25.4.4.2 Chinese Characters, Using Stroke and Radical Analysis, Features

Chapter Contents (Back)
OCR. Stroke Based. Character Recognition. Chinese Character Recognition.

Kobaysahi, K., Yoda, F., Yamamoto, K., Nambu, H.,
Recognition of Handprinted Kanji Characters by the Stroke Matching Method,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 481-488. BibRef 8300

Zhang, X., Xia, Y.,
The Automatic Recognition of Handprinted Chinese Characters: A Method of Extracting an Ordered Sequence of Strokes,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 259-265. BibRef 8300

Yamashita, Y., Higuchi, K., Yamada, Y., Haga, Y.,
Classification of Handprinted Kanji Characters by Structured Segment Matching,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 475-479. BibRef 8300

Leung, C.H., Cheung, Y.S., Wong, Y.L.,
A Knowledge-Based Stroke-Matching Method for Chinese Character Recognition,
SMC(17), 1987, pp. 993-1003. BibRef 8700

Chen, P.N., Chen, Y.S., Hsu, W.H.,
Stroke Relation Coding: A New Approach to the Recognition of Multi-Font Printed Chinese Characters,
PRAI(2), 1988, pp. 149-160. BibRef 8800

Liao, C.W.[Chia-Wei], Huang, J.S.[Jun S.],
Stroke Segmentation by Bernstein-Bezier Curve Fitting,
PR(23), No. 5, 1990, pp. 475-484.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Ju, R.H.[Rong-Hauh], Jou, I.C.[I-Chang], Tsay, M.K.[Mu-King],
Zooming techniques on digital Chinese character patterns: a further study and improvement,
IVC(9), No. 3, June 1991, pp. 194-200.
Elsevier DOI 0401
DCT for zooming. BibRef

Tseng, L.Y., Chuang, C.T.,
An efficient knowledge-based stroke extraction method for multi-font chinese characters,
PR(25), No. 12, December 1992, pp. 1445-1458.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Hsieh, C.C.[Chen-Chiung], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Off-line recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by on-line model-guided matching,
PR(25), No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1337-1352.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef
And:
A probabilistic stroke-based Viterbi algorithm for handwritten Chinese characters recognition,
ICPR92(II:191-194).
IEEE DOI 9208
Structural matching BibRef

Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian], Chen, B.[Bin],
Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters via Short Line Segments,
PR(25), No. 5, May 1992, pp. 543-552.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9205

Cheng, F.H.[Fang-Hsuan], Hsu, W.H.[Wen-Hsing], Kuo, M.C.[Ming-Chuan],
Recognition of handprinted chinese characters via stroke relaxation,
PR(26), No. 4, April 1993, pp. 579-593.
Elsevier DOI 0401
sub stroke neighborhoods. BibRef

Cheng, F.H.[Fang-Hsuan],
Multi-Stroke Relaxation Matching Method For Handwritten Chinese Character-Recognition,
PR(31), No. 4, April 1998, pp. 401-410.
Elsevier DOI 9803
Substrokes. BibRef

Cheng, R.H., Lee, C.W., Chen, Z.,
Preclassification of Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Basic Stroke Substructures,
PRL(16), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1023-1032. BibRef 9510

Wang, A.B.[An-Bang], Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin], Wu, W.H.[Wei-Hsien],
Recursive Hierarchical Radical Extraction for Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PR(30), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 1213-1227.
Elsevier DOI 9707
BibRef
Earlier:
A Recursive Hierarchical Scheme for Radical Extraction of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
ICPR96(III: 240-244).
IEEE DOI 9608
(National Central Univ., ROC) BibRef

Wang, A.B.[An-Bang], Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin],
Optical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by hierarchical radical matching method,
PR(34), No. 1, January 2001, pp. 15-35.
Elsevier DOI 0010
BibRef

Lee, C.N.[Chung-Nan], Wu, B.H.[Bo-Hom],
A Chinese Character Stroke Extraction Algorithm Based on Contour Information,
PR(31), No. 6, June 1998, pp. 651-663.
Elsevier DOI 9806
BibRef

Lee, C.N.[Chung-Nan], Wu, B.H.[Bo-Hom], Huang, W.C.,
Integration of Multiple Levels of Contour Information for Chinese-Character Stroke Extraction,
ICDAR97(584-587).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Chang, H.H., Yan, H.,
Analysis of Stroke Structures of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
SMC-B(29), No. 1, February 1999, pp. 47-61.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9902

