, S. and Ellouze, N. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script:
A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "691-697",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373200"}

@inproceedings{bb379106,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Jonas, S. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373201"}

@inproceedings{bb379107,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Saleem, S. and Kamali, M. and Meermeier, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373202"}

@inproceedings{bb379108,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Belaid, A. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "A novel approach for the recognition of a wide Arabic handwritten word
lexicon",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373203"}

@inproceedings{bb379109,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1108-1112",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373204"}

@inproceedings{bb379110,
        AUTHOR = "Ali, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector
Quantization Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "463-470",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373205"}

@inproceedings{bb379111,
        AUTHOR = "Amrouch, M. and Elyassa, M. and Rachidi, A. and Mammass, D.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition Based on a Hidden
Markov Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "447-454",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373206"}

@inproceedings{bb379112,
        AUTHOR = "Srihari, S.N. and Ball, G.R. and Srinivasan, H.",
        TITLE = "Versatile Search of Scanned Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373207"}

@inproceedings{bb379113,
        AUTHOR = "Abdul Kader, A.",
        TITLE = "A Two-Tier Arabic Offline Handwriting Recognition Based on Conditional
Joining Rules",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373208"}

@inproceedings{bb379114,
        AUTHOR = "Lopresti, D.P. and Nagy, G. and Seth, S.C. and Zhang, X.L.",
        TITLE = "Multi-character Field Recognition for Arabic and Chinese Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373209"}

@inproceedings{bb379115,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "An Approach for Multifont Arabic Characters Features Extraction Based
on Contourlet Transform",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1048-1052",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373210"}

@inproceedings{bb379116,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Taconet, B. and Alimi, A.M. and Benabdelhafid, A.",
        TITLE = "PRAAD: Preprocessing and Analysis Tool for Arabic Ancient Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1058-1062",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373211"}

@inproceedings{bb379117,
        AUTHOR = "Khelifi, B. and Zaghden, N. and Alimi, M.A. and Mullot, R.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on
fractals",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373212"}

@inproceedings{bb379118,
        AUTHOR = "Benjelil, M. and Mullot, R. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Language and Script Identification Based on Steerable Pyramid Features",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "716-721",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373213"}

@inproceedings{bb379119,
        AUTHOR = "Benjelil, M. and Kanoun, S. and Mullot, R. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic and Latin Script Identification in Printed and Handwritten Types
Based on Steerable Pyramid Features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "591-595",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373214"}

@inproceedings{bb379120,
        AUTHOR = "Jlaiel, M.B. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Mullot, R.",
        TITLE = "Three decision levels strategy for Arabic and Latin texts
differentiation in printed and handwritten natures",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1103-1107",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373215"}

@inproceedings{bb379121,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Script and nature differentiation for Arabic and Latin text images",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "309-313",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373216"}

@inproceedings{bb379122,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Linguistic integration information in the aabatas arabic text analysis
system",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "389-394",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373217"}

@inproceedings{bb379123,
        AUTHOR = "Gazzah, S. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the
DWT-Lifting Scheme",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1133-1137",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373218"}

@inproceedings{bb379124,
        AUTHOR = "Zahour, A. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Boussellaa, W. and Taconet, B.",
        TITLE = "Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "138-142",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373219"}

@inproceedings{bb379125,
        AUTHOR = "Bulacu, M. and Schomaker, L.R.B. and Brink, A.A.",
        TITLE = "Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline
Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "769-773",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373220"}

@inproceedings{bb379126,
        AUTHOR = "Attia, M. and El Mahallawy, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram-Based Lines and Words Decomposition for Arabic Omni
Font-Written OCR Systems; Enhancements and Evaluation",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "522-530",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373221"}

@inproceedings{bb379127,
        AUTHOR = "Zheng, L.Y.",
        TITLE = "Machine Printed Arabic Character Recognition Using S-GCM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 893-896",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373222"}

@inproceedings{bb379128,
        AUTHOR = "Farooq, F. and Govindaraju, V. and Perrone, M.",
        TITLE = "Pre-processing methods for handwritten Arabic documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 267-271",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373223"}

@inproceedings{bb379129,
        AUTHOR = "Chan, J. and Ziftci, C. and Forsyth, D.A.",
        TITLE = "Searching Off-line Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 1455-1462",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373224"}

@inproceedings{bb379130,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Combining a hybrid Approach for Features Selection and Hidden Markov
Models in Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = DIAL06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "103-107",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373225"}

@inproceedings{bb379131,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q.",
        TITLE = "Multi-Queue Merging Scheme And Its Application in Arabic Script
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = DIAL06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "24-29",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373226"}

@inproceedings{bb379132,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q. and Wang, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation with Probabilistic
Model",
        BOOKTITLE = DAS06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "402-412",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373227"}

