23.4.6.3 Cursive Script Recognition Systems

Chapter Contents (Back)
Recognize Handwriting. Cursive Character Recognition. Recognize Cursive Script.

Eden, M.,
Handwriting and pattern Recognition,
IT(8), 1962, pp. 160-166. BibRef 6200

Ehrich, R.W., and Koehler, K.J.,
Experiments in the Contextual Recognition of Cursive Script,
TC(24), No. 2, February 1975, pp. 182-194. BibRef 7502

Peleg, S.,
Ambiguity Reduction in Handwriting with Ambiguous Segmentation and Uncertain Interpretation,
CGIP(10), No. 3, July 1979, pp. 235-245.
WWW Version. BibRef 7907

Duvernoy, J., Charraut, D.,
Stability and stationarity of cursive handwriting,
PR(11), No. 3, 1979, pp. 145-154.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Myers, C.S., Rabiner, L.R., Rosenberg, A.E.,
Performance, Tradeoffs in Dynamic Time Warping Algorithms for Isolated Word Recognition,
ASSP(28), No. 6, December 1980, pp. 623-635. BibRef 8012

Myers, C.S., Rabiner, L.R.,
A Level Building Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm for Connected Word Recognition,
ASSP(29), No. 2, 1981, pp. 284-297. BibRef 8100

Lee, C., Rabiner, L.R.,
A Frame-Synchronous Network Search Algorithm for Connected Word Recognition,
ASSP(37), No. 11, November 1989, pp. 1649-1658. BibRef 8911

Burr, D.J.,
Designing a Handwriting Reader,
PAMI(5), No. 5, September 1983, pp. 554-559. BibRef 8309

Babcock, M.K., and Freyd, J.J.,
Perception of Dynamic Information in Static Handwritten Forms,
Am. J. Psychology(101), No. 1, 1988, pp.111-130. BibRef 8800

Mermelstein, P., and Eden, M.,
Experiments of Computer Recognition of Connected Handwritten Words,
InfoControl(7), No. 2, 1964, pp. 255-270. BibRef 6400

Tappert, C.C.,
Cursive Script by Elastic matching,
IBMRD(26), No. 6, November 1982, pp. 765-771. Restrict to n-grams, sequences of characters. BibRef 8211

Edelman, S., Ullman, S., and Flash, T.,
Reading Cursive Handwriting by Alignment of Letter Prototypes,
IJCV(5), No. 3, December 1990, pp. 303-331.
WWW Version. Recognize Cursive Script. BibRef 9012

Bozinovic, R.M.[Radmilo M.], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
A String Correction Algorithm for Cursive Script Recognition,
PAMI(4), No. 6, November 1982, pp. 655-663. BibRef 8211

Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.], and Bozinovic, R.M.[Radmilo M.],
A Multi-Level Perception Approach to Reading Cursive Script,
AI(33), No. 2, October 1987, pp. 217-255.
WWW Version. BibRef 8710
Earlier: IJCAI87(844-847). Recognize Cursive Script. BibRef

Bozinovic, R.M.[Radmilo M.], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
Off-Line Cursive Script Word Recognition,
PAMI(11), No. 1, January 1989, pp. 68-83.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 8901
Earlier:
Knowledge-Based Cursive Script Interpretation,
ICPR84(774-776). BibRef

Morasso, P., Barberis, L., Pagliano, S., and Vergano, D.,
Recognition Experiments of Cursive Dynamic Handwriting with Self-Organizing Networks,
PR(26), No. 3, March 1993, pp. 451-460.
WWW Version. BibRef 9303

Boccignone, G., Chianese, A., Cordella, L.P., Marcelli, A.,
Recovering dynamic information from static handwriting,
PR(26), No. 3, March 1993, pp. 409-418.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Chianese, A., de Santo, M., Picariello, A.,
Improving the use of contours and skeletons for off-line cursive script segmentation,
CIAP97(II: 600-607).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Boccignone, G., de Santo, M., Chianese, A., Picariello, A.,
Improving the use of contours for off-line Cursive Script Segmentation,
CIAP95(545-550).
WWW Version. 9509 BibRef

Seni, G., Cohen, E.,
External Word Segmentation of Off-Line Handwritten Text Lines,
PR(27), No. 1, January 1994, pp. 41-52.
WWW Version. BibRef 9401