Kim, J.W.[Jin Wook], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Choi, B.J.[Bong Joon], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Decomposition of Chinese character into strokes using mathematical morphology,
PRL(20), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 285-292 BibRef 9903

Chiu, H.P.[Hung-Pin], Tseng, D.C.[Din-Chang],
A novel stroke-based feature extraction for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(32), No. 12, December 1999, pp. 1947-1959.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9912

Tseng, Y.H.[Yi-Hong], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Recognition-based handwritten Chinese character segmentation using a probabilistic Viterbi algorithm,
PRL(20), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 791-806. BibRef 9908

Liu, K.[Ke], Huang, Y.S.[Yea S.], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Identification of Fork Points on the Skeletons of Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PAMI(21), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 1095-1100. 799914 BibRef 9910
Earlier:
Robust stroke segmentation method for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR97(211-215).
IEEE DOI 9708
Stroke extraction for recognition. BibRef

Tang, Y.Y., Suen, C.Y.,
Extraction of peripheral shape features in Chinese character recognition,
ICPR94(B:377-379).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef

He, R.[Rong], Yan, H.[Hong],
Stroke extraction as pre-processing step to improve thinning results of Chinese characters,
PRL(21), No. 9, August 2000, pp. 817-825. 0008
BibRef

Fan, K.C.[Kuo-Chin], Wu, W.H.[Wei-Hsien],
A Run-length Coding Based Approach to Stroke Extraction of Chinese Characters,
PR(33), No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1881-1895.
Elsevier DOI 0011
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR00(Vol II: 565-568).
IEEE DOI 0009
Stroke coding to avoid thinning. BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin H.],
Model-based stroke extraction and matching for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(34), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 2339-2352.
Elsevier DOI 0110

See also Hierarchical random graph representation of handwritten characters and its application to Hangul recognition. BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Marukawa, K.[Katsumi],
Pseudo two-dimensional shape normalization methods for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2242-2255.
Elsevier DOI 0510
BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition: Effects of Shape Normalization and Feature Extraction,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef

Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Sako, H.[Hiroshi], Fujisawa, H.[Hiromichi],
Handwritten Numeral String Recognition: Effects of Character Normalization and Feature Extraction,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 8, August 2005, pp. 1791-1798.
DOI Link 0508
BibRef
Earlier:
Handwritten Chinese character recognition: Alternatives to nonlinear normalization,
ICDAR03(524-528).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef
Earlier:
Learning Quadratic Discriminant Function for Handwritten Character Classification,
ICPR02(IV: 44-47).
IEEE DOI 0211

See also GPU-Based Fast Training of Discriminative Learning Quadratic Discriminant Function for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition. BibRef

Zhou, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
A robust approach to text line grouping in online handwritten Japanese documents,
PR(42), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2077-2088.
Elsevier DOI 0905
Online handwritten documents; Text line grouping; MCE training; Temporal merge; Spatial merge BibRef

Fujisawa, H., Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Directional pattern matching for character recognition revisited,
ICDAR03(794-798).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung],
Statistical character structure modeling and its application to handwritten Chinese character recognition,
PAMI(25), No. 11, November 2003, pp. 1422-1436.
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Kim, I.J.[In-Jung], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung],
Pair-wise discrimination based on a stroke importance measure,
PR(35), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 2259-2266.
Elsevier DOI 0206
Pairwise, focus on what is really different, not writing style differences. BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
A novel stroke extraction method for Chinese characters using Gabor filters,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 635-647.
Elsevier DOI 0301
BibRef

Shi, D.M.[Da-Ming], Gunn, S.R.[Steve R.], Damper, R.I.[Robert I.],
Handwritten Chinese character recognition using nonlinear active shape models and the Viterbi algorithm,
PRL(23), No. 14, December 2002, pp. 1853-1862.
Elsevier DOI 0208
BibRef

Shi, D.M.[Da-Ming], Gunn, S.R.[Steve R.], Damper, R.I.[Robert I.],
Handwritten chinese radical recognition using nonlinear active shape models,
PAMI(25), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 277-280.
IEEE DOI 0301
BibRef
Earlier:
A Radical Approach to Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Active Handwriting Models,
CVPR01(I:670-675).
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef
And:
Active radical modeling for handwritten Chinese characters,
ICDAR01(236-240).
IEEE DOI 0109
First extract the basic shapes (radicals), nonlinear active shape models. BibRef

