6.2 Evaluation of Edge Detection Algorithms

Keskes, N., Kretz, F., Maitre, H.,
Statistical Study of Edges in TV Pictures,
Commun(27), 1979, pp. 1239-1247. BibRef 7900

Shaw, G.B.[Gilbert B.],
Local and Regional Edge Detectors: Some Comparisons,
CGIP(9), No. 2, February 1979, pp. 135-149.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 7902

Jernigan, M.E., Wardell, R.W.,
Does the Eye Contain Optimal Edge Detection Mechanism?,
SMC(11), No. 6, June 1981, pp. 441-444. BibRef 8106

Kitchen, L., Rosenfeld, A.,
Edge Evaluation using Local Edge Coherence,
SMC(11), No. 9, September 1981, pp. 597-605. BibRef 8109
Earlier: DARPA81(99-113). Using synthetic images. BibRef

Vossepoel, A.M., Smeulders, A.W.M.,
Vector Code Probability and Metrication Error in the Representation of Straight Lines of Finite Length,
CGIP(20), No. 4, December 1982, pp. 347-364.
Elsevier DOI Length of straight lines. BibRef 8212

Kittler, J.V., Illingworth, J., Paler, K.,
The Magnitude Accuracy of the Template Edge Detector,
PR(16), No. 6, 1983, pp. 607-613.
Elsevier DOI 9611
BibRef

Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.,
Invariant Features of Contrast Detection: An Explanation in Terms of Self-Similar Detector Arrays,
JOSA(72), 1982, pp. 83-87. BibRef 8200

Berzins, V.[Valdis],
Accuracy of Laplacian Edge Detectors,
CVGIP(27), No. 2, August 1984, pp. 195-210.
Elsevier DOI Analysis of
See also Theory of Edge Detection. to get better edges. BibRef 8408

Kittler, J.V.,
On the Accuracy of the Sobel Edge Detector,
IVC(1), No. 1, February 1983, pp. 37-42.
Elsevier DOI
See also Visual Perception by a Computer.
See also Edge Location to Subpixel Values in Digital Imagery. BibRef 8302

Huang, J.S.[Jun S.], Tseng, D.H.[Dong H.],
Statistical Theory of Edge Detection,
CVGIP(43), No. 3, September 1988, pp. 337-346.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 8809

Silverman, B.W., Jennison, C., Stander, J., and Brown, T.C.,
The Specification of Edge Penalties for Regular and Irregular Pixel Images,
PAMI(12), No. 10, October 1990, pp. 1017-1024.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9010

Brzakovic, D., Linkopoulos, A., Hong, L.,
Spline Models for Boundary Detection/Description: Formulation and Performance Evaluation,
GMIP(53), No. 4, July 1991, pp. 392-401. BibRef 9107

Kakarala, R., Hero, A.O.,
On Achievable Accuracy in Edge Localization,
PAMI(14), No. 7, July 1992, pp. 777-781.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9207

Kakarala, R., Iverson, G.J.,
Uniqueness of Results for Multiple Correlations of Periodic Functions,
JOSA-A(10), No. 7, 1993, pp. 1517-1528. BibRef 9300

Lyvers, E.P., Mitchell, O.R.,
Precision Edge Contrast and Orientation Estimation,
PAMI(10), No. 6, November 1988, pp. 927-937.
IEEE DOI A comparison of the accuracy of many different edge detectors. BibRef 8811

Kitchen, L.J., Malin, J.A.,
The Effect of Spatial Discretization of the Magnitude and Direction Response of Simple Differential Edge Operators on a Step Edge,
CVGIP(47), No. 2, August 1989, pp. 243-258.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 8908

Strickland, R.N.[Robin N.], Cheng, D.K.[Dunkai K.],
Adaptable Edge Quality Metric,
OptEng(32), No. 5, May 1993, pp. 944-951. With synthetic images. Difficult to use with curved edges. BibRef 9305

O'Sullivan, F., Qian, M.J.,
A Regularized Contrast Statistic for Object Boundary Estimation: Implementation and Statistical Evaluation,
PAMI(16), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 561-570.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9406

Ronse, C.,
On Idempotence and Related Requirements in Edge Detection,
PAMI(15), No. 5, May 1993, pp. 484-491.
IEEE DOI Analysis of edge detection, without reference to many of the other important edge detection papers. BibRef 9305

Ronse, C.,
The Phase Congruence Model for Edge Detection in Two-Dimensional Pictures: A Mathematical Study,
TRRapport 95/11, 1995, LSIIT - URA 1871, Universite Louis Pasteur. Fourier Descriptors. For the paper:
PS File. For the figures:
PS File. For color figures:
PS File. BibRef 7100

