25.4.3 Character Segmentation, Segmentation of Individual Characters

Chapter Contents (Back)
Segmentation.

Bednar, G.M.[Gregory M.], Fryer, G.B.[George B.],
Method and apparatus for segmenting character images,
US_Patent4,562,594, Dec 31, 1985
WWW Link. BibRef 8512

Tappert, C.C.[Charles C.],
Recognition system for run-on handwritten characters,
US_Patent4,731,857, March 15, 1988.
WWW Link. BibRef 8803

Tanaka, H.[Hideaki], Katurada, M.[Morihiro], Konya, M.[Minehiro],
Method of detecting a space between words with optical character reader,
US_Patent4,847,912, July 11, 1989.
WWW Link. BibRef 8907

Feldgajer, O.[Oleg],
Universal character segmentation scheme for multifont OCR images,
US_Patent4,932,065, Jun 5, 1990
WWW Link. BibRef 9006

Tsujimoto, S.[Shuichi], Asada, H.[Haruo],
Resolving Ambiguity in Segmenting Touching Characters,
SDIA92(xx-yy). BibRef 9200

Fenrich, R.K.[Richard K.], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
System for recognizing handwritten character strings containing overlapping and/or broken characters,
US_Patent5,321,768, June 14, 1994.
WWW Link. BibRef 9406

Niki, T.[Toru],
Image processing for pattern extraction,
US_Patent5,335,294, Aug 2, 1994
WWW Link. Extract the character. BibRef 9408

Casey, R.G., Lecolinet, E.,
A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation,
PAMI(18), No. 7, July 1996, pp. 690-706.
IEEE DOI 9608
Survey, Character Segmentation. Evaluation, Segmentation. A good bibliography of related papers. BibRef

Lecolinet, E.,
Segmentation d'images de mots manuscrits,
Ph.D.Thesis, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, March 1990. BibRef 9003

Lu, Y.[Yi],
Machine printed character segmentation: An overview,
PR(28), No. 1, January 1995, pp. 67-80.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yi], Shridhar, M.,
Character Segmentation in Handwritten Words: An Overview,
PR(29), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 77-96.
Elsevier DOI Part 2 of review. BibRef 9601

Hoffman, R.L., and McCullough, J.W.,
Segmentation Methods for Recognition of Machine-Printed Characters,
IBMRD(15), No. 2, March 1971, pp. 153-165. BibRef 7103

Parui, S.K., Chaudhuri, B.B., Majumder, D.D.,
A Procedure for Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numerals,
IJSS(13), No. 9, 1982, pp. 1019-1029. BibRef 8200

Mori, S., Gillespie, W., Suen, C.Y.,
Constrained Bidirectional Propagation and Stroke Segmentation,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 161-167. BibRef 8300

Wang, L., and Pavlidis, T.,
Direct Gray-Scale Extraction of Features for Character Recognition,
PAMI(15), No. 10, October 1993, pp. 1053-1067.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9310

Wang, L., Pavlidis, T.,
A geometric approach to machine-printed character recognition,
CVPR92(665-668).
IEEE DOI 0403
BibRef

Fukushima, K., and Imagawa, T.,
Recognition and Segmentation of Connected Characters with Selective Attention,
NeurNet(6), No. 1, 1993, pp. 33-41. BibRef 9300

Rocha, J., and Pavlidis, T.,
A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a Character Recognition System,
PAMI(16), No. 4, April 1994, pp. 393-404.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9404
Earlier: WACV92(182-189).
IEEE DOI 0403
BibRef

Rocha, J., Pavlidis, T.,
Character-Recognition Without Segmentation,
PAMI(17), No. 9, September 1995, pp. 903-909.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9509
Earlier:
A Neew Method for Word Recognition Without Segmentation,
SPIE(1906), February 1993, pp. 74-80. Recognize broken and touching characters. BibRef

Weissman, H., Schenkel, M., Guyon, I., Nohl, C., Henderson, D.,
Recognition-Based Segmentation of Online Run-On Handprinted Words: Input vs. Output Segmentation,
PR(27), No. 3, March 1994, pp. 405-420.
Elsevier DOI Capital Latin characters. BibRef 9403

Guyon, I., Albrecht, P., Le Cun, Y.L., Denker, J.S., Hubbard, W.,
Design of a Neural Network Character Recognizer for a Touch Terminal,
PR(24), No. 2, 1991, pp. 105-119.
Elsevier DOI Digits and uppercase letters BibRef 9100