Shi, D., Ng, G.S., Damper, R.I., Gunn, S.R.,
Radical recognition of handwritten Chinese characters using GA-based kernel active shape modelling,
VISP(152), No. 5, October 2005, pp. 634-638.
DOI Link 0512
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A4, A3:
Nonlinear active handwriting models and their applications to handwritten Chinese radical recognition,
ICDAR03(534-538).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
A Learning Process to the Identification of Feature Points on Chinese Characters,
SMC-A(33), No. 3, May 2003, pp. 386-395.
IEEE Abstract. 0309
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR02(III: 93-97).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Yang, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Zhu, B.L.[Bi-Lan], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Structuring Search Space for Accelerating Large Set Character Recognition,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 8, August 2005, pp. 1799-1806.
DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Yang, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Layered Search Spaces for Accelerating Large Set Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1006-1009).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Yang, Y.P.[Yi-Ping], Velek, O., Nakagawa, M.,
Accelerating large character set recognition using pivots,
ICDAR03(262-267).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Wong, S.T.S.[Sam T.S.], Leung, H.[Howard], Ip, H.H.S.[Horace H.S.],
Model-based analysis of Chinese calligraphy images,
CVIU(109), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 69-85.
Elsevier DOI 0801
BibRef
Earlier:
Brush Writing Style Classification from Individual Chinese Characters,
ICPR06(I: 884-887).
IEEE DOI 0609
Virtual Brush; Model-based analysis; Chinese calligraphy images; Automatic brush parameter estimation BibRef

Su, Z.W.[Zhe-Wen], Cao, Z.S.[Zhong-Sheng], Wang, Y.Z.[Yuan-Zhen],
Stroke extraction based on ambiguous zone detection: a preprocessing step to recover dynamic information from handwritten Chinese characters,
IJDAR(12), No. 2, July 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Zhang, X.F.[Xia-Fen], Zhuang, Y.T.[Yue-Ting],
Dynamic Time Warping for Chinese calligraphic character matching and recognizing,
PRL(33), No. 16, 1 December 2012, pp. 2262-2269.
Elsevier DOI 1210
Dynamic Time Warping; Chinese calligraphy; Character matching BibRef

Nagy, G.[George], Zhang, X.F.[Xia-Fen],
CalliGUI: Interactive Labeling of Calligraphic Character Images,
ICDAR11(977-981).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Kise, K.[Koichi], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Liwicki, M.[Marcus],
Data Embedding into Characters,
IEICE(E98-D), No. 1, January 2015, pp. 10-20.
WWW Link. 1503
BibRef

Liwicki, M.[Marcus], Akira, Y.[Yoshida], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Kise, K.[Koichi],
Reliable Online Stroke Recovery from Offline Data with the Data-Embedding Pen,
ICDAR11(1384-1388).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Wang, S.[Song], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Liwicki, M.[Marcus],
Part-based method on handwritten texts,
ICPR12(339-342).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Shi, C.Z.[Cun-Zhao], Gao, S.[Song], Liu, M.T.[Meng-Tao], Qi, C.Z.[Cheng-Zuo], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
Stroke Detector and Structure Based Models for Character Recognition: A Comparative Study,
IP(24), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 4952-4964.
IEEE DOI 1512
handwritten character recognition BibRef

Nguyen, C.T.[Cuong Tuan], Nguyen, H.T.[Hung Tuan], Mita, K.[Kazuhiro], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Robust and real-time stroke order evaluation using incremental stroke context for learners to write Kanji characters correctly,
PRL(121), 2019, pp. 140-149.
Elsevier DOI 1904
BibRef

Zhang, J.S.[Jian-Shu], Du, J.[Jun], Dai, L.R.[Li-Rong],
Radical analysis network for learning hierarchies of Chinese characters,
PR(103), 2020, pp. 107305.
Elsevier DOI 2005
Radical, Attention, Chinese character, Few-/zero-shot learning BibRef