Verbeek, P.W., van Vliet, L.J.,
On The Location Error of Curved Edges in Low-Pass Filtered 2-D and 3-D Images,
PAMI(16), No. 7, July 1994, pp. 726-733.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9407

Dayanand, S., Uttal, W.R., Shepherd, T., Lunskis, C.,
A Particle System Model for Combining Edge Information from Multiple Segmentation Modules,
GMIP(56), No. 3, May 1994, pp. 219-230. Integration, Edge Modules. BibRef 9405

Ziou, D.[Djemel], Fabre, J.P.[Jean-Pierre],
Effects of Edge Orientation on the Performance of 1st-Order Operators,
PRL(15), No. 10, October 1994, pp. 1053-1063. BibRef 9410
Earlier:
Rotation invariance in edge detection,
CAIP93(141-148).
Springer DOI 9309
BibRef

Ziou, D., Fabre, J.P., Wang, S.,
Performance Evaluation of First Order Operators,
ICPR94(A:42-46).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9400

Ziou, D.[Djemel],
The influence of edge direction on the estimation of edge contrast and orientation,
PR(34), No. 4, April 2001, pp. 855-863.
Elsevier DOI 0101
BibRef
Earlier:
Optimal Line Detector,
ICPR00(Vol III: 530-533).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Khvorostov, P.V., Braun, M., Poon, C.S.,
Edge Quality Metric for Arbitrary 2-Dimensional Edges,
OptEng(35), No. 11, November 1996, pp. 3222-3226. 9612
BibRef

Rohr, K.[Karl],
Modelling and Identification of Charateristic Intensity Variations,
IVC(10), No. 2, March 1992, pp. 66-76.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9203

Rohr, K.[Karl], Schnörr, C.[Christoph],
An Efficient Approach to the Identification of Characteristic Intensity Variations,
IVC(11), No. 5, June 1993, pp. 273-277.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9306

Soni, T., Zeidler, J.R., Ku, W.H.,
Performance Evaluation of 2-D Adaptive Prediction Filters for Detection of Small Objects in Image Data,
IP(2), No. 3, July 1993, pp. 327-340.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9307

Lacroix, V.,
Edge Detection: What About Rotation Invariance?,
PRL(11), 1990, pp. 797-802. BibRef 9000

Park, R.H.,
A Fourier Interpretation of the Frei-Chen Edge Masks,
PRL(11), 1990, pp. 631-636.
See also Fast Boundary Detection: A Generalization and a New Algorithm. BibRef 9000

Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
Interpretation of eight-point discrete cosine and sine transforms as 3x3 orthogonal edge masks in terms of the Frei-Chen masks,
PRL(20), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 807-811. BibRef 9908

Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
One-dimensional frequency domain interpretation of compass roof edge and Frei-Chen line masks,
PRL(20), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 281-284.
See also Fast Boundary Detection: A Generalization and a New Algorithm. BibRef 9903

Lancaster, I.T., Elliman, D.G.,
A Comparison of Two Algorithms for Segmentation Using Edge Detection Techniques,
PRL(11), 1990, pp. 175-180.
See also Review of Segmentation and Contextual Analysis Techniques for Text Recognition, A. BibRef 9000

Davies, E.R.,
The Effect of Noise on Edge Orientation Computations,
PRL(6), 1987, pp. 315-322. BibRef 8700

Pal, S.K.,
A Measure of Edge Ambiguity Using Fuzzy Sets,
PRL(4), 1986, pp. 51-56. BibRef 8600

Rohr, K.,
On the Precision in Estimating the Location of Edges and Corners,
JMIV(7), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 7-22.
DOI Link 9703
BibRef

Ramesh, V., Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
Random Perturbation Models for Boundary Extraction Sequence,
MVA(9), No. 5-6, 1997, pp. 229-239.
Springer DOI 9705
BibRef

Steger, C.T.[Carsten T.],
An Unbiased Detector of Curvilinear Structures,
PAMI(20), No. 2, February 1998, pp. 113-125.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9802
And: TRFGBV-96-03, Road Detection. Technische Universitat München, July 1996. An explicit model for curves leads to subpixel accuracy. For tracking roads and medical images. The tech report:
HTML Version. and code:
HTML Version.
See also Model-Based Road Extraction from Images. BibRef

Steger, C.T.[Carsten T.],
Unbiased extraction of lines with parabolic and Gaussian profiles,
CVIU(117), No. 2, February 2013, pp. 97-112.
Elsevier DOI 1301
Feature extraction; Curvilinear structures; Lines; Scale-space; Low-level processing; Medical images BibRef

