25.4.4.3 Chinese Characters, Japanese Characters, Handwritten

Hildebrandt, T.H.[Thomas H.], Liu, W.T.[Wen-Tai],
Optical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters: Advances since 1980,
PR(26), No. 2, February 1993, pp. 205-225.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Agui, T., and Nagaahashi, H.,
A Description Method of Handprinted Chinese Characters,
PAMI(1), No. 1, January 1979, pp. 20-24. BibRef 7901

Agui, T., and Nagaahashi, H.,
A Coding Method of Chinese Characters,
PAMI(1), No. 4, October 1979, 333-341. BibRef 7910

Ogawa, H.[Hideo], Taniguchi, K.[Keiji],
Preprocessing for Chinese character recognition and global classification of handwritten Chinese characters,
PR(11), No. 1, 1979, pp. 1-7.
Elsevier DOI 0309
Stroke directions. BibRef

Xie, S.L., Suk, M.,
On Machine Recognition of Hand-Printed Chinese Characters by Feature Relaxation,
PR(21), No. 1, 1988, pp. 1-7.
Elsevier DOI Features relate to structural information. BibRef 8800

Sekita, I.[Iwao], Toraichi, K.[Kazuo], Mori, R.[Ryoichi], Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko], Yamada, H.[Hiromitsu],
Feature Extraction of Handwritten Japanese Characters by Spline Functions for Relaxation Matching,
PR(21), No. 1, 1988, pp. 9-17.
Elsevier DOI Spline approximation, stable break points. BibRef 8800

Cheng, F.H.[Fang-Hsuan], Hsu, W.H.[Wen-Hsing], Chen, M.Y.,
Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters by Modified Hough Transform Techniques,
PAMI(11), No. 4, April 1989, pp. 429-439.
IEEE DOI BibRef 8904

Cheng, F.H.[Fang-Hsuan], Hsu, W.H.[Wen-Hsing], Chen, C.A.[Chien-An],
Fuzzy approach to solve the recognition problem of handwritten chinese characters,
PR(22), No. 2, 1989, pp. 133-141.
Elsevier DOI 0309
Strokes BibRef

Zhao, M.[Ming],
Two-dimensional extended attribute grammar method for the recognition of hand-printed chinese characters,
PR(23), No. 7, 1990, pp. 685-695.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Liao, C.W.[Chia-Wei], Huang, J.S.[Jun S.],
A Transformation Invariant Matching Algorithm for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
PR(23), No. 11, 1990, pp. 1167-1188.
Elsevier DOI 0401
Match the radicals. BibRef

Lua, K.T., Gan, K.W.,
Recognizing chinese characters through interactive activation and competition,
PR(23), No. 12, 1990, pp. 1311-1321.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Yamada, H.[Hiromitsu], Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko], Saito, T.[Taiichi],
A Nonlinear Normalization Method for Handprinted Kanji Character Recognition-Line Density Equalization,
PR(23), No. 9, 1990, pp. 1023-1029.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR88(I: 172-175).
IEEE DOI Line density equalization. BibRef

Horiuchi, T., Haruki, R., Yamada, H., Yamamoto, K.,
Two-Dimensional Extension of Nonlinear Normalization Method Using Line Density for Character Recognition,
ICDAR97(511-514).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Yamamoto, K., Yamada, H., Saito, T., Sakaga, I.,
Recognition of Handprinted Characters in the First Level of JIS Chinese Characters,
ICPR86(570-572). BibRef 8600

Lu, S.W.[Si Wei], Ren, Y.[Ying], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Hierarchical attributed graph representation and recognition of handwritten chinese characters,
PR(24), No. 7, 1991, pp. 617-632.
Elsevier DOI 0401
Structural represetation. BibRef

Kumamoto, T.[Tadahiko], Toraichi, K.[Kazuo], Horiuchi, T.[Takahiko], Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko], Yamada, H.[Hiromitsu],
On speeding candidate selection in handprinted chinese character recognition,
PR(24), No. 8, 1991, pp. 793-799.
Elsevier DOI 0401
Selecting candidate. BibRef

