| _ | vocabulary | _ |
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| Action recognition with motion-appearance | vocabulary | forest |
| Active object recognition using | vocabulary | trees |
| Actor-independent action search using spatiotemporal | vocabulary | with appearance hashing |
| Adaptive | vocabulary | Forests for Dynamic Indexing and Category Learning |
| Affixal approach for Arabic decomposable | vocabulary | recognition a validation on printed word in only one font |
| Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic Decomposable | vocabulary | Recognition |
| Aging speech recognition with speaker adaptation techniques: Study on medium | vocabulary | continuous Bengali speech |
| Aligning Bag of Regions for Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection |
| Approach Based on Phonemes to Large | vocabulary | Chinese Sign Language Recognition, An |
| Attention-Based 3D-CNNs for Large- | vocabulary | Sign Language Recognition |
| Automatic Completion of Korean Words for Open | vocabulary | Pen Interface |
| Automatic Dense Annotation of Large- | vocabulary | Sign Language Videos |
| Automatic Target Recognition in Infrared Imagery Using Dense HOG Features and Relevance Grouping of | vocabulary | |
| Being Comes from Not-Being: Open- | vocabulary | Text-to-Motion Generation with Wordless Training |
| Betrayed by Captions: Joint Caption Grounding and Generation for Open | vocabulary | Instance Segmentation |
| Bridging Images and Videos: A Simple Learning Framework for Large | vocabulary | Video Object Detection |
| Building Visual | vocabulary | for Image Indexation and Query Formulation |
| CLIP-DIY: CLIP Dense Inference Yields Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation For-Free |
| Codebook for Writer Characterization: A | vocabulary | of Patterns or a Mere Representation Space? |
| comparative study of several modeling approaches for large | vocabulary | offline recognition of handwritten chinese characters, A |
| Complex wavelet transform with | vocabulary | tree for content based image retrieval |
| Context-Aware Discriminative | vocabulary | Learning for Mobile Landmark Recognition |
| Context-aware | vocabulary | tree for mobile landmark recognition |
| Contextual Weighting for | vocabulary | Tree Based Image Retrieval |
| Continuous sign language recognition: Towards large | vocabulary | statistical recognition systems handling multiple signers |
| Continuous visual | vocabulary | models for pLSA-based scene recognition |
| Contrastive Feature Masking Open- | vocabulary | Vision Transformer |
| CORA: Adapting CLIP for Open- | vocabulary | Detection with Region Prompting and Anchor Pre-Matching |
| Creating word-level language models for large- | vocabulary | handwriting recognition |
| DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignment |
| Discovering Human Interactions with Large- | vocabulary | Objects via Query and Multi-Scale Detection |
| Discriminative and generative | vocabulary | tree for vein image recognition |
| Discriminative and generative | vocabulary | tree: With application to vein image authentication and recognition |
| Distance-Based Multiple Paths Quantization of | vocabulary | Tree for Object and Scene Retrieval |
| Distilling DETR with Visual-Linguistic Knowledge for Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection |
| Distinguishing Photographic Images and Photorealistic Computer Graphics Using Visual | vocabulary | on Local Image Edges |
| distributed scheme for lexicon-driven handwritten word recognition and its application to large | vocabulary | problems, A |
| Document Retrieval with Unlimited | vocabulary | |
| Dual-Layer Visual | vocabulary | Tree Hypotheses for Object Recognition |
| Dynamically Optimized Human Eyes-to-Face Generation via Attribute | vocabulary | |
| EdaDet: Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection Using Early Dense Alignment |
| Efficient Large-scale Image Search With a | vocabulary | Tree |
| Efficient match pair selection for oblique UAV images based on adaptive | vocabulary | tree |
| Encoding Actions via Quantized | vocabulary | of Averaged Silhouettes |
| Enhancing Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation with Prototype Retrieval |
| Experiments on visual loop closing using | vocabulary | trees |
| Exploring Long Tail Visual Relationship Recognition with Large | vocabulary | |
| Exploring Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation from CLIP Vision Encoder Distillation Only |
| Fast script word recognition with very large | vocabulary | |
