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        AUTHOR = "Cho, H. and Sung, M. and Jun, B.",
        TITLE = "Canny Text Detector: Fast and Robust Scene Text Localization
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        BOOKTITLE = CVPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358801,
        AUTHOR = "Rohrbach, A. and Rohrbach, M. and Hu, R.H. and Darrell, T.J. and Schiele, B.",
        TITLE = "Grounding of Textual Phrases in Images by Reconstruction",
        BOOKTITLE = ECCV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "I: 817-834",
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@inproceedings{bb358802,
        AUTHOR = "Tian, Z. and Huang, W.L. and He, T. and He, P. and Qiao, Y.",
        TITLE = "Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal
Network",
        BOOKTITLE = ECCV16,
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        PAGES = "VIII: 56-72",
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@inproceedings{bb358803,
        AUTHOR = "Anderson, P. and Fernando, B. and Johnson, M. and Gould, S.",
        TITLE = "SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluation",
        BOOKTITLE = ECCV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358804,
        AUTHOR = "Patel, Y. and Gomez, L. and Rusinol, M. and Karatzas, D.",
        TITLE = "Dynamic Lexicon Generation for Natural Scene Images",
        BOOKTITLE = IWRR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358805,
        AUTHOR = "Zhang, L. and Fang, B. and Zhao, X. and Zhang, H.S.",
        TITLE = "Pointer-type meter automatic reading from complex environment based
on visual saliency",
        BOOKTITLE = ICWAPR16,
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@inproceedings{bb358806,
        AUTHOR = "Li, G. and Liu, J. and Zhang, S. and Zheng, Y.",
        TITLE = "Scene text detection with extremal region based cascaded filtering",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358807,
        AUTHOR = "Diaz Escobar, J. and Kober, V.",
        TITLE = "Text Detection in Digital Images Captured with Low Resolution Under
Nonuniform Illumination Conditions",
        BOOKTITLE = MCPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358808,
        AUTHOR = "Baig, A. and Al Maadeed, S. and Bouridane, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Direct Unsupervised Text Line Extraction from Colored Historical
Manuscript Images Using DCT",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIAR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
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@inproceedings{bb358809,
        AUTHOR = "Qin, S. and Manduchi, R.",
        TITLE = "A fast and robust text spotter",
        BOOKTITLE = WACV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "1-8",
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@inproceedings{bb358810,
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        TITLE = "Text detection in stores using a repetition prior",
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        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "1-9",
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@inproceedings{bb358811,
        AUTHOR = "Li, J.M. and Zhang, C.Q. and Sun, Y.P. and Han, J.Y. and Ding, E.",
        TITLE = "Detecting Text in the Wild with Deep Character Embedding Network",
        BOOKTITLE = ACCV18,
        YEAR = "2018",
        PAGES = "IV:501-517",
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@inproceedings{bb358812,
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        TITLE = "TextNet: Irregular Text Reading from Images with an End-to-End
Trainable Network",
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        YEAR = "2018",
        PAGES = "III:83-99",
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@inproceedings{bb358813,
        AUTHOR = "Tian, S. and Pan, Y. and Huang, C. and Lu, S. and Yu, K. and Tan, C.L.",
        TITLE = "Text Flow: A Unified Text Detection System in Natural Scene Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICCV15,
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        PAGES = "4651-4659",
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@inproceedings{bb358814,
        AUTHOR = "Buta, M. and Neumann, L. and Matas, J.G.",
        TITLE = "FASText: Efficient Unconstrained Scene Text Detector",
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        YEAR = "2015",
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@inproceedings{bb358815,
        AUTHOR = "Mehta, R. and Chum, O. and Matas, J.G.",
        TITLE = "Towards visual words to words",
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        YEAR = "2015",
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@inproceedings{bb358816,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, K. and Yin, F. and Hussain, A. and Liu, C.L.",
        TITLE = "Efficient text localization in born-digital images by local
contrast-based segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
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        PAGES = "291-295",
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@inproceedings{bb358817,
        AUTHOR = "Sung, M.C. and Jun, B.J. and Cho, H. and Kim, D.J.",
        TITLE = "Scene text detection with robust character candidate extraction
method",
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        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "426-430",
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@inproceedings{bb358818,
        AUTHOR = "Gao, R. and Eguchi, S. and Uchida, S.",
        TITLE = "True color distributions of scene text and background",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "506-510",
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@inproceedings{bb358819,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, Q.Q. and Lu, Y. and Wen, Y.",
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@inproceedings{bb358820,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, Q.Q. and Lu, Y. and Sun, S.L.",
        TITLE = "Text detection in nature scene images using two-stage nontext
filtering",
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        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "106-110",
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@inproceedings{bb358821,