Gorsky, N.D.,
Experiments with Handwriting Recognition Using Holographic Representation of Line Images,
PRL(15), No. 9, September 1994, pp. 853-859. BibRef 9409

Setlur, S., Govindaraju, V.,
Generating Manifold Samples from a Handwritten Word,
PRL(15), No. 9, September 1994, pp. 901-905. BibRef 9409

Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
Extraction of Key Letters for Cursive Script Recognition,
PRL(14), No. 12, December 1993, pp. 1009-1017. BibRef 9312

Abdelazim, H.Y.[Hazem Y.],
Recognition of characters in cursive script,
US_Patent5,335,289, August 2, 1994.
WWW Version. BibRef 9408

Doermann, D.S., and Rosenfeld, A.,
Recovery of Temporal Information from Static Images of Handwriting,
IJCV(15), No. 1-2, June 1995, pp. 143-164.
WWW Version. BibRef 9506
Earlier: CVPR92(162-168).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef
And:
The Interpretation and Reconstruction of Interfering Strokes,
FHR93(41-50). BibRef
Earlier:
Temporal clues in handwriting,
ICPR92(II:317-320).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9208Trace the strokes. BibRef

Nishida, H.[Hirobumi],
Model-Based Shape-Matching with Structural Feature Grouping,
PAMI(17), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 315-320.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9503
Earlier: ICPR94(B:599-601).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9410Handwritten numbers and letters. BibRef

Nishida, H.[Hirobumi],
Method for extracting features from on-line handwritten characters,
US_Patent5,313,528, May 17, 1994.
WWW Version. BibRef 9405

Nishida, H.[Hirobumi],
Shape-recognition by Integrating Structural Descriptions and Geometrical/Statistical Transforms,
CVIU(64), No. 2, September 1996, pp. 248-262.
WWW Version. BibRef 9609

Nishida, H.[Hirobumi],
Structural Shape Indexing with Feature Generation Models,
CVIU(73), No. 1, January 1999, pp. 121-136.
WWW Version. BibRef 9901

Nishida, H.[Hirobumi],
Robust Structural Indexing through Quasi-Invariant Shape Signatures and Feature Generation,
VF01(696 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209 BibRef

Rose, T.G., Evett, L.J.,
The Use of Context in Cursive Script Recognition,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 241-248.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Bramall, P.E., Higgins, C.A.,
A Cursive Script-Recognition System Based on Human Reading Models,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 224-231.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Wunsch, P., Laine, A.F.,
Wavelet Descriptors for Multiresolution Recognition of Handprinted Characters,
PR(28), No. 8, August 1995, pp. 1237-1249.
WWW Version. BibRef 9508

Oh, S.C., Ha, J.Y., Kim, J.H.,
Context-Dependent Search in Interconnected Hidden Markov Model for Unconstrained Handwriting Recognition,
PR(28), No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1693-1704.
WWW Version. BibRef 9511

Rao, P.V.S.,
A Knowledge-Based Approach for Script Recognition Without Training,
PAMI(17), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1233-1239.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 90% recognition of hand written script. BibRef 9512

Keller, J.M., Gader, P.D., Tahani, H., Chiang, J.H., Mohamed, M.A.,
Advances in Fuzzy Integration for Pattern Recognition,
PRL(15), 1994, pp. 273-283. BibRef 9400

Gader, P.D., Keller, J.M., Krishnapuram, R., Chiang, J.H., Mohamed, M.A.,
Neural and Fuzzy Methods in Handwriting Recognition,
Computer(30), No. 2, February 1997, pp. 79-86. 9702 BibRef

Lim, J.H., Teh, H.H., Lui, H.C., Wang, P.Z.,
Stochastic Topology with Elastic Matching for Off-Line Handwritten Character-Recognition,
PRL(17), No. 2, February 8 1996, pp. 149-154. 9603 BibRef
And: Correction: PRL(17), No. 7, June 10 1996, pp. 801-801. 9607 BibRef

Seni, G., Kripasundar, V., Srihari, R.K.,
Generalizing Edit Distance to Incorporate Domain Information: Handwritten Text Recognition as a Case-Study,
PR(29), No. 3, March 1996, pp. 405-414.
WWW Version. BibRef 9603