| Fast Visual | vocabulary | Construction for Image Retrieval Using Skewed-Split k-d Trees |
| ForestDet: Large- | vocabulary | Long-Tailed Object Detection and Instance Segmentation |
| FOSSIL: Free Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation through Synthetic References Retrieval |
| FreeSeg: Unified, Universal and Open- | vocabulary | Image Segmentation |
| Fused intra-bimodal face verification approach based on Scale-Invariant Feature Transform and a | vocabulary | tree |
| General | vocabulary | Based Approach for Fine-Grained Object Recognition, A |
| Generating | vocabulary | for global feature representation towards commerce image retrieval |
| Generic Object Detection, Open World, Open-Set, Open- | vocabulary | |
| Global Knowledge Calibration for Fast Open- | vocabulary | Segmentation |
| Going Denser with Open- | vocabulary | Part Segmentation |
| Hand Gesture Recognition Towards | vocabulary | and Application Independency |
| Handling Out-of- | vocabulary | Words and Recognition Errors Based on Word Linguistic Context for Handwritten Sentence Recognition |
| Handwritten address recognition with open | vocabulary | using character N-grams |
| Human Action Classification Using N-Grams Visual | vocabulary | |
| Human Action Recognition Using Pyramid | vocabulary | Tree |
| Hybrid Decomposition Convolution Neural Network and | vocabulary | Forest for Image Retrieval |
| hybrid large | vocabulary | handwritten word recognition system using neural networks with hidden markov models, A |
| Hybrid Supervised-Unsupervised | vocabulary | Generation Algorithm for Visual Concept Recognition, A |
| Image matching with distinctive visual | vocabulary | |
| Image super-resolution by textural context constrained visual | vocabulary | |
| Improving Closed and Open- | vocabulary | Attribute Prediction Using Transformers |
| Improving Open- | vocabulary | Scene Text Recognition |
| Indexing Large Visual | vocabulary | by Randomized Dimensions Hashing for High Quantization Accuracy: Improving the Object Retrieval Quality |
| Inkball models for character localization and out-of- | vocabulary | word spotting |
| Integrating | vocabulary | clustering with spatial relations for symbol recognition |
| Interactively building a discriminative | vocabulary | of nameable attributes |
| Investigation of Segmental Conditional Random Fields for large | vocabulary | handwriting recognition |
| Joint learning and weighting of visual | vocabulary | for bag-of-feature based tissue classification |
| Joint visual | vocabulary | for animal classification |
| Kernel Eigenvoices (Revisited) for Large- | vocabulary | Speech Recognition |
| L-Sign: Large- | vocabulary | Sign Gestures Recognition System |
| language model using variable length tokens for open- | vocabulary | Hangul text recognition, A |
| Large | vocabulary | Audio-visual Speech Recognition Using Active Shape Models |
| Large | vocabulary | Audio-Visual Speech Recognition Using the Janus Speech Recognition Toolkit |
| Large | vocabulary | Continuous Speech Recognition With Reservoir-Based Acoustic Models |
| Large | vocabulary | quantization for searching instances from videos |
| Large | vocabulary | Recognition Of Online Handwritten Cursive Words |
| Large | vocabulary | Sign Language Recognition Based on Fuzzy Decision Trees |
| Large- | vocabulary | Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on Transition-Movement Models |
| Large- | vocabulary | Continuous Speech Recognition Systems: A Look at Some Recent Advances |
| Leaf | vocabulary | : Fine-Grained Leaf Image Retrieval Using Bag-of-Visual-Words Representation |
| Learning a Fine | vocabulary | |
| Learning Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation Models From Natural Language Supervision |
| Learning the Lexicon from raw texts for open- | vocabulary | Korean word recognition |
| Learning to Detect and Segment for Open | vocabulary | Object Detection |
| Learning to Distribute | vocabulary | Indexing for Scalable Visual Search |
| Learning to Generate Language-Supervised and Open- | vocabulary | Scene Graph Using Pre-Trained Visual-Semantic Space |
| Learning to Prompt for Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection with Vision-Language Model |
| Learning User Representations for Open | vocabulary | Image Hashtag Prediction |
| Leveraging intra-class variations to improve large | vocabulary | gesture recognition |
| Leveraging | vocabulary | tree for simultaneous match pair selection and guided feature matching of UAV images |