        AUTHOR = "Zhang, C.Q. and Yao, C. and Shi, B.G. and Bai, X.",
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        PAGES = "886-890",
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@inproceedings{bb358822,
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        TITLE = "Symmetry-based text line detection in natural scenes",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "2558-2567",
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@inproceedings{bb358823,
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@inproceedings{bb358824,
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        TITLE = "A Method for Extracting Text from Stone Inscriptions Using Character
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@inproceedings{bb358825,
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        TITLE = "A Hybrid Approach to Detect Texts in Natural Scenes by Integration of a
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@inproceedings{bb358826,
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        YEAR = "2015",
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@inproceedings{bb358827,
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        TITLE = "Text Localization Based on Fast Feature Pyramids and Multi-Resolution
Maximally Stable Extremal Regions",
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@inproceedings{bb358828,
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        TITLE = "Robust scene text detection using integrated feature discrimination",
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@inproceedings{bb358829,
        AUTHOR = "Inai, K. and Palsson, M. and Frinken, V. and Feng, Y. and Uchida, S.",
        TITLE = "Selective Concealment of Characters for Privacy Protection",
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@inproceedings{bb358830,
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@inproceedings{bb358831,
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@inproceedings{bb358833,
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@inproceedings{bb358834,
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        TITLE = "Spatially Prioritized and Persistent Text Detection and Decoding",
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        YEAR = "2013",
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@inproceedings{bb358835,
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        TITLE = "Scene Text Detection via Integrated Discrimination of Component
Appearance and Consensus",
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        YEAR = "2013",
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@inproceedings{bb358836,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, L. and Fan, W. and He, Y. and Sun, J. and Katsuyama, Y. and Hotta, Y.",
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User-Intention",
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        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "2920-2925",
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@inproceedings{bb358837,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, L. and Katsuyama, Y. and Fan, W. and He, Y. and Sun, J. and Hotta, Y.",
        TITLE = "Text detection in natural scene images with user-intention",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP13,
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        PAGES = "2256-2259",
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@inproceedings{bb358838,
        AUTHOR = "Li, L. and Panichkriangkrai, C. and Hachimura, K.",
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@inproceedings{bb358839,
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        TITLE = "A Pair-Copula Based Scheme for Text Extraction from Digital Images",
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        YEAR = "2013",
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@inproceedings{bb358840,
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        TITLE = "Multilingual Artificial Text Detection Using a Cascade of Transforms",
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        YEAR = "2013",
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@inproceedings{bb358841,
        AUTHOR = "Zhou, Y. and Feild, J.L. and Learned Miller, E.G. and Wang, R.",
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        YEAR = "2013",
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@inproceedings{bb358842,
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@inproceedings{bb358844,
        AUTHOR = "Zagoris, K. and Pratikakis, I.",
        TITLE = "Text Detection in Natural Images Using Bio-inspired Models",
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@inproceedings{bb358845,
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@inproceedings{bb358846,
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@inproceedings{bb358850,
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@inproceedings{bb358851,
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@inproceedings{bb358855,
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@inproceedings{bb358857,
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@inproceedings{bb358858,
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@inproceedings{bb358859,
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@inproceedings{bb358860,
        AUTHOR = "Pan, Y.F. and Zhu, Y.P. and Sun, J. and Naoi, S.",
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@inproceedings{bb358861,
        AUTHOR = "Uchida, S. and Shigeyoshi, Y. and Kunishige, Y. and Yaokai, F.",
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@inproceedings{bb358862,
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@inproceedings{bb358863,
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@inproceedings{bb358864,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, J. and Li, H.P. and Zhang, S. and Liang, W.",
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@inproceedings{bb358865,
        AUTHOR = "Situ, L.J. and Liu, R.Z. and Tan, C.L.",
        TITLE = "Text Localization in Web Images Using Probabilistic Candidate Selection
Model",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1359-1363",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353073"}