Yang, C.[Chen], Wang, Q.[Qing], Du, J.[Jun], Zhang, J.S.[Jian-Shu], Wu, C.J.[Chang-Jie], Wang, J.M.[Jia-Ming],
A Transformer-based Radical Analysis Network for Chinese Character Recognition,
ICPR21(3714-3719)
IEEE DOI 2105
Handwriting recognition, Visualization, Image recognition, Databases, Text recognition, Training data, Predictive models, Attention BibRef

Li, Y.Q.[Yun-Qing], Zhu, Y.X.[Yi-Xing], Du, J.[Jun], Wu, C.J.[Chang-Jie], Zhang, J.S.[Jian-Shu],
Radical Counter Network for Robust Chinese Character Recognition,
ICPR21(4191-4197)
IEEE DOI 2105
Visualization, Feature extraction, Robustness, Decoding, Complexity theory, Character recognition, robustness BibRef

Cao, Z.[Zhong], Cui, S.[Sen], Zhang, C.S.[Chang-Shui],
DCR: Disentangled component representation for sketch generation,
PRL(145), 2021, pp. 16-22.
Elsevier DOI 2104
Disentangled representation, Sketch generation, Attention mechanism BibRef

Wang, T.Q.[Tie-Qiang], Jiang, X.Y.[Xiao-Yi], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Query Pixel Guided Stroke Extraction with Model-Based Matching for Offline Handwritten Chinese Characters,
PR(123), 2022, pp. 108416.
Elsevier DOI 2112
Stroke extraction, Conditional fully convolutional network, PathNet, Stroke matching, Tree search BibRef

Luo, G.F.[Guo-Feng], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Du, X.[Xia], Yin, H.Y.[Hua-Yi], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao], Zhu, S.Z.[Shun-Zhi],
Self-information of radicals: A new clue for zero-shot Chinese character recognition,
PR(140), 2023, pp. 109598.
Elsevier DOI 2305
Chinese character recognition, Zero-shot learning, Self-information of radicals, Radical information embedding BibRef

Ishikawa, T.[Takuru], Miyazaki, T.[Tomo], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro],
Japanese historical character recognition by focusing on character parts,
PR(148), 2024, pp. 110181.
Elsevier DOI 2402
Historical document analysis, Japanese historical character, Learning character parts, Few-shot, Zero-shot recognition BibRef


Luo, G.F.[Guo-Feng], Yin, H.Y.[Hua-Yi], Wang, D.H.[Da-Han], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao], Zhu, S.Z.[Shun-Zhi],
Critical Radical Analysis Network for Chinese Character Recognition,
ICPR22(2878-2884)
IEEE DOI 2212
Training, Analytical models, Uncertainty, Dictionaries, Target recognition, Computational modeling, BibRef

Shu, J.[Jian], Chen, Y.H.[Yue-Hui], Cao, Y.[Yi], Zhao, Y.[Yaou],
Extraction and Merging of Stroke Structure of Chinese Characters,
ISVC21(I:157-165).
Springer DOI 2112
BibRef

Wang, W.G.[Wen-Guang], Lian, Z.H.[Zhou-Hui], Tang, Y.M.[Ying-Min], Xiao, J.G.[Jian-Guo],
Deepstroke: Understanding Glyph Structure with Semantic Segmentation and Tabu Search,
MMMod20(I:353-364).
Springer DOI 2003
BibRef

Xu, Z., Liang, Y., Zhang, Q., Dong, L., Izquierdo, E.,
Decomposition and matching: Towards efficient automatic Chinese character stroke extraction,
VCIP16(1-4)
IEEE DOI 1701
Context BibRef

Wang, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liang, X.H.[Xiao-Hui], Sun, L.J.[Lin-Jia], Liu, M.[Min],
Triangular Mesh Based Stroke Segmentation for Chinese Calligraphy,
ICDAR13(1155-1159)
IEEE DOI 1312
character recognition BibRef

Li, R.S.[Rong-Sha], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Xun, E.D.[En-Dong], Wei, N.[Nan],
A Stroke Order Verification Method for On-Line Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Tempo-spatial Consistency Analysis,
ICDAR13(999-1003)
IEEE DOI 1312
computational complexity BibRef

Lu, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Tang, Z.[Zhi], Liu, Y.[Yan], Gao, L.C.[Liang-Cai], Wang, T.[Ting], Wang, Z.P.[Zhi-Peng],
Stroke-Based Character Segmentation of Low-Quality Images on Ancient Chinese Tablet,
ICDAR13(240-244)
IEEE DOI 1312
character recognition BibRef