Liang, S., Shridhar, M., Ahmadi, M.,
Segmentation Of Touching Characters In Printed Document Recognition,
PR(27), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 825-840.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9406
Earlier: ICDAR93(569-572). BibRef

Su, L.[Liang], Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
A Morphological Approach to Text String Extraction from Regular Periodic Overlapping Text-Background Images,
GMIP(56), No. 5, September 1994, pp. 402-413. BibRef 9409
Earlier: ICIP94(I: 144-148).
IEEE DOI 9411
E.g. the kinds of text in newspaper headlines. BibRef

Wang, J., and Jean, J.,
Segmentation of Merged Characters by Neural Networks and Shortest Path,
PR(27), No. 5, May 1994, pp. 649-658.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9405

Iliescu, S.[Serban], Shinghal, R.[Raman], Teo, R.Y.M.[Raymund Yee-Mian],
Proposed Heuristic Procedures to Preprocess Character Patterns Using Line Adjacency Graphs,
PR(29), No. 6, June 1996, pp. 951-975.
Elsevier DOI 9606
remove noise BibRef

Whichello, A.P.[Adrian P.], Yan, H.[Hong],
Linking Broken Character Borders with Variable Sized Masks to Improve Recognition,
PR(29), No. 8, August 1996, pp. 1429-1435.
Elsevier DOI 9608
Border following BibRef

Lee, S.W., Lee, D.J., Park, H.S.,
A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition,
PAMI(18), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1045-1050.
IEEE DOI 9611
BibRef
And: Corrections: PAMI(18), No. 12, December 1996, pp. 1262.
IEEE DOI BibRef

Holeva, L.F.,
Foreground-Background Segmentation of Optical Character-Recognition Labels by a Single Layer Recurrent Neural-Network,
JEI(5), No. 2, April 1996, pp. 225-236. 9609
BibRef

Shi, Z.X.[Zhi-Xin], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Segmentation and Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numeral Strings,
PR(30), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 1501-1504.
Elsevier DOI 9708
Digit strings. BibRef

Liang, S., Ahmadi, M., Shridhar, M.,
Segmentation of Handwritten Interference Marks Using Multiple Directional Stroke Planes and Reformalized Morphological Approach,
IP(6), No. 8, August 1997, pp. 1195-1202.
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Huttenlocher, D.P.[Daniel P.], Hopcroft, M.J.[Michael J.],
Method of deriving wordshapes for subsequent comparison,
US_Patent5,640,466, June 17, 1997.
WWW Link. BibRef 9706

Le Cun, Y.A.[Yann Andre],
Method and apparatus for standardization of inputs to word recognition systems,
US_Patent5,774,586, June 30, 1998.
WWW Link. BibRef 9806

Tseng, L.Y.[Lin Yu], Chen, R.C.[Rung Ching],
Segmenting Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Heuristic Merging of Stroke Bounding Boxes and Dynamic Programming,
PRL(19), No. 10, 31 August 1998, pp. 963-973. BibRef 9808

Bae, J.H., Jung, K.C., Kim, J.W., Kim, H.J.,
Segmentation of Touching Characters Using an MLP,
PRL(19), No. 8, June 1998, pp. 701-709. 9808
BibRef

Yanikoglu, B.A.[Berrin A.], Sandon, P.A.[Peter A.],
Segmentation of off-line cursive handwriting using linear programming,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1825-1833.
Elsevier DOI Cursive words into letters. BibRef 9812

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Separation of single-touching handwritten numeral strings based on structural features,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1835-1847.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9812

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Separation of touching handwritten multi-numeral strings based on morphological structural features,
PR(34), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 587-599.
Elsevier DOI 0101
BibRef

Yu, D.G.[Dong-Gang], Yan, H.[Hong],
Reconstruction of broken handwritten digits based on structural morphological features,
PR(34), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 235-254.
Elsevier DOI 0011
BibRef

Lu, Z.K.[Zhong-Kang], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
A background-thinning-based approach for separating and recognizing connected handwritten digit strings,
PR(32), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 921-933.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9906

Nakajima, Y., Mori, S., Takegami, S., Sato, S.,
Global methods for stroke segmentation,
IJDAR(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 19-23. BibRef 9900

Chang, T.C., Chen, S.Y.,
Character Segmentation Using Convex-Hull Techniques,
PRAI(13), No. 6, September 1999, pp. 833. 0005
BibRef

Yanikoglu, B.A.[Berrin A.],
Pitch Based Segmentation and Recognition of Dot-Matrix Text,
IJDAR(3), No. 1, 2000, pp. 34-39. 0008
BibRef