@inproceedings{bb379133,
        AUTHOR = "El Hajj, R. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Mokbel, C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and
hidden Markov modeling",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 893-897",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373228"}

@inproceedings{bb379134,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Slimane, F. and Guesmi, H. and Ingold, R. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic
Decomposable Vocabulary Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "661-665",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373229"}

@inproceedings{bb379135,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Lecourtier, Y.",
        TITLE = "Affixal approach for Arabic decomposable vocabulary recognition a
validation on printed word in only one font",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1025-1029",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373230"}

@inproceedings{bb379136,
        AUTHOR = "Pechwitz, M. and Maergner, V.",
        TITLE = "HMM based approach for handwritten Arabic word recognition using the
IFN/ENIT - database",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "890-894",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373231"}

@inproceedings{bb379137,
        AUTHOR = "Al Ma'adeed, S. and Higgens, C.A. and Elliman, D.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of off-line handwritten Arabic words using hidden Markov
model approach",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "III: 481-484",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373232"}

@inproceedings{bb379138,
        AUTHOR = "Sari, T. and Souici, L. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "Off-line handwritten Arabic character segmentation algorithm: ACSA",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "452-457",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373233"}

@inproceedings{bb379139,
        AUTHOR = "Sari, T. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "MOrpho-LEXical analysis for correcting OCR-genereted arabic words
(MOLEX)",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "461-466",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373234"}

@inproceedings{bb379140,
        AUTHOR = "Pechwitz, M. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "Baseline estimation for Arabic handwritten words",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "479-484",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373235"}

@inproceedings{bb379141,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and Pechwitz, M.",
        TITLE = "Synthetic data for Arabic OCR system development",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "1159-1163",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373236"}

@inproceedings{bb379142,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "SARAT-a system for the recognition of Arabic printed text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "II:561-564",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373237"}

@inproceedings{bb379143,
        AUTHOR = "Al Ma'adeed, S. and Elliman, D. and Higgins, C.A.",
        TITLE = "A data base for arabic handwritten text recognition research",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "485-489",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373238"}

@inproceedings{bb379144,
        AUTHOR = "Al Shaher, A.A. and Hancock, E.R.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Character Recognition Using Structural Shape Decomposition",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "478-486",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373239"}

@inproceedings{bb379145,
        AUTHOR = "Al Shaher, A.A. and Hancock, E.R.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Character Recognition with Shape Mixtures",
        BOOKTITLE = BMVC02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "Poster Session",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373240"}

@inproceedings{bb379146,
        AUTHOR = "Elgammal, A.M. and Ismail, M.A.",
        TITLE = "A Graph-Based Segmentation and Feature-extraction Framework for
Arabic Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "622-626",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373241"}

@inproceedings{bb379147,
        AUTHOR = "Elgammal, A.M. and Ismail, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Techniques for language identification for hybrid Arabic-English
document images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "1100-1104",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373242"}

@inproceedings{bb379148,
        AUTHOR = "Zahour, A. and Taconet, B. and Mercy, P. and Ramdane, S.",
        TITLE = "Arabic hand-written text-line extraction",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "281-285",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373243"}

@inproceedings{bb379149,
        AUTHOR = "Djematene, A. and Taconet, B. and Zahour, A.",
        TITLE = "A Geometrical Method for Printed and Handwritten Berber Character
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "564-567",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373244"}

@inproceedings{bb379150,
        AUTHOR = "Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "An Evolutionary Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Recognize
On-Line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "382-386",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373245"}

@inproceedings{bb379151,
        AUTHOR = "Hassibi, K.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Arabic Machine-Printed Cursive Text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR96,
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "C73.16",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373246"}

@inproceedings{bb379152,
        AUTHOR = "Zidouri, A.B.C. and Chinveeraphan, S. and Sato, M.",
        TITLE = "Structural features by MCR expression for printed Arabic character
recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP95,
        YEAR = "1995",
        PAGES = "557-562",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373247"}

@inproceedings{bb379153,
        AUTHOR = "Douniwa, K. and Chinveeraphan, S. and Sato, M.",
        TITLE = "MCR expression of document images based on maximum matching of
bipartite graph",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "III:117-121",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373248"}

@inproceedings{bb379154,
        AUTHOR = "El Gowely, K. and El Dessouki, O. and Nazif, A.",
        TITLE = "Multi-phase recognition of multifont photoscript Arabic text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR90,
        YEAR = "1990",
        PAGES = "I: 700-702",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373249"}

@inproceedings{bb379155,
        AUTHOR = "Impedovo, S.",
        TITLE = "Plane Curve Classification Through Fourier Descriptors:
An Application to Arabic Hand-Written Numeral Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR84,
        YEAR = "1984",
        PAGES = "1069-1072",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT373250"}