Steger, C.T.[Carsten T.],
Analytical and Empirical Performance Evaluation of Subpixel Line and Edge Detection,
EEMCV98(xx). BibRef 9800
And: EEMTV98(xx). BibRef

Steger, C.T.,
Removing the Bias from Line Detection,
CVPR97(116-122).
IEEE DOI 9704
Edge locations; detect roads. BibRef

Asada, N.[Naoki], Fujiwara, H.[Hisanaga], Matsuyama, T.[Takashi],
Seeing Behind the Scene: Analysis of Photometric Properties of Occluding Edges by the Reversed Projection Blurring Model,
PAMI(20), No. 2, February 1998, pp. 155-167.
IEEE DOI 9803
BibRef
Earlier: ICCV95(150-155).
IEEE DOI The effects of an occluded edge on how the occluding edge appears. BibRef

Huang, D.W.[Da-Wei], Dunsmuir, W.T.M.[William T.M.],
Computing Joint Distributions of 2D Moving Median Filters with Applications to Detection of Edges,
PAMI(20), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 340-343.
IEEE DOI 9805
BibRef

Staunton, R.C.,
Edge Operator Error Estimation Incorporating Measurements of CCD TV Camera Transfer Function,
VISP(145), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 229-235. 9808
BibRef

Calvo, M.L., Manzanares, A., Chevalier, M., Lakshminarayanan, V.,
Edge image quality assessment: A new formulation for degraded edge imaging,
IVC(16), No. 14, December 1998, pp. 1003-1017.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9812

Wen, W., Xia, A.,
Verifying edges for visual inspection purposes,
PRL(20), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 315-328. BibRef 9903

Gómez Lopera, J.F.[Juan Francisco], Martínez Aroza, J.[José], Robles Pérez, A.M.[Aureliano M.], Román Roldán, R.[Ramón],
An Analysis of Edge Detection by Using the Jensen-Shannon Divergence,
JMIV(13), No. 1, August 2000, pp. 35-56.
DOI Link 0006
BibRef

Román Roldán, R.[Ramón], Gómez Lopera, J.F.[Juan Francisco], Atae Allah, C.[Chakir], Martínez Aroza, J.[José], Luque Escamilla, P.L.[Pedro Luis],
A Measure of Quality for Evaluating Methods of Segmentation and Edge Detection,
PR(34), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 969-980.
Elsevier DOI 0102
BibRef

Gómez Lopera, J.F.[Juan Francisco], Ilhami, N., Luque Escamilla, P.L.[Pedro Luis], Martínez Aroza, J.[José], Roman Roldan, R.,
Improved entropic edge-detection,
CIAP99(180-184).
IEEE DOI 9909
BibRef

Loh, A.W.K., Robey, M.C., West, G.A.W.[Geoff A.W.],
Analysis of the interaction between edge and line finding techniques,
PR(34), No. 6, June 2001, pp. 1127-1146.
Elsevier DOI 0103
BibRef

Cohen, L.D.[Laurent D.],
Guest Editor's Introduction,
JMIV(14), No. 3, May 2001, pp. 193-193. 0106
BibRef

Bruni, C., de Santis, A.[Alberto], Iacoviello, D.[Daniela], Koch, G.,
Modeling for edge detection problems in blurred noisy images,
IP(10), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1447-1453.
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef

Basu, M.,
Gaussian-based edge-detection methods: A Survey,
SMC-C(32), No. 3, August 2002, pp. 252-260.
IEEE Top Reference. 0301
Survey, Edge Detection. BibRef

Peli, E.,
Feature detection algorithm based on a visual system model,
PIEEE(90), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 78-93.
IEEE DOI 0201
BibRef

Yitzhaky, Y.[Yitzhak], Peli, E.,
A method for objective edge detection evaluation and detector parameter selection,
PAMI(25), No. 8, August 2003, pp. 1027-1033.
IEEE Abstract. 0308
Combine different detector results to generate a better overall edge map. BibRef

Koren, R.[Raz], Yitzhaky, Y.[Yitzhak],
Automatic selection of edge detector parameters based on spatial and statistical measures,
CVIU(102), No. 2, May 2006, pp. 204-213.
Elsevier DOI Edge detection evaluation; Saliency 0605
BibRef

Prieto, M.S.[Miguel Segui], Allen, A.R.[Alastair R.],
A similarity metric for edge images,
PAMI(25), No. 10, October 2003, pp. 1265-1273.
IEEE Abstract. 0310
Measures for comparing edge images. The issue is how to compare detected edges. Allow some localization error. Compares results of this one (PCM) to CDM (
See also Edge Detector Evaluation Using Empirical ROC Curves. ), FOM (
See also Qualitative Design and Evaluation of Enhancement/Thresholding Edge Detector. ), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) BibRef