Xiao, X.H.[Xu-Hong], Leedham, G.[Graham],
Knowledge-based English cursive script segmentation,
PRL(21), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 945-954. 0008

See also Signature verification using a modified Bayesian network. BibRef

Chen, Y.[Yan], Leedham, G.,
Independent component analysis segmentation algorithm,
ICDAR05(II: 680-684).
IEEE DOI 0508
Segmenting overlapping strokes. BibRef

Zhu, X.Y.[Xiao-Yan], Hao, Y.[Yu], Shi, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Wang, S.[Song],
A Criterion Based on Fourier Transform for Segmentation of Connected Digits,
IJDAR(3), No. 1, 2000, pp. 27-33. 0008
BibRef

Cheriet, M.,
Extraction of Handwritten Data from Noisy Gray-Level Images Using a Multiscale Approach,
PRAI(13), No. 5, August 1999, pp. 665. 0005
BibRef

Vaezi, M.R.[Mehrzad R.], Sherrick, C.A.[Christopher Allen],
Method and apparatus for character recognition,
US_Patent6,081,616, Jun 27, 2000
WWW Link. BibRef 0006

Azmi, R., Kabir, E.,
A new segmentation technique for omnifont Farsi text,
PRL(22), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 97-104.
Elsevier DOI 0101
BibRef

Sharma, G.,
Show-through cancellation in scans of duplex printed documents,
IP(10), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 736-754.
IEEE DOI 0105
BibRef

Sharma, G.,
Cancellation of Show-through in Duplex Scanning,
ICIP00(Vol II: 609-612).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Ye, X.Y.[Xiang-Yun], Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
Stroke-model-based character extraction from gray-level document images,
IP(10), No. 8, August 2001, pp. 1152-1161.
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Melhi, M., Ipson, S.S., Booth, W.,
A novel triangulation procedure for thinning hand-written text,
PRL(22), No. 10, August 2001, pp. 1059-1071.
Elsevier DOI 0108
BibRef

Park, H.C.[Hwan-Chul], Ok, S.Y.[Se-Young], Yu, Y.J.[Young-Jung], Cho, H.G.[Hwan-Gue],
A word extraction algorithm for machine-printed documents using a 3D neighborhood graph model,
IJDAR(4), No. 2 2001, pp. 115-130.
Springer DOI 0201
BibRef

Bansal, V.[Veena], Sinha, R.M.K.,
Segmentation of touching and fused Devanagari characters,
PR(35), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 875-893.
Elsevier DOI 0201
BibRef

Lu, Z.K.[Zhong-Kang], Chi, Z.[Zheru], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Extraction and Optimization of B-Spline PBD Templates for Recognition of Connected Handwritten Digit Strings,
PAMI(24), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 132-139.
IEEE DOI 0201
PBD: Pixel-Boundary-Distance BibRef

Zhou, J.[Jie], Krzyzak, A.[Adam], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Verification Method of Enhancing the Recognizers of Isolated and Touching Handwritten Numerals,
PR(35), No. 5, May 2002, pp. 1179-1189.
Elsevier DOI 0202
BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Character pattern extraction from documents with complex backgrounds,
IJDAR(4), No. 4, 2002, pp. 258-268.
Springer DOI 0208
BibRef
Earlier:
Character Pattern Extraction Based on Local Multilevel Thresholding and Region Growing,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 430-433).
IEEE DOI 0009
To get the characters from the background (i.e. printed over an image). Use multilevel thresholding and region growing. For small characters, 1.5 pixels wide. BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Screen Pattern Removal for Character Pattern Extraction from High-Resolution Color Document Images,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 6, June 2005, pp. 1310-1313.
DOI Link 0506
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR04(I: 490-493).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Character pattern extraction from colorful documents with complex backgrounds,
ICPR02(III: 180-183).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Zhong, D.X.[David X.],
Extraction of embedded and/or line-touching character-like objects,
PR(35), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 2453-2466.
Elsevier DOI 0208
BibRef

Pal, U., Belaïd, A., Choisy, C.,
Touching numeral segmentation using water reservoir concept,
PRL(24), No. 1-3, January 2003, pp. 261-272.
Elsevier DOI 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
Water reservoir based approach for touching numeral segmentation,
ICDAR01(892-896).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Garain, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Segmentation of touching characters in printed Devnagari and Bangla scripts using fuzzy multifactorial analysis,
SMC-C(32), No. 4, November 2002, pp. 449-459.
IEEE Top Reference. 0301
BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR01(805-809).
IEEE DOI 0109

See also Segmentation of touching symbols for OCR of printed mathematical expressions: an approach based on multifactorial analysis. BibRef