@article{bb379156,
        AUTHOR = "Al Badr, B. and Haralick, R.M.",
        TITLE = "A Segmentation-Free Approach to Text Recognition
Recognition with Application to Arabic Text",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "1",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "147-166",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373251"}

@article{bb379157,
        AUTHOR = "Benouareth, A. and Ennaji, A. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "Semi-continuous HMMs with explicit state duration for unconstrained
Arabic word modeling and recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "1742-1752",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373252"}

@inproceedings{bb379158,
        AUTHOR = "Benouareth, A. and Ennaji, A. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "HMMs with Explicit State Duration Applied to Handwritten Arabic Word
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 897-900",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373253"}

@article{bb379159,
        AUTHOR = "Mohamad, R.A.H. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Mokbel, C.",
        TITLE = "Combining Slanted-Frame Classifiers for Improved HMM-Based Arabic
Handwriting Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "2009",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1165-1177",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373254"}

@inproceedings{bb379160,
        AUTHOR = "Likforman Sulem, L. and Mokbel, C. and Likforman Sulem, L.",
        TITLE = "Combination of HMM-Based Classifiers for the Recognition of Arabic
Handwritten Words",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "959-963",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373255"}

@article{bb379161,
        AUTHOR = "Assabie, Y. and Bigun, J.",
        TITLE = "Offline handwritten Amharic word recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "32",
        YEAR = "2011",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "1089-1099",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373256"}

@inproceedings{bb379162,
        AUTHOR = "Assabie, Y. and Bigun, J.",
        TITLE = "HMM-Based Handwritten Amharic Word Recognition with Feature
Concatenation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "961-965",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373257"}

@inproceedings{bb379163,
        AUTHOR = "Assabie, Y. and Bigun, J.",
        TITLE = "Lexicon-based offline recognition of Amharic words in unconstrained
handwritten text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373258"}

@article{bb379164,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and Hennebert, J. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R.",
        TITLE = "A study on font-family and font-size recognition applied to Arabic word
images at ultra-low resolution",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "209-218",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373259"}

@article{bb379165,
        AUTHOR = "Azeem, S.A. and Ahmed, H.",
        TITLE = "Effective technique for the recognition of offline Arabic handwritten
words using hidden Markov models",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2013",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "399-412",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373260"}

@inproceedings{bb379166,
        AUTHOR = "Azeem, S.A. and Ahmed, H.",
        TITLE = "Effective Technique for the Recognition of Writer Independent Off-Line
Handwritten Arabic Words",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "594-599",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373261"}

@article{bb379167,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Khoury, I. and Andres Ferrer, J. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Handwriting word recognition using windowed Bernoulli HMMs",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "149-156",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373262"}

@inproceedings{bb379168,
        AUTHOR = "Doetsch, P. and Hamdani, M. and Ney, H. and Gimenez, A. and Andres Ferrer, J. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Comparison of Bernoulli and Gaussian HMMs Using a Vertical
Repositioning Technique for Off-Line Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "3-7",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373263"}

@article{bb379169,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Andres Ferrer, J. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Discriminative Bernoulli HMMs for isolated handwritten word
recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "157-168",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373264"}

@inproceedings{bb379170,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Bernoulli HMMs at Subword Level for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = IbPRIA09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "497-504",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373265"}

@article{bb379171,
        AUTHOR = "Khoury, I. and Gimenez, A. and Juan, A. and Andres Ferrer, J.",
        TITLE = "Window repositioning for printed Arabic recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "51",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "86-93",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373266"}

@inproceedings{bb379172,
        AUTHOR = "Khoury, I. and Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Printed Word Recognition Using Windowed Bernoulli HMMs",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "I:330-339",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373267"}

@inproceedings{bb379173,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Khoury, I. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Windowed Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "533-538",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373268"}

@inproceedings{bb379174,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Embedded Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "896-900",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373269"}

@inproceedings{bb379175,
        AUTHOR = "Gimenez, A. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Embedded Bernoulli Mixture HMMs for Continuous Handwritten Text
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "197-204",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373270"}

@article{bb379176,
        AUTHOR = "Khayyat, M. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Learning-based word spotting system for Arabic handwritten documents",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "3",
        PAGES = "1021-1030",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373271"}

@inproceedings{bb379177,
        AUTHOR = "Khayyat, M. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Verification of Hierarchical Classifier Results for Handwritten
Arabic Word Spotting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "572-576",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373272"}

@inproceedings{bb379178,
        AUTHOR = "Khayyat, M. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwritten Word Spotting Using Language Models",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "43-48",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373273"}

@inproceedings{bb379179,
        AUTHOR = "Nobile, N. and He, C.L. and Sagheer, M.W. and Lam, L. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Digit/Symbol Pruning and Verification for Arabic Handwritten
Digit/Symbol Spotting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "648-652",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373274"}