Chang, H.D., Wang, J.F.,
Preclassification for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition by a Peripheral Shape Coding Method,
PR(26), No. 5, May 1993, pp. 711-719.
Elsevier DOI Peripheral strokes. BibRef 9305

Pai, H.F.[Hsiao-Fen], Wang, H.C.[Hsiao-Chuan],
A two-dimensional cepstrum approach for the recognition of Mandarin syllable initials,
PR(26), No. 4, April 1993, pp. 569-577.
Elsevier DOI 0401
Speech. BibRef

Tung, C.H.[Cheng-Huang], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian], Tsai, J.Y.[Jeng-Yuh],
Multistage Pre-Candidate Selection In Handwritten Chinese Character-Recognition Systems,
PR(27), No. 8, August 1994, pp. 1093-1102.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9408

Zhao, S.L.[San-Lung], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
High-precision two-kernel Chinese character recognition in general document processing systems,
ICDAR01(617-621).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Lee, S.J., Tsai, H.L.,
Pattern Fusion in Feature Recognition Neural Networks for Handwritten Character-Recognition,
SMC-B(28), No. 4, August 1998, pp. 612-617.
IEEE Top Reference. 9808
BibRef

Wang, A.B.[An-Bang], Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin], Huang, J.S.[Jun S.],
Recognition Of Handwritten Chinese Characters By Modified Relaxation Methods,
IVC(12), No. 8, October 1994, pp. 509-522.
Elsevier DOI Stroke segmentation. BibRef 9410

Chang, H.D., Wang, J.F., Kuo, S.C.,
A Bayesian Neural-Network For Separating Similar Complex Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PRL(15), No. 4, April 1994, pp. 403-408. BibRef 9404

Yong, Y.,
Handprinted Chinese Character Recognition Via Neural Networks,
PRL(7), 1988, pp. 19-25. BibRef 8800

Kimura, F.[Fumitaka], Wakabayashi, T.[Tetsushi], Tsuruoka, S.[Shinji], Miyake, Y.[Yasuji],
Improvement of Handwritten Japanese Character-Recognition Using Weighted Direction Code Histogram,
PR(30), No. 8, August 1997, pp. 1329-1337.
Elsevier DOI 9708
BibRef

Wakabayashi, T.[Tetsushi], Pal, U.[Umapada], Kimura, F.[Fumitaka], Miyake, Y.[Yasuji],
F-ratio Based Weighted Feature Extraction for Similar Shape Character Recognition,
ICDAR09(196-200).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Chiu, H.P., Tseng, D.C.,
Invariant Handwritten Chinese Character-Recognition Using Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Networks,
PRL(18), No. 5, May 1997, pp. 481-491. 9708
BibRef

Tseng, D.C.[Din-Chang], Chin, H.P.[Hung-Pin], Cheng, J.C.[Jen-Chieh],
Invariant Handwritten Chinese Character-Recognition Using Fuzzy Ring Data,
IVC(14), No. 9, October 1996, pp. 647-657.
Elsevier DOI Fuzzy Theory. BibRef 9610

Tseng, D.C., Chiu, H.P.,
Fuzzy Ring Data for Invariant Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
ICPR96(III: 94-98).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Nat. Central Univ., ROC) BibRef

Chiu, H.P., Tseng, D.C.,
A Feature-Preserved Thinning Algorithm for Handwritten Chinese Characters,
ICPR96(III: 235-239).
IEEE DOI 9608
(National Central Univ., ROC) BibRef

Lin, D.S., Leou, J.J.,
A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Chinese Handwriting Normalization,
SMC-B(27), No. 6, December 1997, pp. 999-1007.
IEEE Top Reference. 9712
BibRef

Suganthan, P.N., Yan, H.,
Recognition of Handprinted Chinese Characters by Constrained Graph Matching,
IVC(16), No. 3, March 16 1998, pp. 191-201.
Elsevier DOI 9804
BibRef

Kim, S.Y., Lee, S.W.,
Gray-Scale Nonlinear Shape Normalization Method for Handwritten Oriental Character Recognition,
PRAI(12), No. 1, February 1998, pp. 81-95. 9806
BibRef
Earlier:
Nonlinear Shape Normalization Methods for Gray-Scale Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICDAR97(479-482).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Park, J.S.[Jeong-Seon], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Adaptive Nonlinear Shape-Matching for Unconstrained Handwritten Character-Recognition,
PR(28), No. 8, August 1995, pp. 1223-1235.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9508

Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan], Park, J.S.[Jeong-Seon],
Nonlinear Shape Normalization Methods for the Recognition of Large-Set Handwritten Characters,
PR(27), No. 7, July 1994, pp. 895-902.
Elsevier DOI Shape features for characters. BibRef 9407

Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan], Song, H.H.[Hee-Heon],
Optimal-Design of Reference Models for Large-Set Handwritten Character-Recognition,
PR(27), No. 9, September 1994, pp. 1267-1274.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9409

Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan], Park, J.S.[Jeong-Seon], Tang, Y.,
Performance Evaluation of Nonlinear Shape Normalization Methods for the Recognition of Large-Set Handwritten Characters,
ICDAR93(402-407). BibRef 9300
And: ISRI1993. UNLV, Las Vegas, NV. BibRef

Park, H.S.[Hee-Seon], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Truly 2-D hidden Markov model for off-line handwritten character recognition,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1849-1864.
Elsevier DOI Extend 1D HMM to 2D BibRef 9812

Park, H.S.[Hee-Seon], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Off-Line Recognition of Large-Set Handwritten Characters with Multiple Hidden Markov-Models,
PR(29), No. 2, February 1996, pp. 231-244.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9602

Tang, Y.Y., Tu, L.T., Liu, J.M., Lee, S.W., Lin, W.W., Shyu, I.S.,
Offline Recognition of Chinese Handwriting by Multifeature and Multilevel Classification,
PAMI(20), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 556-561.
IEEE DOI 9806
BibRef

Mizukami, Y.,
A Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition System Using Hierarchical Displacement Extraction Based on Directional Features,
PRL(19), No. 7, May 1998, pp. 595-604. 9808
BibRef

Mizukami, Y.[Yoshiki], Koga, K.[Kazutoshi],
Handwritten Chinese character recognition using displacement extraction based on directional features,
CIAP97(II: 655-662).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef
Earlier:
A Handwritten Character Recognition System Using Hierarchical Displacement Extraction Algorithm,
ICPR96(III: 160-164).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Yamaguchi Univ., J) BibRef

Wong, P.K., Chan, C.K.,
Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition as a Compound Bayes Decision Problem,
PAMI(20), No. 9, September 1998, pp. 1016-1023.
IEEE DOI 9809
BibRef
Earlier:
An Off-Line Large Vocabulary Hand-Written Chinese Character Recognizer,
ICIP97(III: 324-327).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Wong, P.K., Chan, C.,
Postprocessing Statistical Language Models for a Handwritten Chinese Character Recognizer,
SMC-B(29), No. 2, April 1999, pp. 286.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9904

Amin, A.[Adnan], Singh, S.[Sameer],
Recognition of Hand-printed Chinese Characters Using Decision Trees/Machine Learning C4.5 System,
PAA(1), No. 2, 1998, pp. 130-141. BibRef 9800

Amin, A., Bemford, M., Hoffmann, A., Mahidadia, A., Compton, P.,
A Knowledge Acquisition Technique for Recognizing Handprinted Chinese Characters,
ICPR96(III: 254-258).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Univ. of New South Wales, AUS) BibRef

Amin, A., Sammut, C., and Sum, K.C.,
Learning to recognize Hand-printed Chinese characters using Inductive Logic Programming,
PRAI(10), No. 7, 1996, pp. 829-847. BibRef 9600

Amin, A., Kim, S.G., Sammut, C.,
Hand-Printed Chinese Character Recognition via Machine Learning,
ICDAR97(190-194).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Leung, C.H., Tam, W.C., Cheung, Y.S.,
Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by elastic matching,
IVC(16), No. 14, December 1998, pp. 979-988.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9812

Chan, K.P., Cheung, Y.S.,
Fuzzy-Attribute Graph with application to Chinese Character Recognition,
SMC(22), No. 2, 1992, pp. 402-410. BibRef 9200