Nishida, H.,
Automatic Construction of Structural Models Incorporating Discontinuous Transformations,
PAMI(18), No. 4, April 1996, pp. 400-411.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9605For general application of the model: See also Structural Model of Curve Deformation by Discontinuous Transformations, A. BibRef

Bouchaffra, D., Koontz, E., Krpasundar, V., Srihari, R.K.,
Incorporating Diverse Information-Sources in Handwriting Recognition Postprocessing,
IJIST(7), No. 4, Winter 1996, pp. 320-329. 9612 BibRef

Hochberg, J.[Judith], Kelly, P.[Patrick], Thomas, T.[Timothy], Kerns, L.[Lila],
Automatic Script Identification from Document Images Using Cluster-Based Templates,
PAMI(19), No. 2, February 1997, pp. 176-181.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9703 BibRef
Earlier: A1, A4, A3 only:
Automatic Script Identification from Images Using Cluster-Based Templates,
ICDAR95(378-381). Determine what kind of script is being used based on a demplate of the different scripts. Applied to Arabic, Armenian, Burmese, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Ethopic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Roman, Thai scripts. BibRef

Hochberg, J.[Judith], Bowers, K.[Kevin], Cannon, M.[Michael], Kelly, P.[Patrick],
Script and Language Identification for Handwritten Document Images,
IJDAR(2), No. 2/3, 1999, pp. 45-52. 9912 BibRef

Malaviya, A.[Ashutosh], Peters, L.[Liliane],
Fuzzy Feature Description of Handwriting Patterns,
PR(30), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1591-1604.
WWW Version. 9712 BibRef

Malaviya, A.[Ashutosh], Peters, L.[Liliane],
Fuzzy handwriting description language: FOHDEL,
PR(33), No. 1, January 2000, pp. 119-131.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Errico, J.H.[James H.], Labun, N.M.[Nicholas M.], Murdock, M.C.[Michael C.], Wang, S.P.T.[Shay-Ping T.],
Method and system using meta-classes and polynomial discriminant functions for handwriting recognition,
US_Patent5,854,855, December 29, 1998.
WWW Version. BibRef 9812

Senior, A.W.[Andrew W.], Robinson, A.J.[Anthony J.],
An Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition System,
PAMI(20), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 309-321.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9805Segmentation. Normailze for scale, slant, stroke thickness. Represent as skeleton and stroke features. Use a Neural Network. Use a lexicon BibRef

Senior, A.W.[Andrew W.], Fallside, F.,
Off-line Handwriting Recognition by Recurrent Error Propagation Networks,
BMVC92(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9209 BibRef

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Holt, M.J.J., Datta, S.,
Recognition of Off-Line Cursive Handwriting,
CVIU(71), No. 1, July 1998, pp. 19-38.
WWW Version. BibRef 9807

Plamondon, R., Privitera, C.M.,
The Segmentation of Cursive Handwriting: An Approach Based on Off-Line Recovery of the Motor-Temporal Information,
IP(8), No. 1, January 1999, pp. 80-91.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef 9901

Liou, C.Y., Yang, H.C.,
Selective Feature-to-Feature Adhesion for Recognition of Cursive Handprinted Characters,
PAMI(21), No. 2, February 1999, pp. 184-191. 748829 BibRef 9902

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Guo], Yan, H.[Hong],
Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition,
PRL(20), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 855-864. See also hybrid method for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition by combining structural and neural gas classifiers, A. BibRef 9908

Schomaker, L.[Lambert], Segers, E.[Eliane],
Finding features used in the human reading of cursive handwriting,
IJDAR(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 13-18. BibRef 9900

Seni, G.[Giovanni], Seybold, J.[John],
Diacritical processing for unconstrained online handwriting recognition using a forward search,
IJDAR(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 24-29. BibRef 9900

Kim, G.H.[Gyeong-Hwan], Govindaraju, V.[Venu], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
An architecture for handwritten text recognition systems,
IJDAR(2), No. 1, 1999, pp. 37-44. BibRef 9900

Wang, X.[Xian], Govindaraju, V.[Venu], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
Holistic recognition of handwritten character pairs,
PR(33), No. 12, December 2000, pp. 1967-1973.
WWW Version. 0008 BibRef