@article{bb379180,
        AUTHOR = "Abandah, G.A. and Jamour, F.T. and Qaralleh, E.A.",
        TITLE = "Recognizing handwritten Arabic words using grapheme segmentation and
recurrent neural networks",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "17",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "275-291",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373275"}

@article{bb379181,
        AUTHOR = "Kacem Echi, A. and Khemiri, A. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "A PGM-based System for Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = ELCVIA,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "2014",
        NUMBER = "3",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373276"}

@inproceedings{bb379182,
        AUTHOR = "Khemiri, A. and Kacem Echi, A. and Belaid, A. and Elloumi, M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwritten words off-line recognition based on HMMs and DBNs",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "51-55",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373277"}

@inproceedings{bb379183,
        AUTHOR = "Belaid, A. and Choisy, C.",
        TITLE = "Human Reading Based Strategies for Off-Line Arabic Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373278"}

@inproceedings{bb379184,
        AUTHOR = "Saon, G. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Off-line handwritten word recognition using a mixed HMM-MRF approach",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "118-122",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373279"}

@article{bb379185,
        AUTHOR = "Sari, T. and Kefali, A. and Bahi, H.",
        TITLE = "Structural feature-based evaluation method of binarization techniques
for word retrieval in the degraded Arabic document images",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "19",
        YEAR = "2016",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "31-47",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373280"}

@article{bb379186,
        AUTHOR = "Kefali, A. and Sari, T.",
        TITLE = "Tool for automatic tuning of binarisation techniques",
        JOURNAL = IET-IPR,
        VOLUME = "12",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2192-2203",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373281"}

@article{bb379187,
        AUTHOR = "Tamen, Z. and Drias, H. and Boughaci, D.",
        TITLE = "An efficient multiple classifier system for Arabic handwritten words
recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "93",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "123-132",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373282"}

@inproceedings{bb379188,
        AUTHOR = "Dounia, R. and Yasssine, K. and Noureddine, E.N.",
        TITLE = "Exploring text representation impact on K-means based arabic text
documents clustering",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV22,
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373283"}

@inproceedings{bb379189,
        AUTHOR = "El Kah, A. and Zeroual, I.",
        TITLE = "Is Arabic text categorization a solved task?",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV22,
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373284"}

@article{bb379190,
        AUTHOR = "Ghilas, H. and Gagaoua, M. and Tari, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Spatial Distribution of Ink at Keypoints (SDIK):
A Novel Feature for Word Spotting in Arabic Documents",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2022",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "2250035",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373285"}

@article{bb379191,
        AUTHOR = "Gaddour, H. and Kanoun, S. and Vincent, N.",
        TITLE = "A New Method for Arabic Text Detection in Natural Scene Images",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "23",
        YEAR = "2023",
        NUMBER = "1 2023",
        PAGES = "2350010",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373286"}

@inproceedings{bb379192,
        AUTHOR = "Elmansouri, M. and Makhfi, N.E. and Aghoutane, B.",
        TITLE = "Toward Classification of Arabic Manuscripts Words Based on the Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV20,
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373287"}

@inproceedings{bb379193,
        AUTHOR = "Belay, B. and Habtegebrial, T. and Liwicki, M. and Belay, G. and Stricker, D.",
        TITLE = "Factored Convolutional Neural Network for Amharic Character Image
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "2906-2910",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373288"}

@inproceedings{bb379194,
        AUTHOR = "Rouhou, A.C. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid HMM/DNN System for Arabic Handwriting Keyword Spotting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "I:216-227",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373289"}

@inproceedings{bb379195,
        AUTHOR = "Rouhou, A.C. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM Based Keyword Spotting System in Printed/Handwritten Arabic/Latin
Documents with Identification Stage",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR19,
        YEAR = "2019",
        PAGES = "I:309-320",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373290"}

@inproceedings{bb379196,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M. and Nurnberger, A.",
        TITLE = "Automatic recognition of common Arabic handwritten words based on OCR
and N-GRAMS",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP17,
        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "3625-3629",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373291"}

@article{bb379197,
        AUTHOR = "Al Nuzaili, Q.A. and Hashim, S.Z.M. and Saeed, F. and Khalil, M.S. and Mohamad, D.B.",
        TITLE = "Pixel distribution-based features for offline Arabic handwritten word
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "7",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "1/2",
        PAGES = "99-122",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373292"}

@inproceedings{bb379198,
        AUTHOR = "El Moubtahij, H. and Halli, A. and Satori, K.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Words Using HMM Toolkit
(HTK)",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "167-171",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373293"}

@inproceedings{bb379199,
        AUTHOR = "Lamtougui, H. and El Moubtahij, H. and Fouadi, H. and Yahyaouy, A. and Satori, K.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Deep Learning:
Comparative Study",
        BOOKTITLE = ISCV20,
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "1-8",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1033aw1.html#TT373294"}