Wakahara, T.[Toru], Kimura, Y.[Yoshimasoa],
Toward robust handwritten Kanji character recognition,
PRL(20), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 979-990. 9911
BibRef

Xue, J.L.[Jun-Liang], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Zhang, R.[Rui], Qian, W.W.[Wei-Wei],
Location and interpretation of destination addresses on handwritten Chinese envelopes,
PRL(22), No. 6-7, May 2001, pp. 639-656.
Elsevier DOI 0105
BibRef

Jiang, Y.[Yan], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Fu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Ren, Z.[Zheng],
Application of Bi-gram Driven Chinese Handwritten Character Segmentation for an Address Reading System,
DAS06(220-231).
Springer DOI 0602
BibRef
And:
Context Driven Chinese String Segmentation and Recognition,
SSPR06(127-135).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef

Jiang, Y.[Yan], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Ren, Z.[Zheng],
Substring Alignment Method for Lexicon Based Handwritten Chinese String Recognition and Its Application to Address Line Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 683-686).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Fu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Ding, X.Q., Liu, T.[Tong], Jiang, Y.[Yan], Ren, Z.[Zheng],
A Novel Segmentation and Recognition Algorithm for Chinese Handwritten Address Character Strings,
ICPR06(II: 974-977).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Jiang, Y., Ding, X.Q., Ren, Z.,
A Suffix Tree Based Handwritten Chinese Address Recognition System,
ICDAR07(292-296).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Wang, Y.W.[Yan-Wei], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Topic Language Model Adaption for Recognition of Homologous Offline Handwritten Chinese Text Image,
SPLetters(21), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 550-553.
IEEE DOI 1404
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Similar Pattern Discriminant Analysis for Improving Chinese Character Recognition Accuracy,
ICDAR13(1056-1060)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwritten character recognition. character recognition BibRef

Jiang, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Wang, Y.W.[Yan-Wei],
A Novel Short Merged Off-line Handwritten Chinese Character String Segmentation Algorithm Using Hidden Markov Model,
ICDAR11(668-672).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Fu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Jiang, Y.[Yan], Ren, Z.[Zheng],
A hidden Markov model based segmentation and recognition algorithm for Chinese handwritten address character strings,
ICDAR05(II: 590-594).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Chung, F.L.[Fu-Lai], Ip, W.W.S.,
Complex character decomposition using deformable model,
SMC-C(31), No. 1, February 2001, pp. 126-132.
IEEE Top Reference. 0106
BibRef

Tsang, C.K.Y., Chung, F.L.,
A Structural Deformable Model with Application to Post-recognition of Handwritings,
ICPR00(Vol II: 129-132).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Xiong, Y.[Yan], Huo, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Chan, C.[Chorkin],
A Discrete Contextual Stochastic Model for the Offline Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PAMI(23), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 774-782.
IEEE DOI BibRef 0107

Zhao, S.Y.[Shu-Yan], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Shi, P.F.[Pen-Fei], Yan, H.[Hong],
Two-stage segmentation of unconstrained handwritten Chinese characters,
PR(36), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 145-156.
Elsevier DOI 0210
BibRef
Earlier:
Handwritten Chinese character segmentation using a two-stage approach,
ICDAR01(179-183).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Koga, M.[Masashi], Fujisawa, H.[Hiromichi],
Lexicon-Driven Segmentation and Recognition of Handwritten Character Strings for Japanese Address Reading,
PAMI(24), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 1425-1437.
IEEE Abstract. 0211
Application, Mail sorting. BibRef
Earlier:
Lexicon-driven handwritten character string recognition for Japanese address reading,
ICDAR01(877-881).
IEEE DOI 0109
Store the possible address phrases (111,349 of them), recognize them as a whole. 83.68% correct. BibRef

Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong],
An approach for real-time recognition of online Chinese handwritten sentences,
PR(45), No. 10, October 2012, pp. 3661-3675.
Elsevier DOI 1206
Online Chinese handwritten sentence recognition; Real-time recognition; Dynamic text line segmentation; Dynamic over-segmentation; Dynamic candidate lattice; Path search BibRef