Fernández García, N.L., Medina Carnicer, R., Carmona Poyato, A., Madrid Cuevas, F.J., Prieto Villegas, M.,
Characterization of empirical discrepancy evaluation measures,
PRL(25), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 35-47.
Elsevier DOI 0311
Quality Curve. Compare color edge detectors. BibRef

Staunton, R.C.,
Detected edge position evaluation using measured acquisition system parameters,
PRL(26), No. 11, August 2005, pp. 1609-1619.
Elsevier DOI 0506
BibRef

Fernández-García, N.L.[Nicolás Luis], Carmona-Poyato, Á.[Ángel], Medina-Carnicer, R.[Rafel], Madrid-Cuevas, F.J.[Francisco José],
Automatic generation of consensus ground truth for the comparison of edge detection techniques,
IVC(26), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 496-511.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Consensus ground truth; Empirical discrepancy measurement; Edge detection
See also Dominant point detection: A new proposal. BibRef

Medina-Carnicer, R.[Rafel], Madrid-Cuevas, F.J.[Francisco José], Carmona-Poyato, Á.[Ángel], Munoz-Salinas, R.,
On candidates selection for hysteresis thresholds in edge detection,
PR(42), No. 7, July 2009, pp. 1284-1296.
Elsevier DOI 0903
Edge detection; Hysteresis BibRef

Bouchara, F.[Frédéric], Ramdani, S.[Sofiane],
Statistical behavior of edge detectors,
SIViP(1), No. 3, August 2007, pp. 273-285.
Springer DOI 0803

See also Subpixel edge refinement using deformable models.
See also Estimation of uncertainty for Harris corner detector. BibRef

Medina-Carnicer, R.[Rafel], Carmona-Poyato, Á.[Ángel], Muñoz-Salinas, R., Madrid-Cuevas, F.J.[Francisco José],
Determining Hysteresis Thresholds for Edge Detection by Combining the Advantages and Disadvantages of Thresholding Methods,
IP(19), No. 1, January 2010, pp. 165-173.
IEEE DOI 1001
BibRef

Gimenez, J.[Javier], Martinez, J.[Jorge], Flesia, A.G.[Ana Georgina],
Unsupervised edge map scoring: A statistical complexity approach,
CVIU(122), No. 1, 2014, pp. 131-142.
Elsevier DOI 1404
Unsupervised quality measure BibRef

Tian, J.D.[Jing-Duo], Thacker, N.A.[Neil A.], Stancu, A.[Alexandru],
Quantitative Performance Optimisation for Corner and Edge Based Robotic Vision Systems: A Monte-Carlo Simulation,
ISVC16(II: 544-554).
Springer DOI 1701
BibRef

Terabayashi, K., Oiwa, T., Umeda, K.,
Variation of edge detection uncertainty on fish-eye images,
FCV15(1-4)
IEEE DOI 1506
cameras BibRef

Bansal, A., Kowdle, A., Parikh, D., Gallagher, A., Zitnick, L.,
Which Edges Matter?,
3DRR13(578-585)
IEEE DOI 1403
edge detection BibRef

Hou, X.D.[Xiao-Di], Yuille, A.L.[Alan L.], Koch, C.[Christof],
Boundary Detection Benchmarking: Beyond F-Measures,
CVPR13(2123-2130)
IEEE DOI 1309
Boundary detection; benchmarking; dataset bias BibRef

Joulan, K.[Karine], Hautiere, N.[Nicolas], Bremond, R.[Roland],
A unified CSF-based framework for edge detection and edge visibility,
WBCV11(21-26).
IEEE DOI 1106
BibRef

Moreno, R.[Rodrigo], Puig, D.[Domenec], Julia, C.[Carme], Garcia, M.A.[Miguel Angel],
A new methodology for evaluation of edge detectors,
ICIP09(2157-2160).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Sakaino, H.[Hidetomo], Lu, X.Q.[Xi-Qun],
Dynamic edge detection and analysis by multiple frame based derivative tensor,
ICIP09(2161-2164).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Nomura, A.[Atsushi],
Initial Conditions of Reaction-Diffusion Algorithm Designed for Image Edge Detection,
ICIAR19(I:246-251).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Nomura, A., Ichikawa, M., Okada, K., Miike, H.,
Edge strength evaluation with reaction-diffusion systems,
IVCNZ09(442-447).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Al-Sarraf, A.[Ali], Vaudrey, T.[Tobi], Klette, R.[Reinhard], Woo, Y.W.[Young Woon],
An approach for evaluating robustness of edge operators using real-world driving scenes,
IVCNZ08(1-6).
IEEE DOI 0811
BibRef