Teja, S.P., Namboodiri, A.M.,
A Ballistic Stroke Representation of Online Handwriting for Recognition,
ICDAR13(857-861)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwriting recognition BibRef

Hu, B.[Bing], Liao, S.[Simon],
Chinese Character Recognition by Krawtchouk Moment Features,
ICIAR13(711-716).
Springer DOI 1307
BibRef

Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Ishida, R.[Ryosuke], Yoshida, A.[Akira], Cai, W.J.[Wen-Jie], Feng, Y.[Yaokai],
Character Image Patterns as Big Data,
FHR12(479-484).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Iwakiri, Y.[Yutaro], Shiraishi, S.[Soma], Feng, Y.[Yaokai], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
On the Possibility of Instance-Based Stroke Recovery,
FHR12(29-34).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Nagoya, T.[Takayuki], Fujioka, H.[Hiroyuki],
Recovering Dynamic Stroke Information of Multi-stroke Handwritten Characters with Complex Patterns,
FHR12(722-727).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Tan, J.[Jun], Lai, J.H.[Jian-Huang], Zheng, W.S.[Wei-Shi], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
A Novel Approach for Stroke Extraction of Off-Line Chinese Handwritten Characters Based on Optimum Paths,
FHR12(786-790).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Wang, K.J.[Ke-Jia], Zhang, H.G.[Hong-Gang], Ping, Z.L.[Zi-Liang], Hai-Ying,
Chinese Chess Character Recognition with Radial Harmonic Fourier Moments,
ICDAR11(1369-1373).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Wen, X.[Xing],
Chinese Paleography, Calligraphy, and Pattern Recognition: Styles and Scripts in Excavated Ancient Chinese Documents,
ICDAR11(951-956).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Low, J.H.[Jing-Hong], Wong, C.O.[Chee-Onn], Kim, K.[Kirak], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Han, E.J.[Eun-Jung], Yang, H.K.[Hwang-Kyu],
Using Skeletonization and Shortest Skeleton Path Approach for Chinese Character Representation,
DICTA08(472-479).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Liu, M.Y.[Ming-You], Huang, J.[Jian], Duan, C.S.[Cheng-Sen], Pi, Y.G.[You-Guo],
Acquiring the Mapping Knowledge of Basic Elements Based on PSO in the Chinese Character Intelligent Information,
CISP09(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0910
BibRef

Xia, W.P.[Wei-Ping], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
A Kai Style Calligraphic Beautification Method for Handwriting Chinese Character,
ICDAR09(798-802).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Liu, X., Jia, Y.,
Character Stroke Extraction Based on B-spline Curve Matching by Constrained Alternating Optimization,
ICDAR07(13-17).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Jin, L., Zu, X.,
Synthesis of Chinese Character Using Affine Transformation,
ICDAR07(218-222).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Zhou, X.D., Liu, C.L., Quiniou, S.[Solen], Anquetil, E.[Eric],
Text/Non-text Ink Stroke Classification in Japanese Handwriting Based on Markov Random Fields,
ICDAR07(377-381).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Su, T.H., Zhang, T.W., Huang, H.J., Zhou, Y.,
Skew Detection for Chinese Handwriting by Horizontal Stroke Histogram,
ICDAR07(899-903).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Ota, I.[Ikumi], Yamamoto, R.[Ryo], Nishimoto, T.[Takuya], Sagayama, S.[Shigeki],
On-line handwritten Kanji string recognition based on grammar description of character structures,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Ota, I., Yamamoto, R., Sako, S., Sagayama, S.,
Online Handwritten Kanji Recognition Based on Inter-stroke Grammar,
ICDAR07(1188-1192).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Soong, F.,
Minimum Error Discriminative Training for Radical-Based Online Chinese Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR07(53-57).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Bai, Z.L.[Zhen-Long], Huo, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
A study on the use of 8-directional features for online handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 262-266).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Lam, Y.K.[Yat-Kin], Huo, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
A data structure using hashing and tries for efficient Chinese lexical access,
ICDAR05(I: 506-510).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Cao, H.[Hong], Kot, A.C.,
Online Structure Based Chinese Character Pre-Classification,
ICPR04(II: 395-398).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Su, Y.M.[Yih-Ming], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
Decomposing chinese characters into stroke segments using SOGD filters and orientation normalization,
ICPR04(II: 351-354).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Nishimura, H., Timikawa, T.,
Off-line character recognition using on-line character writing information,
ICDAR03(168-172).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Nakai, M., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Generation of hierarchical dictionary for stroke-order free Kanji handwriting recognition based on substroke HMM,
ICDAR03(514-518).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Shimodaira, H., Sudo, T., Nakai, M., Sagayama, S.,
On-line overlaid-handwriting recognition based on substroke HMMs,
ICDAR03(1043-1047).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Nakai, M., Sudo, T., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Pen pressure features for writer-independent on-line handwriting recognition based on substroke HMM,
ICPR02(III: 220-223).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Tokuno, J., Inami, N., Matsuda, S., Nakai, M., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Context-dependent substroke model for HMM-based on-line handwriting recognition,
FHR02(78-83).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Nakai, M., Akira, N., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.,
Substroke approach to HMM-based on-line Kanji handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(491-495).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Mi, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Xu, J.[Jie], Tang, M.[Min], Dong, J.X.[Jin-Xiang],
The droplet virtual brush for Chinese calligraphic character modeling,
WACV02(330-334).
IEEE DOI 0303
BibRef