Yin, F.[Fei], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Transcript mapping for handwritten Chinese documents by integrating character recognition model and geometric context,
PR(46), No. 10, October 2013, pp. 2807-2818.
Elsevier DOI 1306
Transcript mapping; Minimum classification error (MCE); Dynamic time warping (DTW); Confidence transformation (CT); Geometric context BibRef

Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Dynamic Text Line Segmentation for Real-Time Recognition of Chinese Handwritten Sentences,
ICDAR11(931-935).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Error Reduction by Confusing Characters Discrimination for Online Handwritten Japanese Character Recognition,
FHR10(495-500).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Tian, F.[Feng], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Handwritten Chinese/Japanese Text Recognition Using Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields,
PAMI(35), No. 10, 2013, pp. 2413-2426.
IEEE DOI 1309
Character recognition BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Zhang, Y.M.[Yan-Ming], Tian, F.[Feng], Wang, H.A.[Hong-An], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Minimum-risk training for semi-Markov conditional random fields with application to handwritten Chinese/Japanese text recognition,
PR(47), No. 5, 2014, pp. 1904-1916.
Elsevier DOI 1402
Semi-Markov conditional random fields BibRef

Delaye, A.[Adrien], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Contextual text/non-text stroke classification in online handwritten notes with conditional random fields,
PR(47), No. 3, 2014, pp. 959-968.
Elsevier DOI 1312
Online handwritten documents BibRef

Delaye, A.[Adrien], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Multi-class segmentation of free-form online documents with tree conditional random fields,
IJDAR(17), No. 4, December 2014, pp. 313-329.
WWW Link. 1411
BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Tian, F.[Feng], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Wang, H.A.[Hong-An],
Minimum Risk Training for Handwritten Chinese/Japanese Text Recognition Using Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR13(940-944)
IEEE DOI 1312
Markov processes BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Yin, F.[Fei], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Transcript Mapping for Handwritten Text Lines Using Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR11(58-62).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Zhu, B.L.[Bi-Lan], Gao, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Objective Function Design for MCE-Based Combination of On-line and Off-line Character Recognizers for On-line Handwritten Japanese Text Recognition,
ICDAR11(594-598).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Phan, T.V.[Truyen Van], Gao, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Zhu, B.L.[Bi-Lan], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Effects of Line Densities on Nonlinear Normalization for Online Handwritten Japanese Character Recognition,
ICDAR11(834-838).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Online Handwritten Japanese Character String Recognition Using Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR09(521-525).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Zhou, X.D., Yu, J.L., Liu, C.L., Nagasaki, T., Marukawa, K.,
Online Handwritten Japanese Character String Recognition Incorporating Geometric Context,
ICDAR07(48-52).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Kagehiro, T., Koga, M., Sako, H., Fujisawa, H.,
Segmentation of Handwritten Kanji Numerals Integrating Peripheral Information by Bayesian Rule,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Koga, M.[Masashi], Kagehiro, T.[Tatsuhiko], Sako, H.[Hiroshi], Fujisawa, H.[Hiromichi],
Segmentation of Japanese Handwritten Characters Using Peripheral Feature Analysis,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1137-1141).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Li, Y.X.[Yuan-Xiang], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Contextual post-processing based on the confusion matrix in offline handwritten Chinese script recognition,
PR(37), No. 9, September 2004, pp. 1901-1912.
Elsevier DOI 0407
Candidate sets. BibRef

Wang, Y.W.[Yan-Wei], Fu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Importance sampling based discriminative learning for large scale offline handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(48), No. 4, 2015, pp. 1225-1234.
Elsevier DOI 1502
Importance sampling BibRef

Wang, Y.W.[Yan-Wei], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
MQDF Discriminative Learning Based Offline Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
ICDAR11(1100-1104).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, H.L.[Hai-Long],
Segmentation-Driven Offline Handwritten Chinese and Arabic Script Recognition,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Improve Handwritten Character Recognition Performance by Heteroscedastic Linear Discriminant Analysis,
ICPR06(I: 880-883).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Handwritten character recognition using gradient feature and quadratic classifier with multiple discrimination schemes,
ICDAR05(I: 19-23).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Zhang, R.[Rui], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing],
Minimum classification error training for handwritten character recognition,
ICPR02(I: 580-583).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Yao, Z.B.[Zheng-Bin], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
On-line handwritten Chinese word recognition based on lexicon,
ICPR06(II: 320-323).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Chen, Y., Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wu, Y.,
Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Based on Crossing Line Feature,
ICDAR97(206-210).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Ishidera, E.[Eiki], Nishiwaki, D.[Daisuke], Sato, A.[Atsushi],
A confidence value estimation method for handwritten Kanji character recognition and its application to candidate reduction,
IJDAR(6), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 263-270.
Springer DOI 0406
BibRef