Elnagar, A.[Ashraf], Alhajj, R.[Reda],
Segmentation of connected handwritten numeral strings,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 625-634.
Elsevier DOI 0301
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
A novel approach to separate handwritten connected digits,
ICDAR03(1198-1202).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Alhajj, R., Elnagar, A.,
Multiagents to Separating Handwritten Connected Digits,
SMC-A(35), No. 5, September 2005, pp. 593-602.
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Song, J.Q.[Ji-Qiang], Li, Z.[Zuo], Lyu, M.R., Cai, S.J.[Shi-Jie],
Recognition of merged characters based on forepart prediction, necessity-sufficiency matching, and character-adaptive masking,
SMC-B(35), No. 1, February 2005, pp. 2-11.
IEEE Abstract. 0501
BibRef

Ben Braiek, E.[Ezzedine], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Dori, V.[Vincent],
SKCS: New separable kernel family with compact support: Application to visual segmentation of handwritten data,
ELCVIA(5), No. 1, March 2005, pp. 14-29.
DOI Link
See also KCS--New--New Kernel Family with Compact Support in Scale Space: Formulation and Impact. BibRef 0503

Liang, Z.Z.[Zhi-Zhen], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
A metasynthetic approach for segmenting handwritten Chinese character strings,
PRL(26), No. 10, 15 July 2005, pp. 1498-1511.
Elsevier DOI 0506
BibRef

Nomura, S.[Shigueo], Yamanaka, K.[Keiji], Katai, O.[Osamu], Kawakami, H.[Hiroshi], Shiose, T.[Takayuki],
A novel adaptive morphological approach for degraded character image segmentation,
PR(38), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1961-1975.
Elsevier DOI 0509
BibRef

Uchida, S., Nomura, A., Suzuki, M.,
Quantitative analysis of mathematical documents,
IJDAR(7), No. 4, September 2005, pp. 211-218.
Springer DOI 0512
BibRef

Suzuki, M., Uchida, S., Nomura, A.,
A ground-truthed mathematical character and symbol image database,
ICDAR05(II: 675-679).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Nomura, A., Michishita, K., Uchida, S., Suzuki, M.,
Detection and segmentation of touching characters in mathematical expressions,
ICDAR03(126-130).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Garain, U.[Utpal], Paquet, T.[Thierry], Heutte, L.[Laurent],
On foreground/background separation in low quality document images,
IJDAR(8), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 47-63.
Springer DOI 0605
BibRef
Earlier:
On foreground-background separation in low quality color document images,
ICDAR05(II: 585-589).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Dawoud, A.,
Iterative Cross Section Sequence Graph for Handwritten Character Segmentation,
IP(16), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 2150-2154.
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Jindal, M.K.[Manish Kumar], Lehal, G.S.[Gurpreet Singh], Sharma, R.K.[Rajendra Kumar],
On Segmentation of Touching Characters and Overlapping Lines in Degraded Printed Gurmukhi Script,
IJIG(9), No. 3, July 2009, pp. 321-353.
DOI Link 0911
BibRef

Sumetphong, C.[Chaivatna], Tangwongsan, S.[Supachai],
Modeling broken characters recognition as a set-partitioning problem,
PRL(33), No. 16, 1 December 2012, pp. 2270-2279.
Elsevier DOI 1210
Broken characters recognition; Set partitioning problem; Probability functions; Integer programming; Heuristics BibRef

Ribas, F.C., Oliveira, L.S., de Souza Britto, Jr., A.[Alceu], Sabourin, R.,
Handwritten digit segmentation: a comparative study,
IJDAR(16), No. 2, June 2013, pp. 127-137.
Springer DOI 1306
Survey, Digit Segmentation. BibRef

Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Tong, L.[Lu], Yu, Y.J.[Ya-Jie], Shuang, L.[Liang], Rui, Z.[Zhang],
Online stroke segmentation by quick penalty-based dynamic programming,
IET-CV(7), No. 5, October 2013, pp. 311-319.
DOI Link 1402
computational geometry BibRef

Yin, L.[Liu], Yu, Y.J.[Ya-Jie], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Online segmentation of freehand stroke by dynamic programming,
ICDAR05(I: 197-201).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Xu, L.[Liang], Yin, F.[Fei], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
An over-segmentation method for single-touching Chinese handwriting with learning-based filtering,
IJDAR(17), No. 1, March 2014, pp. 91-104.
Springer DOI 1403
BibRef