Steinherz, T.[Tal], Rivlin, E.[Ehud], Intrator, N.[Nathan],
Offline Cursive Script Word Recognition: A Survey,
IJDAR(2), No. 2/3, 1999, pp. 90-110. 9912 Survey, Handwriting. BibRef

Procter, S., Illingworth, J., Mokhtarian, F.,
Cursive handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models and a lexicon-driven level building algorithm,
VISP(147), No. 4, 2000, pp. 332-339. 0010 BibRef

Procter, S., Illingworth, J.,
Combining HMM classifiers in a handwritten text recognition system,
ICIP98(II: 934-938).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9810 BibRef

Kato, Y.[Yoshiharu], Yasuhara, M.[Makoto],
Recovery of Drawing Order from Single-Stroke Handwriting Images,
PAMI(22), No. 9, September 2000, pp. 938-949.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0010 BibRef
And:
Recovery of Drawing Order from Scanned Images of Multi-Stroke Handwriting,
ICDAR99(261-264). From static image, trace the order of the script. BibRef

Qiao, Y.[Yu], Nishiara, M., Yasuhara, M.[Makoto],
A Framework Toward Restoration of Writing Order from Single-Stroked Handwriting Image,
PAMI(28), No. 11, November 2006, pp. 1724-1737.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0609 BibRef
Earlier:
A novel approach to recover writing order from single stroke offline handwritten images,
ICDAR05(I: 227-231).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508Approach as finding smoothest path in a graph. BibRef

Huang, T., and Yasuhara, M.[Makoto],
A Total Stroke SLALOM Method for Searching for the Optimal Drawing Order of Off-Line Handwriting,
SMC-C95(2789-2794). BibRef 9500

Hennig, A., Sherkat, N.,
Cursive Script Recognition using Wildcards and Multiple Experts,
PAA(4), No. 1, 2001, pp. 51-60.
HTML Version. 0105 BibRef

Hennig, A., Sherkat, N.,
Exploiting zoning based on approximating splines in cursive script recognition,
PR(35), No. 2, February 2002, pp. 445-454.
WWW Version. 0201 BibRef

Arica, N.[Nafiz], Yarman-Vural, F.T.[Fatos T.],
One-dimensional representation of two-dimensional information for HMM based handwriting recognition,
PRL(21), No. 6-7, June 2000, pp. 583-592. 0006 BibRef
Earlier: ICIP98(II: 948-952).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9810 BibRef

Arica, N.[Nafiz], Yarman-Vural, F.T.[Fatos T.],
Optical Character Recognition for Cursive Handwriting,
PAMI(24), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 801-813.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0206Estimate some global parameters (slant, etc.). Segment character paths. Apply HMM for shape recognition on characters. Lexicon and character rank to find optimal recognition. BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
An unconstrained handwriting recognition system,
IJDAR(4), No. 4, 2002, pp. 226-242.
HTML Version. 0208 BibRef
And:
Handwritten character recognition based on structural characteristics,
ICPR02(III: 139-142).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Sgarbas, K., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Handwritten word recognition based on structural characteristics and Lexical support,
ICDAR03(562-566).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Liolios, N., Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
A new shape transformation approach to handwritten character recognition,
ICPR02(I: 584-587).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef

Dehkordi, M.E.[Mandana Ebadian], Sherkat, N.[Nasser], Allen, T.[Tony],
Handwriting style classification,
IJDAR(6), No. 1, 2003, pp. 55-74.
HTML Version. 0308 BibRef
Earlier:
Prediction of handwriting legibility,
ICDAR01(997-1001).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef

Chi, Z.[Zheru], Wang, Q.[Qing], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Hierarchical content classification and script determination for automatic document image processing,
PR(36), No. 11, November 2003, pp. 2483-2500.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, Different A3: Zhao, R.[Rongehun], ICPR02(III: 77-80).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef

Günter, S.[Simon], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Optimization of Weights in a Multiple Classifier Handwritten Word Recognition System Using a Genetic Algorithm,
ELCVIA(3), No. 1, 2004, pp. 25-44.
WWW Version. 0402 BibRef
Earlier:
Fast Feature Selection in an HMM-Based Multiple Classifier System for Handwriting Recognition,
DAGM03(289-296).
HTML Version. 0310 BibRef