Ishidera, E., Sato, A.,
A candidate reduction method for handwritten Kanji character recognition,
ICDAR01(8-13).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Ishidera, E., Nishiwaki, D., Yamada, K.,
Unconstrained Japanese Address Recognition Using a Combination of Spatial Information and Word Knowledge,
ICDAR97(1016-1022).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Dong, J.X.[Jian-Xiong], Krzyzak, A.[Adam], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
An Improved Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition System Using Support Vector Machine,
PRL(26), No. 12, September 2005, pp. 1849-1856.
Elsevier DOI 0508
BibRef
Earlier:
A multi-net local learning framework for pattern recognition,
ICDAR01(328-332).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Dong, J.X.[Jian-Xiong], Krzyzak, A.[Adam], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Fast SVM Training Algorithm with Decomposition on Very Large Data Sets,
PAMI(27), No. 4, April 2005, pp. 603-618.
IEEE Abstract. 0501
Scales better than Libsvm, SMVlight, SVMtorch. BibRef

Su, T.H.[Tong-Hua], Zhang, T.W.[Tian-Wen], Guan, D.J.[De-Jun],
Corpus-based HIT-MW database for offline recognition of general-purpose Chinese handwritten text,
IJDAR(10), No. 1, June 2007, pp. 27-38.
Springer DOI 0707
BibRef

Su, T.H.[Tong-Hua], Zhang, T.W.[Tian-Wen], Guan, D.J.[De-Jun], Huang, H.J.[Hu-Jie],
Gabor-Based Recognizer for Chinese Handwriting from Segmentation-Free Strategy,
CAIP07(539-546).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Sun, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Wang, L.L.[Li-Lun], Lim, S.H.[Shiau Hong], DeJong, G.[Gerald],
Robustness through prior knowledge: using explanation-based learning to distinguish handwritten Chinese characters,
IJDAR(10), No. 3-4, December 2007, pp. 175-186.
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef

Lim, S.H.[Shiau Hong], Wang, L.L.[Li-Lun], DeJong, G.[Gerald],
Integrating prior domain knowledge into discriminative learning using automatic model construction and phantom examples,
PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3231-3240.
Elsevier DOI 0909
Classification; Handwritten Chinese characters; Model construction BibRef

Han, C.C.[Chin-Chuan], Chou, C.H.[Chih-Hsun], Wu, C.S.[Chung-Shiou],
An interactive grading and learning system for chinese calligraphy,
MVA(19), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 43-55.
Springer DOI 0801
BibRef

Zeng, J.[Jia], Liu, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qiang],
Markov Random Field-Based Statistical Character Structure Modeling for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
PAMI(30), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 767-780.
IEEE DOI 0803
BibRef
Earlier:
Stroke Segmentation of Chinese Characters Using Markov Random Fields,
ICPR06(I: 868-871).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
And:
Type-2 Fuzzy Markov Random Fields to Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICPR06(I: 1162-65).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Markov random fields for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 101-105).
IEEE DOI 0508
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Elsevier DOI 0806
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Earlier:
Building Compact MQDF Classifier for Off-line Handwritten Chinese Characters by Subspace Distribution Sharing,
ICDAR07(909-913).
IEEE DOI 0709
Compact classifier; Modified quadratic discriminant function; Handwritten character recognition; Large character set; Subspace distribution sharing BibRef

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ICDAR07(914-918).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Yang, D., Jin, L.W., Zhen, L.X., Huang, J.C.,
Finger-Written Chinese Characters Recognition Using Hierarchical LDA,
ICDAR07(322-326).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Tao, D.P.[Da-Peng], Liang, L.Y.[Ling-Yu], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], Gao, Y.[Yan],
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Similar Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Discriminative Locality Alignment Manifold Learning,
ICDAR11(1012-1016).
IEEE DOI 1111
Similar handwritten Chinese character recognition BibRef