Shreekanth, T., Udayashankara, V.,
A Histogram-Based Two-Stage Adaptive Character Segmentation for Transcription of Inter-Point Hindi Braille to Text,
IJIG(15), No. 03, 2015, pp. 1550012.
DOI Link 1506
BibRef

Chiang, C.C.[Cheng-Chin], Wang, R.H.[Ren-Hong], Chen, B.R.[Bo-Ruei],
Recognizing arbitrarily connected and superimposed handwritten numerals in intangible writing interfaces,
PR(61), No. 1, 2017, pp. 15-28.
Elsevier DOI 1705
Intangible writing interface BibRef

Can, G., Odobez, J.M., Gatica-Perez, D.,
Maya Codical Glyph Segmentation: A Crowdsourcing Approach,
MultMed(20), No. 3, March 2018, pp. 711-725.
IEEE DOI 1802
Complexity theory, Crowdsourcing, Image segmentation, Multimedia communication, Shape, Writing, Crowdsourcing, Maya glyph, classification BibRef

Inkeaw, P.[Papangkorn], Bootkrajang, J.[Jakramate], Charoenkwan, P.[Phasit], Marukatat, S.[Sanparith], Ho, S.Y.[Shinn-Ying], Chaijaruwanich, J.[Jeerayut],
Recognition-based character segmentation for multi-level writing style,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 21-39.
Springer DOI 1806
BibRef

Yu, C.[Chao], Liu, J.[Jin], Li, Y.H.[Yun-Hui],
Multiscale Fully Convolutional Network-Based Approach for Multilingual Character Segmentation,
IET-CV(15), No. 6, 2021, pp. 449-461.
DOI Link 2108
BibRef


Gholamian, S.[Sina], Vahdat, A.[Ali],
Handwritten and Printed Text Segmentation: A Signature Case Study,
ICCV23(582-592)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Xu, X.Q.[Xing-Qian], Zhang, Z.F.[Zhi-Fei], Wang, Z.W.[Zhao-Wen], Price, B.[Brian], Wang, Z.H.[Zhong-Hao], Shi, H.[Humphrey],
Rethinking Text Segmentation: A Novel Dataset and A Text-Specific Refinement Approach,
CVPR21(12040-12050)
IEEE DOI 2111
Industries, Bridges, Image segmentation, Adaptation models, Codes, Annotations BibRef

Shang, H.[Hong], Wang, L., Hiroshi, T., Fan, W., Sun, J., Naoi, S.,
Character region segmentation based on Stroke Stable Regions,
ICPR16(3975-3980)
IEEE DOI 1705
Area measurement, Feature extraction, Gray-scale, Image edge detection, Image segmentation, Transforms, character similarity, connected component, stroke area ratio, stroke stable region, stroke, time BibRef

Su, T.H.[Tong-Hua], Jia, S.K.[Shu-Kai], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Sun, L.[Li], Wang, R.G.[Rui-Gang],
Novel character segmentation method for overlapped Chinese handwriting recognition based on LSTM neural networks,
ICPR16(1141-1146)
IEEE DOI 1705
Databases, Feature extraction, Handwriting recognition, History, Logic gates, Recurrent neural networks, Trajectory, LSTM network, character segmentation, overlapped handwriting, sequential, classification BibRef

Aouadi, N.[Nabil], Kacem Echi, A.[Afef], Belaid, A.[Abdel],
A recognition based approach for segmenting touching components in Arabic manuscripts,
ICDAR15(21-25)
IEEE DOI 1511
Central point;Segmentation;Shape context descriptor;Touching component BibRef

Berger, C.[Cyrille],
Colour Perception Graph for Characters Segmentation,
ISVC14(II: 598-608).
Springer DOI 1501
BibRef

Berger, C.[Cyrille],
Strokes Detection for Skeletonisation of Characters Shapes,
ISVC14(II: 510-520).
Springer DOI 1501
BibRef

Hamrouni, S.[Sameh], Cloppet, F.[Florence], Vincent, N.[Nicole],
Handwritten and Printed Text Separation: Linearity and Regularity Assessment,
ICIAR14(I: 387-394).
Springer DOI 1410
BibRef