| Lexicon-driven HMM decoding for large | vocabulary | handwriting recognition with multiple character models |
| Location Discriminative | vocabulary | Coding for Mobile Landmark Search |
| Low Transmission Overhead Framework of Mobile Visual Search Based on | vocabulary | Decomposition, A |
| LP-OVOD: Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection by Linear Probing |
| LVIS: A Dataset for Large | vocabulary | Instance Segmentation |
| Mask-Free OVIS: Open- | vocabulary | Instance Segmentation without Manual Mask Annotations |
| MasQCLIP for Open- | vocabulary | Universal Image Segmentation |
| Matching and Retrieval Based on the | vocabulary | and Grammar of Color Patterns |
| multimodal attention fusion network with a dynamic | vocabulary | for TextVQA, A |
| Multiple | vocabulary | coding for 3D shape retrieval using Bag of Covariances |
| New Hybrid Approach to Large | vocabulary | Cursive Handwriting Recognition, A |
| NOC-REK: Novel Object Captioning with Retrieved | vocabulary | from External Knowledge |
| Object labeling for recognition using | vocabulary | trees |
| Object Recognition as Machine Translation: Learning a Lexicon for a Fixed Image | vocabulary | |
| Object Retrieval by Query with Sensibility Based on the KANSEI- | vocabulary | Scale |
| Object-Aware Distillation Pyramid for Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection |
| Off-Line Large | vocabulary | Hand-Written Chinese Character Recognizer, An |
| Offline Recognition of Large | vocabulary | Cursive Handwritten Text |
| Omnifont and Unlimited- | vocabulary | OCR for English and Arabic |
| Omnifont Open- | vocabulary | OCR System for English and Arabic, An |
| OmniObject3D: Large- | vocabulary | 3D Object Dataset for Realistic Perception, Reconstruction and Generation |
| On the influence of | vocabulary | size and language models in unconstrained handwritten text recognition |
| On | vocabulary | Reliance in Scene Text Recognition |
| Online Collaborative Learning for Open- | vocabulary | Visual Classifiers |
| Online Handwritten Kannada Word Recognizer with Unrestricted | vocabulary | |
| Online visual | vocabulary | pruning using pairwise constraints |
| Open | vocabulary | Arabic Diacritics Restoration |
| Open | vocabulary | Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Morphological Decomposition |
| Open | vocabulary | Object Detection with Pseudo Bounding-Box Labels |
| Open | vocabulary | Scene Parsing |
| Open | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation with Patch Aligned Contrastive Learning |
| Open-Edit: Open-Domain Image Manipulation with Open- | vocabulary | Instructions |
| Open-NeRF: Towards Open | vocabulary | NeRF Decomposition |
| Open- | vocabulary | 3D Scene Understanding |
| Open- | vocabulary | Attribute Detection |
| Open- | vocabulary | DETR with Conditional Matching |
| Open- | vocabulary | Instance Segmentation via Robust Cross-Modal Pseudo-Labeling |
| Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection Using Captions |
| Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection With an Open Corpus |
| Open- | vocabulary | Object Segmentation with Diffusion Models |
| Open- | vocabulary | One-Stage Detection with Hierarchical Visual-Language Knowledge Distillation |
| Open- | vocabulary | Panoptic Segmentation with Embedding Modulation |
| Open- | vocabulary | Panoptic Segmentation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models |
| Open- | vocabulary | Point-Cloud Object Detection without 3D Annotation |
| Open- | vocabulary | recognition of machine-printed Arabic text using hidden Markov models |
| Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation Using Test-time Distillation |
| Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation with Decoupled One-Pass Network |
| Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation with Mask-adapted CLIP |
| Open- | vocabulary | Video Question Answering: A New Benchmark for Evaluating the Generalizability of Video Question Answering Models |
| Optimal Hand Gesture | vocabulary | Design Using Psycho-Physiological and Technical Factors |
| Optimization framework for learning a hierarchical shape | vocabulary | for object class detection |
| Otitis media | vocabulary | and grammar |
| Out of | vocabulary | word detection and recovery in Arabic handwritten text recognition |
| Out-of- | vocabulary | Challenge Report |
| OvarNet: Towards Open- | vocabulary | Object Attribute Recognition |
| OVTrack: Open- | vocabulary | Multiple Object Tracking |