@inproceedings{bb358866,
        AUTHOR = "Gao, R. and Shafait, F. and Uchida, S. and Feng, Y.",
        TITLE = "A Hierarchical Visual Saliency Model for Character Detection in Natural
Scenes",
        BOOKTITLE = CBDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "18-29",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353074"}

@inproceedings{bb358867,
        AUTHOR = "Makridis, M. and Mitrakis, N.E. and Nikolaou, N. and Papamarkos, N.",
        TITLE = "Text Extraction Using Component Analysis and Neuro-fuzzy Classification
on Complex Backgrounds",
        BOOKTITLE = SCIA11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "742-751",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353075"}

@inproceedings{bb358868,
        AUTHOR = "Tremeau, A. and Godau, C. and Karaoglu, S. and Muselet, D.",
        TITLE = "Detecting Text in Natural Scenes Based on a Reduction of Photometric
Effects: Problem of Color Invariance",
        BOOKTITLE = CCIW11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "214-229",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353076"}

@inproceedings{bb358869,
        AUTHOR = "Tremeau, A. and Fernando, B. and Karaoglu, S. and Muselet, D.",
        TITLE = "Detecting Text in Natural Scenes Based on a Reduction of Photometric
Effects: Problem of Text Detection",
        BOOKTITLE = CCIW11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "230-244",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353077"}

@inproceedings{bb358870,
        AUTHOR = "Karaoglu, S. and Fernando, B. and Tremeau, A.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Algorithm for Text Detection and Localization in Natural Scene
Images",
        BOOKTITLE = DICTA10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "635-642",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353078"}

@inproceedings{bb358871,
        AUTHOR = "Petter, M. and Fragoso, V. and Turk, M. and Baur, C.",
        TITLE = "Automatic text detection for mobile augmented reality translation",
        BOOKTITLE = IWMV11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "48-55",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353079"}

@inproceedings{bb358872,
        AUTHOR = "Sanketi, P. and Shen, H.Y. and Coughlan, J.M.",
        TITLE = "Localizing blurry and low-resolution text in natural images",
        BOOKTITLE = WACV11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "503-510",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353080"}

@inproceedings{bb358873,
        AUTHOR = "Pan, Y.F. and Liu, C.L. and Hou, X.W.",
        TITLE = "Fast scene text localization by learning-based filtering and
verification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2269-2272",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353081"}

@inproceedings{bb358874,
        AUTHOR = "Mavaddat, N. and Kim, T.K. and Cipolla, R.",
        TITLE = "Design and Evaluation of Features That Best Define Text in Complex
Scene Images",
        BOOKTITLE = MVA09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "94-",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353082"}

@inproceedings{bb358875,
        AUTHOR = "Sun, Q.Y. and Lu, Y. and Sun, S.L.",
        TITLE = "A Visual Attention Based Approach to Text Extraction",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3991-3995",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353083"}

@inproceedings{bb358876,
        AUTHOR = "Jung, I. and Oh, I.S.",
        TITLE = "Local Binary Pattern-Based Features for Text Identification of Web
Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "4320-4323",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353084"}

@inproceedings{bb358877,
        AUTHOR = "Anthimopoulos, M. and Vlissidis, N. and Gatos, B.",
        TITLE = "A Pixel-Based Evaluation Method for Text Detection in Color Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3264-3267",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353085"}

@inproceedings{bb358878,
        AUTHOR = "Anoual, H. and El Fkihi, S. and Jilbab, A. and Aboutajdine, D.",
        TITLE = "New Approach Based on Texture and Geometric Features for Text Detection",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "157-164",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353086"}

@inproceedings{bb358879,
        AUTHOR = "dos Santos Cardoso, J.",
        TITLE = "Stable text line detection",
        BOOKTITLE = WACV09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353087"}

@inproceedings{bb358880,
        AUTHOR = "Halidan, A. and Maitimusha, K. and Yan, Z.",
        TITLE = "Uygur Words Localization in Single Frame Image of Complex Background",
        BOOKTITLE = CISP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353088"}

@inproceedings{bb358881,
        AUTHOR = "Clavelli, A. and Karatzas, D.",
        TITLE = "Text Segmentation in Colour Posters from the Spanish Civil War Era",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "181-185",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353089"}