Garz, A., Fischer, A., Bunke, H., Ingold, R.,
A Binarization-Free Clustering Approach to Segment Curved Text Lines in Historical Manuscripts,
ICDAR13(1290-1294)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Halder, C., Roy, K.,
Word and Character Segmentation for Bangla Handwriting Analysis and Recognition,
NCVPRIPG11(243-246).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Bag, S., Bhowmick, P., Harit, G., Biswas, A.,
Character Segmentation of Handwritten Bangla Text by Vertex Characterization of Isothetic Covers,
NCVPRIPG11(21-24).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Sachan, D., Dutta, S., Naveen, T.S., Jawahar, C.V.,
Segmentation of Degraded Malayalam Words: Methods and Evaluation,
NCVPRIPG11(70-73).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Lawgali, A., Bouridane, A., Angelova, M., Ghassemlooy, Z.,
Automatic segmentation for Arabic characters in handwriting documents,
ICIP11(3529-3532).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Murali Krishna, M., Reddy, D.V.R.K.[D.V.R. Koti],
An OCR-character segmentation using Routing based fast replacement paths in Reach Algorithm,
ICIIP11(1-7).
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Xu, L.[Liang], Yin, F.[Fei], Wang, Q.F.[Qiu-Feng], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
A Touching Character Database from Chinese Handwriting for Assessing Segmentation Algorithms,
FHR12(89-94).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef
Earlier:
Touching Character Separation in Chinese Handwriting Using Visibility-Based Foreground Analysis,
ICDAR11(859-863).
IEEE DOI 1111

See also Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: Benchmarking on new databases. BibRef

Kumar, J.[Jayant], Kang, L.[Le], Doermann, D.S.[David S.], Abd-Almageed, W.[Wael],
Segmentation of Handwritten Textlines in Presence of Touching Components,
ICDAR11(109-113).
IEEE DOI 1111

See also Learning Text-Line Segmentation Using Codebooks and Graph Partitioning. BibRef

Kang, L.[Le], Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
Template Based Segmentation of Touching Components in Handwritten Text Lines,
ICDAR11(569-573).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Zhao, X.Y.[Xiao-Yu], Chi, Z.R.[Zhe-Ru], Feng, D.G.[Da-Gan],
An improved algorithm for segmenting and recognizing connected handwritten characters,
ICARCV10(1611-1615).
IEEE DOI 1109
BibRef

Gattal, A.[Abdeljalil], Chibani, Y.[Youcef],
Segmentation and Recognition Strategy of Handwritten Connected Digits Based on the Oriented Sliding Window,
FHR12(297-301).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation Strategy of Handwritten Connected Digits (SSHCD),
CIAP11(II: 248-254).
Springer DOI 1109
BibRef

Chacko, B.P.[Binu P.], Babu, A.P.[Anto P.],
Pre and Post Processing Approaches in Edge Detection for Character Recognition,
FHR10(676-681).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Daher, H., Gaceb, D., Eglin, V., Bres, S., Vincent, N.,
Ancient Handwritings Decomposition Into Graphemes and Codebook Generation Based on Graph Coloring,
FHR10(119-124).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Lakshmi, C.V.[C. Vasantha], Singh, S.[Sarika], Jain, R.[Ritu], Patvardhan, C.,
A Novel Approach to Skeletonization for Multi-font OCR Applications,
PReMI09(393-399).
Springer DOI 0912
BibRef

Davessar, N.M., Madan, S., Singh, H.[Hardeep],
A hybrid approach to character segmentation of Gurmukhi script characters,
AIPR03(169-173).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef

de Santana Pereira, C.[Cristiano], Cavalcanti, G.D.C.[George D.C.],
Prototype Selection for Handwritten Connected Digits Classification,
ICDAR09(1021-1025).
IEEE DOI 0907
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ICDAR09(421-425).
IEEE DOI 0907
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Separation of Overlapping and Touching Lines within Handwritten Arabic Documents,
CAIP09(237-244).
Springer DOI 0909
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Show-Through Cancellation in Scanned Images using Blind Source Separation Techniques,
ICIP07(III: 233-236).
IEEE DOI 0709
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ICDAR07(198-202).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Annotated Databases for the Recognition of Screen-Rendered Text,
ICDAR07(272-276).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Wachenfeld, S., Fleischer, S., Klein, H.U., Jiang, X.,
Segmentation of Very Low Resolution Screen-Rendered Text,
ICDAR07(1153-1157).
IEEE DOI 0709
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A General Method of Segmentation-Recognition Collaboration Applied to Pairs of Touching and Overlapping Symbols,
ICDAR07(659-663).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Yuan, B.[Bo], Kwoh, L.K.[Leong Keong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Finding the Best-Fit Bounding-Boxes,
DAS06(268-279).
Springer DOI 0602
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Yuan, B.[Bo], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A multi-level component grouping algorithm and its applications,
ICDAR05(II: 1178-1181).
IEEE DOI 0508
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Suwa, M.,
Segmentation of connected handwritten numerals by graph representation,
ICDAR05(II: 750-754).
IEEE DOI 0508
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Wei, X.H.[Xiang-Hui], Ma, S.P.[Shao-Ping], Jin, Y.J.[Yi-Jiang],
Segmentation of connected Chinese characters based on genetic algorithm,
ICDAR05(II: 645-649).
IEEE DOI 0508
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Deufemia, V.[Vincenzo], Risi, M.[Michele],
A Dynamic Stroke Segmentation Technique for Sketched Symbol Recognition,
IbPRIA05(II:328).
Springer DOI 0509
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Costagliola, G., Deufemia, V., Risi, M.,
Sketch Grammars: a formalism for describing and recognizing diagrammatic sketch languages,
ICDAR05(II: 1226-1230).
IEEE DOI 0508
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Kim, M.S.[Min Soo], Cho, K.T.[Kyu Tae], Kwag, H.K.[Hee Kue], Kim, J.H.[Jin Hyung],
Segmentation of Handwritten Characters for Digitalizing Korean Historical Documents,
DAS04(114-124).
Springer DOI 0505
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Kim, M.S.[Min-Soo], Jang, M.D.[Man-Dae], Choi, H.I.[Hyun-Il], Rhee, T.H.[Taik-Heon], Kim, J.H.[Jin-Hyung], Kwag, H.K.[Hee-Kue],
Digitalizing scheme of handwritten Hanja historical documents,
DIAL04(321-327).
IEEE DOI 0404
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Li, Y.[Yun], Naoi, S., Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
A segmentation method for touching italic characters,
ICPR04(II: 594-597).
IEEE DOI 0409
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Legal-Ayala, H.A., Facon, J.,
Image segmentation by learning approach,
ICDAR03(819-823).
IEEE DOI 0311
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Wolf, C.[Christian], Jolion, J.M.[Jean-Michel], Chassaing, F.,
Text localization, enhancement and binarization in multimedia documents,
ICPR02(II: 1037-1040).
IEEE DOI 0211
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Kim, S.H., Jeong, C.B., Kwag, H.K., Suen, C.Y.,
Word segmentation of printed text lines based on gap clustering and special symbol detection,
ICPR02(II: 320-323).
IEEE DOI 0211
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Kim, S.H., Jeong, S., Lee, G.S.[Guee-Sang], Suen, C.Y.,
Word segmentation in handwritten Korean text lines based on gap clustering techniques,
ICDAR01(189-193).
IEEE DOI 0109
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Maragoudakis, M., Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N.,
Incorporating conditional independence assumption with support vector machines to enhance handwritten character segmentation performance,
ICPR02(III: 911-914).
IEEE DOI 0211
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Maragoudakis, M., Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
How conditional independence assumption affects handwritten character segmentation,
ICDAR01(246-250).
IEEE DOI 0109
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Lehal, G.S., Singh, C.[Chandan],
A Technique for Segmentation of Gurmukhi Text,
CAIP01(191 ff.).
Springer DOI 0210
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de Stefano, C., Marcelli, A.,
From ligatures to characters: a shape-based algorithm for handwriting segmentation,
FHR02(473-478).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Takru, K., Leedham, G.,
Separation of touching and overlapping words in adjacent lines of handwritten text,
FHR02(496-501).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Mestetskii, L.M., Reyer, I.A., Sederberg, T.W.,
Continuous approach to segmentation of handwritten text,
FHR02(440-445).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
A system for the off-line recognition of handwritten text,
ICPR94(B:129-134).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef
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Representations and metrics for off-line handwriting segmentation,
FHR02(428-433).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Earlier:
Segmentation of handprinted letter strings using a dynamic programming algorithm,
ICDAR01(821-826).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Yamaguchi, T., Tsuruoka, S., Yoshikawa, T., Shinogi, T., Makimoto, E., Ogata, H., Shridhar, M.,
A segmentation system for touching handwritten Japanese characters,
FHR02(407-412).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Yamaguchi, T., Yoshikawa, T., Shinogi, T., Tsuruoka, S., Teramoto, M.,
A segmentation method for touching Japanese handwritten characters based on connecting condition of lines,
ICDAR01(837-841).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Lu, Z., Schwartz, R., Raphael, C.,
Script-independent, HMM-based Text Line Finding for OCR,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 551-554).
IEEE DOI 0009
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Wang, Y., Phillips, I.T., Haralick, R.M.,
Statistical-based Approach to Word Segmentation,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 555-558).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Stamatatos, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Handwritten Character Segmentation Using Transformation-based Learning,
ICPR00(Vol II: 634-637).
IEEE DOI 0009
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Tonazzini, A., Bedini, L.,
Character segmentation in highly blurred ancient printed documents,
CIAP99(836-841).
IEEE DOI 9909
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Giorgini, F., Verrini, A., Dellepiane, S.G.,
A fuzzy approach to segment document images,
CIAP99(987-991).
IEEE DOI 9909
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Anegawa, M., Kuroda, H., Miyahara, S., Tsuruhara, K., Nakamura, A.,
Handwritten Chinese Character Segmentation Using Local Potential Threshold and Minimum Potential Search,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Rodriguez, C., Muguerza, C., Zarate, A., Navarro, M., Martin, J.I.[Jose Ignacio], Perez, J.,
Segmentation of Low-Quality Typewritten Digits,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1106-1109).
IEEE DOI 9808
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Gu, L.[Lixu], Kaneko, T.[Toyohisa], Tanaka, N.[Naoki], Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
Robust Extraction of Characters from Color Scene Image Using Mathematical Morphology,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1002-1004).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Okamoto, M., Yamamoto, H., Sawada, K., Yamamoto, K.,
On-Line Handwriting Character String Separation Method Using Network Expression,
ICPR96(IV: 422-425).
IEEE DOI 9608
(SANYO Electric Co.,Ltd., J) BibRef