| Performance prediction for | vocabulary | -supported image retrieval |
| PLA: Language-Driven Open- | vocabulary | 3D Scene Understanding |
| Place recognition by combining multiple feature types with a modified | vocabulary | tree |
| Planar Markovian approach for the recognition of a wide | vocabulary | of Arabic decomposable words |
| PromptDet: Towards Open- | vocabulary | Detection Using Uncurated Images |
| Pruning the | vocabulary | for better context recognition |
| Query-Dependent Performance Optimization for | vocabulary | -Supported Image Retrieval |
| Real Time Large | vocabulary | Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on OP/Viterbi Algorithm |
| Rebuilding Visual | vocabulary | via Spatial-temporal Context Similarity for Video Retrieval |
| Region-Aware Pretraining for Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection with Vision Transformers |
| Relaxing from | vocabulary | : Robust Weakly-Supervised Deep Learning for Vocabulary-Free Image Tagging |
| Relaxing from | vocabulary | : Robust Weakly-Supervised Deep Learning for Vocabulary-Free Image Tagging |
| Robust Visual | vocabulary | Tracking Using Hierarchical Model Fusion |
| SAN: Side Adapter Network for Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation |
| Scalable Recognition with a | vocabulary | Tree |
| Scaling Open- | vocabulary | Image Segmentation with Image-Level Labels |
| Semi-supervised | vocabulary | -Informed Learning |
| Shape | vocabulary | : A Robust and Efficient Shape Representation for Shape Matching |
| Side Adapter Network for Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation |
| Similar Manga Retrieval Using Visual | vocabulary | Based on Regions of Interest |
| Simple Baseline for Open- | vocabulary | Semantic Segmentation with Pre-trained Vision-Language Model, A |
| Simple Framework for Open- | vocabulary | Segmentation and Detection, A |
| Simple Open- | vocabulary | Object Detection |
| Spatial context for visual | vocabulary | construction |
| Speaker adaptation in a large- | vocabulary | Gaussian HMM recognizer |
| study on the use of CDHMM for large | vocabulary | offline recognition of handwritten chinese characters, A |
| Supervised learning of Gaussian mixture models for visual | vocabulary | generation |
| Supervised Visual | vocabulary | with Category Information |
| Symbol Spotting Approach Based on the Vector Model and a Visual | vocabulary | , A |
| Toward a Visual Concept | vocabulary | for GAN Latent Space |
| Towards a more discriminative and semantic visual | vocabulary | |
| Towards a Universal and Limited Visual | vocabulary | |
| Towards Open- | vocabulary | Scene Graph Generation with Prompt-Based Finetuning |
| Towards Open- | vocabulary | Video Instance Segmentation |
| Towards semantic embedding in visual | vocabulary | |
| Transition movement models for large | vocabulary | continuous sign language recognition |
| Tree-Based State Clustering Using Self-Organizing Principles for Large | vocabulary | On-Line Handwriting Recognition |
| Unsupervised approximate-semantic | vocabulary | learning for human action and video classification |
| Unsupervised Open- | vocabulary | Object Localization in Videos |
| Using the Web to Create Dynamic Dictionaries in Handwritten Out-of- | vocabulary | Word Recognition |
| V3Det: Vast | vocabulary | Visual Detection Dataset |
| Visual stem mapping and Geometric Tense coding for Augmented Visual | vocabulary | |
| Visual | vocabulary | for Flower Classification, A |
| Visual | vocabulary | Optimization with Spatial Context for Image Annotation and Classification |
| Visual | vocabulary | Signature For 3d Object Retrieval and Partial Matching |
| Visual | vocabulary | with a Semantic Twist |
| vocabulary | and Grammar of Color Patterns, The |
| vocabulary | for Growth: Topic Modeling of Content Popularity Evolution, A |
| vocabulary | harmonisation for biometrics: The development of ISO/IEC 2382 Part 37 |
| vocabulary | Hierarchy Optimization and Transfer for Scalable Image Search |
| vocabulary | hierarchy optimization for effective and transferable retrieval |
| vocabulary | Reduction in BoW Representing by Topic Modeling |
| vocabulary | Selection for Graph of Words Embedding |
| vocabulary | -Based Approaches for Multiple-Instance Data: A Comparative Study |
| vocabulary | -Informed Zero-Shot and Open-Set Learning |
| vocabulary | -Wide Credit Assignment for Training Image Captioning Models |
| Word-Graph-Based Handwriting Keyword Spotting of Out-of- | vocabulary | Queries |
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