Mendonça, P.R.S.[Paulo R.S.], Padfield, D.[Dirk], Miller, J.[James], Turek, M.W.[Matt W.],
Bias in the Localization of Curved Edges,
ECCV04(Vol II: 554-565).
Springer DOI 0405
BibRef

Valverde, F., Guil, N., Muñoz, J., Nishikawa, R., Doi, K.,
An Evaluation Criterion for Edge Detection Techniques in Noisy Images,
ICIP01(I: 766-769).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Sugiyama, T.[Takahiro], Abe, K.[Keiichi],
Edge Detection Method Based on Edge Reliability with Fixed Thresholds: Consideration of Uniformity and Gradation,
ICPR00(Vol III: 656-659).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Yamana, F.[Fumiaki], Sugiyama, T.[Takahiro], Abe, K.[Keiichi],
Edge Plane Detection in Spatio-temporal Images by Using Edge Vector and Edge Reliability,
ICPR00(Vol III: 660-663).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Forbes, L.A.[Lance A.], Draper, B.A.[Bruce A.],
Inconsistencies in Edge Detector Evaluation,
CVPR00(II: 398-404).
IEEE DOI 0005
BibRef

Liu, G.[Gang], Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
Assignment Problem in Edge Detection Performance Evaluation,
CVPR00(I: 26-31).
IEEE DOI 0005
BibRef

Baker, S.[Simon], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Global Measures of Coherence for Edge Detector Evaluation,
CVPR99(II: 373-379).
IEEE Abstract. Code, Edge Detection.
IEEE DOI For code and images:
WWW Link. BibRef 9900

Claridge, E.[Ela],
A Boundary Localisation Algorithm Consistent with Human Visual Perception,
ICPR98(Vol I: 300-304).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Suri, J.S.[Jasjit S.], Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.], Sheehan, F.H.[Florence H.], Jamin, V.[Valerie],
Effect of Edge Detection, Pixel Classification, and Classification-Edge Fusion over LV Calibration: a Two Stage Automatic System,
SCIA97(xx-yy) 9705

HTML Version. BibRef

Cord, M.[Matthieu], Huet, F., Philipp-Foliguet, S.[Sylvie],
Optimal Adjusting of Edge Detectors to Extract at Best Close Contours,
SCIA97(xx-yy) 9705

HTML Version. BibRef

Salotti, M., Garbay, C.,
Evaluation of Edge Detectors: Critics and Proposal,
PERF96(XX-YY).
HTML Version. BibRef 9600

Appenzeller, G., Crowley, J.L.,
Experimental performance characterization of adaptive filters,
ICPR96(II: 417-421).
IEEE DOI 9608
(PRIMA, IMAG, F) BibRef

Beil, W., Stiehl, H.S.,
Comparison of Two Multi-Scale Approaches to Edge Detection in Medical Images,
CVRMed95(XX-YY) BibRef 9500

Beil, W.,
Line detection discrete scale-space,
ICIP94(I: 915-918).
IEEE DOI 9411
BibRef

Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.], Ramesh, V.[Visvanathan],
A Methodology for Automatic Selection of IU Algorithm Tuning Parameters,
ARPA94(I:675-687). BibRef 9400

Wood, S.L.,
A comparison of resolution requirements for boundary estimation from binary and grey scale images,
ICIP94(III: 465-469).
IEEE DOI 9411
BibRef

Kim, H.J., Kim, W., Li, C.C.,
A Performance Study of Two Wavelet-Based Edge Detectors,
ICPR92(III:302-306).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9200

Spreeuwers, L.J., van der Heijden, F.,
Evaluation of Edge Detectors Using Average Risk,
ICPR92(III:771-774).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9200

Sher, D.B.,
The influence of object size on the regions of interest for edge detection: Preliminary Results,
ICPR92(III:294-297).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Ziou, D., Mohr, R.,
An experience on automatic selection of the edge detectors,
ICPR92(III:586-589).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Kasvand, T.,
Step or Jump Edge Detection by Extrapolation,
ICPR86(374-377). BibRef 8600

Bryant, D.J.[David J.], Bouldin, D.W.[Donald W.],
Evaluation of Edge Operators Using Relative and Absolute Grading,
PRIP79(138-145). Subjective ground truth given by hand. BibRef 7900

Chapter on Edge Detection and Analysis, Lines, Segments, Curves, Corners, Hough Transform continues in
Evaluations of Edge Detectors, Multiple Algorithms .