Plamondon, R., Guerfali, W.,
Why Handwriting Segmentation Can Be Misleading,
ICPR96(IV: 396-400).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, CDN) BibRef

Dias, A.P.[Antonio P.],
Maximum Spanning Trees For Text Segmentation,
SDAIR96(XX) Harvard University. BibRef 9600

Ponte, J.M.[Jay M.], Croft, W.B.[W. Bruce],
USeg: A Retargetable Word Segmentation Procedure for Information Retrieval,
SDAIR96(XX) University of Massachusetts. BibRef 9600

Lu, Y.,
On the Segmentation of Touching Characters,
ICDAR93(440-443). BibRef 9300

Cheriet, M., Huang, Y.S., and Suen, C.Y.,
Background Region-Based Algorithm for the Segmentation of Connected Digits,
ICPR92(II:619-622).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9200

Dunn, C.E., and Wang, P.S.P.,
Character Segmenting Techniques for Handwritten Text: A Survey,
ICPR92(II:577-580).
IEEE DOI 9208
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Bayer, T.A., Kressel, U., and Hammelsbeck, M.,
Segmenting Merged Characters,
ICPR92(II:346-349).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9200

Wilkinson, R.A.,
Segmenting Text Images with Massively Parallel Machines,
SPIE(1607), November 1991, pp. 312-323. BibRef 9111

Wilkinson, R.A., and Garris, M.D.,
Comparison of Massively Parallel Hand-Print Segmentors,
SPIE(1825), November 1992. BibRef 9211
And: NISTIR4923 September 1992. BibRef

Wilkinson, R.A., Garris, M.D., and Wilson, C.L.,
Using Self-Organizing Recognition as a Mechanism for Rejecting Segmentation Errors,
SPIE(1825), November 1992. BibRef 9211
And: NISTIR4938, October 1992. BibRef

Garris, M.D.,
Component-Based Handprint Segmentation Using Adaptive Writing Style Model,
NISTIR5843, May 1996. BibRef 9605

Ablameyko, S.V., Okun, O.,
Printed text segmentation using distance transform,
CAIP93(599-603).
Springer DOI 9309
BibRef

Geist, J.C., and Wilkinson, R.A.,
OCR Error Rate Versus Rejection Rate for Isolated Handprint Characters,
SPIE(1906), February 1993. BibRef 9302
And: NISTIR4990, December 1992. BibRef

Wilson, C.L.,
Effectiveness of Feature and Classifier Algorithms in Character Recognition Systems,
NISTIR4995, December 1992. BibRef 9212
And: SPIE(1906), February 1993. BibRef

Wilkinson, R.A.,
Dictionary Production for Census Form Conference,
NISTIR5180, April 1993
HTML Version. BibRef 9304

Wilkinson, R.A., Garris, M.D., Geist, J.C.,
Machine-Assisted Human Classification of Segmented Characters for OCR Testing and Training,
NISTIR5105, December, 1992. BibRef 9212
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Ariyoshi, S.,
A character segmentation method for Japanese printed documents coping with touching character problems,
ICPR92(II:313-316).
IEEE DOI 9208
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Tampi, K.R., Chetlur, S.S.,
Segmentation of Handwritten Characters,
ICPR86(684-686). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Binarization: Threshold selection for documents, Character Enhancement .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19