Velek, O.[Ondrej], Nakagawa, M.[Masaki],
Using Stroke-Number-Characteristics for Improving Efficiency of Combined Online and Offline Japanese Character Classifiers,
DAS02(115 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Lin, F.[Feng], Tang, X.[Xiaoou],
Off-line handwritten chinese character stroke extraction,
ICPR02(III: 249-252).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Matic, N.P., Platt, J.C., Wang, T.,
Quickstroke: an incremental on-line Chinese handwriting recognition system,
ICPR02(III: 435-439).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Tan, C.K.[Chwee Keng],
An algorithm for on-line strokes verification of chinese characters using discrete features,
FHR02(339-344).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Cao, R., Tan, C.L.,
A Model of Stroke Extraction from Chinese Character Images,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 368-371).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Yang, H.M.[Hsi-Ming], Lu, J.J.[Jainn-Jyh], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
A Bezier curve-based approach to shape description for Chinese calligraphy characters,
ICDAR01(276-280).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Gao, X.[Xue], Wen, W.H.[Wen-Huan], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
A New Feature Optimization Method Based on Two-Directional 2DLDA for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition,
ICDAR11(232-236).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Gao, X.[Xue], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], Yin, J.X.[Jun-Xun], Huang, J.C.[Jian-Cheng],
A new stroke-based directional feature extraction approach for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR01(635-639).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Wang, Q.[Qing], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Feng, D.D., Zhao, R.C.[Rong-Chun],
Match between normalization schemes and feature sets for handwritten Chinese character recognition,
ICDAR01(551-555).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Velek, O., Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin], Nakagawa, M.,
Generating realistic Kanji character images from on-line patterns,
ICDAR01(556-560).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Ip, W.W.S., Chung, K.F.L., Yeung, D.S.,
Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition via Radical Extraction and Recognition,
ICDAR97(185-189).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Xia, F.,
Knowledge-based sub-pattern segmentation: Decompositions of Chinese characters,
ICIP94(I: 179-182).
IEEE DOI 9411
BibRef

Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian], Hsu, H.C.[Hung-Chi],
A hierarchical model-guided generation of Chinese characters,
ICPR94(B:256-260).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef

Shyu, K.H.[Keh-Hwa], Lee, C.J.[Chun-Jen], Tsay, M.K.[Mu-King],
An OCR based translation system between simplified and complex Chinese characters,
ICPR94(B:368-370).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef

Zhang, Z., He, M., Ge, C.,
A Research on Printed Chinese Character Recognition Based on Stroke Features with Optical/Digital Hybrid Realization,
ICPR88(I: 573-575).
IEEE DOI BibRef 8800

Zeng, J., Inoue, T., Sanadi, H., Tezuka, Y.,
A Data Structure Suitable for Representing the Calligraphic Rules for Chinese Character Evaluation,
ICPR88(I: 181-183).
IEEE DOI BibRef 8800

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Chinese Characters, Japanese Characters, Handwritten .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19