Gao, T.F.[Tian-Fu], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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PR(41), No. 11, November 2008, pp. 3442-3451.
Elsevier DOI 0808
BibRef
Earlier:
LDA-Based Compound Distance for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
ICDAR07(904-908).
IEEE DOI 0709
Handwritten Chinese character recognition; LDA; Compound distance; Compound Mahalanobis function BibRef

Zhou, M.K.[Ming-Ke], Yin, F.[Fei], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
GPU-Based Fast Training of Discriminative Learning Quadratic Discriminant Function for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
ICDAR13(842-846)
IEEE DOI 1312
graphics processing units
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Zhou, M.K.[Ming-Ke], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao], Yin, F.[Fei], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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PR(49), No. 1, 2016, pp. 7-18.
Elsevier DOI 1511
BibRef
Earlier:
Improving Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition with Discriminative Quadratic Feature Extraction,
ICPR14(244-249)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy
See also Normalization-Cooperated Gradient Feature Extraction for Handwritten Character Recognition. Handwritten Chinese character recognition BibRef

Zhong, Z., Zhang, X.Y., Yin, F., Liu, C.L.,
Handwritten Chinese character recognition with spatial transformer and deep residual networks,
ICPR16(3440-3445)
IEEE DOI 1705
Character recognition, Data models, Generators, Neural networks, Robustness, Shape, Transforms BibRef

Gao, T.F.[Tian-Fu], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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SSPR06(732-740).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef
And:
High Accuracy Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Quadratic Classifiers with Discriminative Feature Extraction,
ICPR06(II: 942-945).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Liu, C.L., Kim, I.J., Kim, J.H.,
High Accuracy Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition by Improved Feature Matching Method,
ICDAR97(1033-1037).
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Su, T.H.[Tong-Hua], Zhang, T.W.[Tian-Wen], Guan, D.J.[De-Jun], Huang, H.J.[Hu-Jie],
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PR(42), No. 1, January 2009, pp. 167-182.
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Optical character recognition; Chinese handwriting recognition; Sliding window; Hidden Markov Model; Segmentation-free strategy; Classifier combination BibRef

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JVCIR(20), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 84-96.
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Latent Style Model; Calligraphic style; Style representation; Style similarity; Calligraphic style browser BibRef

Wu, Y.F.[Ying-Fei], Zhuang, Y.T.[Yue-Ting], Pan, Y.H.[Yun-He], Wu, J.Q.[Jiang-Qin], Wu, F.[Fei],
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MIRAGE07(105-116).
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PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3146-3157.
Elsevier DOI 0909
Handwritten text line segmentation; Clustering; Minimal spanning tree (MST); Distance metric learning; Hypervolume reduction BibRef

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PR(43), No. 3, March 2010, pp. 949-961.
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Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters by Combining Regularization, Fisher's Discriminant and Distorted Sample Generation,
ICDAR09(1026-1030).
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Handwritten Chinese character recognition; Regularization; Fisher's linear discriminant; Distorted sample; Confusing pair; ETL-9B database BibRef

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Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition by Integrating Multiple Contexts,
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IEEE DOI 1206
BibRef
Earlier:
Improving Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition by Confidence Transformation,
ICDAR11(518-522).
IEEE DOI 1111

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Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Learning confidence transformation for handwritten Chinese text recognition,
IJDAR(17), No. 3, September 2014, pp. 205-219.
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ICPR12(3208-3211).
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Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Yin, F.[Fei], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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PR(47), No. 3, 2014, pp. 1202-1216.
Elsevier DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
Integrating Language Model in Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition,
ICDAR09(1036-1040).
IEEE DOI 0907
Character string recognition BibRef