@inproceedings{bb358882,
        AUTHOR = "Chowdhury, S.P. and Dhar, S. and Das, A.K. and Chanda, B. and McMenemy, K.",
        TITLE = "Robust Extraction of Text from Camera Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1280-1284",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353090"}

@inproceedings{bb358883,
        AUTHOR = "Zini, L. and Destrero, A. and Odone, F.",
        TITLE = "A Classification Architecture Based on Connected Components for Text
Detection in Unconstrained Environments",
        BOOKTITLE = AVSBS09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "176-181",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353091"}

@inproceedings{bb358884,
        AUTHOR = "Hanif, S.M. and Prevost, L.",
        TITLE = "Text Detection and Localization in Complex Scene Images using
Constrained AdaBoost Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353092"}

@inproceedings{bb358885,
        AUTHOR = "Emmanouilidis, C. and Batsalas, C. and Papamarkos, N.",
        TITLE = "Development and Evaluation of Text Localization Techniques Based on
Structural Texture Features and Neural Classifiers",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1270-1274",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353093"}

@inproceedings{bb358886,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, Z.Y. and Sarkar, S.",
        TITLE = "Robust outdoor text detection using text intensity and shape features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353094"}

@inproceedings{bb358887,
        AUTHOR = "Hanif, S.M. and Prevost, L. and Negri, P.A.",
        TITLE = "A cascade detector for text detection in natural scene images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353095"}

@inproceedings{bb358888,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, F. and Peng, X. and Wang, T.J. and Lu, S.F.",
        TITLE = "A density-based approach for text extraction in images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353096"}

@inproceedings{bb358889,
        AUTHOR = "Jafri, S.A.R. and Boutin, M. and Delp, E.J.",
        TITLE = "Automatic text area segmentation in natural images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "3196-3199",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353097"}

@inproceedings{bb358890,
        AUTHOR = "di Stefano, L. and Tombari, F. and Lanza, A. and Mattoccia, S. and Monti, S.",
        TITLE = "Graffiti Detection Using Two Views",
        BOOKTITLE = VS08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353098"}

@inproceedings{bb358891,
        AUTHOR = "Tombari, F. and di Stefano, L. and Mattoccia, S. and Zanetti, A.",
        TITLE = "Graffiti Detection Using a Time-Of-Flight Camera",
        BOOKTITLE = ACIVS08,
        YEAR = "2008",
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@inproceedings{bb358892,
        AUTHOR = "Xu, P.F. and Ji, R.R. and Yao, H.X. and Sun, X.S. and Liu, T.Q. and Liu, X.M.",
        TITLE = "Text Particles Multi-band Fusion for Robust Text Detection",
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        YEAR = "2008",
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@inproceedings{bb358893,
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        TITLE = "Spatial and Color Spaces Combination for Natural Scene Text Extraction",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "985-988",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353101"}

@inproceedings{bb358894,
        AUTHOR = "Shen, H.Y. and Coughlan, J.L.",
        TITLE = "Grouping Using Factor Graphs:
An Approach for Finding Text with a Camera Phone",
        BOOKTITLE = GbRPR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "394-403",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353102"}

@inproceedings{bb358895,
        AUTHOR = "Shen, H.Y. and Coughlan, J.L.",
        TITLE = "Finding Text in Natural Scenes by Figure-Ground Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "IV: 113-118",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353103"}

@inproceedings{bb358896,
        AUTHOR = "Shen, H.Y. and Coughlan, J.L.",
        TITLE = "Reading LCD/LED Displays with a Camera Cell Phone",
        BOOKTITLE = EmbedCV06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "119",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353104"}

@inproceedings{bb358897,
        AUTHOR = "Claudino, L.M.B. and Braga, A.P. and Araujo, A.A. and Oliveira, A.F.",
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        BOOKTITLE = CIAP05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "399-406",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353105"}

@inproceedings{bb358898,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, C.M. and Wang, C.H. and Dai, R.W.",
        TITLE = "Text detection in images based on unsupervised classification of
edge-based features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 610-614",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353106"}

@inproceedings{bb358899,
        AUTHOR = "Bargeron, D. and Viola, P. and Simard, P.Y.",
        TITLE = "Boosting-based transductive learning for text detection",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1166-1171",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char965.html#TT353107"}

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