Wu, Y.C.[Yi-Chao], Yin, F.[Fei], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
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PR(65), No. 1, 2017, pp. 251-264.
Elsevier DOI 1702
BibRef
Earlier:
Evaluation of neural network language models in handwritten Chinese text recognition,
ICDAR15(166-170)
IEEE DOI 1511
handwritten Chinese text recognition BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Yin, F.[Fei], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng],
Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: Benchmarking on new databases,
PR(46), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 155-162.
Elsevier DOI 1209
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Earlier:
CASIA Online and Offline Chinese Handwriting Databases,
ICDAR11(37-41).
IEEE DOI 1111
Dataset, OCR. Handwritten Chinese character recognition; Online; Offline; Databases; Benchmarking
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Handwriting recognition BibRef

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FHR12(548-553).
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Cheng, C.[Cheng], Zhu, B.L.[Bi-Lan], Chen, X.R.[Xiao-Rong], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
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ICDAR09(863-866).
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A Digital Ink Recogntion Server for Handwritten Japanese Text,
ICDAR11(146-150).
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ICDAR11(663-667).
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Li, N.X.[Nan-Xi], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
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Shao, Y.X.[Yun-Xue], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
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IJDAR(16), No. 4, December 2013, pp. 387-397.
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Shao, Y.X.[Yun-Xue], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
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Zhang, Y.[Yang], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua], Shi, C.Z.[Cun-Zhao],
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Shao, Y.X.[Yun-Xue], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua], Zhang, R.G.[Rong-Guo], Zhang, Y.[Yang],
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ICDAR11(1002-1006).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Online handwritten Chinese character recognition BibRef

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ICPR16(1137-1140)
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Locality-sensitive sparse representation based classification, Handwritten Chinese character recognition. Encoding, Handwriting recognition, Training BibRef

Qu, X.[Xiwen], Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiang], Lu, K.[Ke], Xu, N.[Ning],
In-air handwritten Chinese character recognition using multi-stage classifier based on adaptive discriminative locality alignment,
ICIP15(4793-4797)
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MVA15(130-133)
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Li, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yuan], Teng, N.[Nanjun], Jin, M.[Min], Lu, H.X.[Hua-Xiang],
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Offline handwritten Chinese text recognition, Writer-aware CNN, Parsimonious HMM, State tying, Adaptation, Hybrid language model BibRef

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Signature Detection, Restoration, and Verification: A Novel Chinese Document Signature Forgery Detection Benchmark,
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ICDAR01(631-634).
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Pairwise Coupling for Machine Recognition of Hand-Printed Japanese Characters,
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Handwritten Kanji Recognition with Determinant Normalized Quadratic Discriminant Function,
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Hidden Markov Random Field Based Approach for Off-line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
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A Neural Network Based Classifier for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
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ICDAR97(568-571).
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Recognizing Components of Handwritten Chinese Characters by Attributed Relational Graphs with Stable Features,
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Off-line Chinese Signature Verification,
ICIP96(II: 205-207).
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ICIP94(III: 940-944).
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A Similarity Measure for On-line Handprinted Kanji Character Recognition,
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A segmentation method for handwritten Japanese character lines based on transitional information,
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Classification of Handprinted Chinese Characters Using Non-Linear Normalization And Correlation Methods,
ICPR88(I: 168-171).
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Li, B., Zhao, S.,
A New Approach to Recognition of Both Handwritten and Multi-Font Printed Chinese Characters,
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Maeda, Y., Yoda, F., Matsuura, K., Nambu, H.,
Character Segmentation in Japanese Hand-Written Document Images,
ICPR86(769-772). BibRef 8600

Kawatani, T., Tsutsumida, T., Akamatsu, S., Nakajima, N.,
A New Precise Recognition Method for Handprinted Kanji,
CVPR85(538-543). BibRef 8500

Yamamoto, K., Yamada, H., Saito, T., Oka, R.I.,
Recognition of Handprinted Chinese Characters and Japanese Cursive Syllabary,
ICPR84(385-388). BibRef 8400
And: A1, A2, Only:
Recognition of Hand-printed Chinese Characters and the Japanese Cursive Syllabary,
SDIA92(xx-yy). 0905
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Naito, S., Hagita, N., and Masuda, I.,
Handprinted Kanji Recogniton by Feature Matching Methods and Its Application to Personal OCR,
CVPR83(297-302). BibRef 8300

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Online Recognition of Chinese Characters .