Günter, S.[Simon], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Ensembles of classifiers for handwritten word recognition,
IJDAR(5), No. 4, July 2003, pp. 224-232.
HTML Version. 0308 Word Recognition. BibRef
Earlier:
A new combination scheme for HMM-based classifiers and its application to handwriting recognition,
ICPR02(II: 332-337).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef
And:
Creation of classifier ensembles for handwritten word recognition using feature selection algorithms,
FHR02(183-188).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Gunter, S., Bunke, H.,
An evaluation of ensemble methods in handwritten word recognition based on feature selection,
ICPR04(I: 388-392).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0409 BibRef

Zheng, Y.F.[Ye-Feng], Li, H.P.[Hui-Ping], Doermann, D.[David],
Machine printed text and handwriting identification in noisy document images,
PAMI(26), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 337-353.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402 BibRef
Earlier:
Text identification in noisy document images using Markov random field,
ICDAR03(599-603).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
The Segmentation and Identification of Handwriting in Noisy Document Images,
DAS02(95 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef

Wolf, C., Doermann, D.,
Binarization of low quality text using a Markov random field model,
ICPR02(III: 160-163).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef

Zheng, Y.F.[Ye-Feng], Doermann, D.,
Handwriting matching and its application to handwriting synthesis,
ICDAR05(II: 861-865).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Veeramachaneni, S.[Sriharsha], Nagy, G.[George],
Style Context with Second-Order Statistics,
PAMI(27), No. 1, January 2005, pp. 14-22.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0412 BibRef
Earlier:
Towards a Ptolemaic Model for OCR,
ICDAR03(1060-1064).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311Style Context: dependencies between patterns. Reduce error rate on digits. BibRef

Veeramachaneni, S.[Sriharsha], Nagy, G.[George],
Analytical Results on Style-Constrained Bayesian Classification of Pattern Fields,
PAMI(29), No. 7, July 2007, pp. 1280-1285.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0706Style context is the basis for order independent field classification. See also Style Consistent Classification of Isogenous Patterns. BibRef

El-Nasan, A., Veeramachaneni, S., Nagy, G.,
Handwriting recognition using position sensitive letter N-gram matching,
ICDAR03(577-582).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
Word discrimination based on bigram co-occurrences,
ICDAR01(149-153).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef

El-Nasan, A., Perrone, M.P.,
On-line handwriting recognition using character bigram match vectors,
FHR02(67-71).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

El-Nasan, A., Nagy, G.,
On-line handwriting recognition based on bigram co-occurrences,
ICPR02(III: 740-743).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef

Veeramachaneni, S.[Sriharsha],
Style Constrained Quadratic Field Classifiers,
Ph.D.Thesis, RPI, Troy, NY, 2002. BibRef 0200

Vincent, N., Seropian, A., Stamon, G.,
Synthesis for handwriting analysis,
PRL(26), No. 3, February 2005, pp. 267-275.
WWW Version. 0501 BibRef

Steinherz, T.[Tal], Rivlin, E.[Ehud], Intrator, N.[Nathan], Neskovic, P.[Predrag],
An Integration of Online and Pseudo-Online Information for Cursive Word Recognition,
PAMI(27), No. 5, May 2005, pp. 669-683.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501Use stroke order information and an offline style recognition. Word level recognition. BibRef

Doermann, D., Intrator, N., Rivlin, E., Steinherz, T.,
Hidden loop recovery for handwriting recognition,
FHR02(375-380).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Wang, J.[Jue], Wu, C.Y.[Chen-Yu], Xu, Y.Q.[Ying-Qing], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung],
Combining shape and physical models for online cursive handwriting synthesis,
IJDAR(7), No. 4, September 2005, pp. 219-227.
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Wang, J.[Jue], Wu, C.Y.[Chen-Yu], Xu, Y.Q.[Ying-Qing], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung], Ji, L.[Liang],
Learning-based cursive handwriting synthesis,
FHR02(157-162).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Viard-Gaudin, C.[Christian], Lallican, P.M.[Pierre-Michel], Knerr, S.[Stefan],
Recognition-directed recovering of temporal information from handwriting images,
PRL(26), No. 16, December 2005, pp. 2537-2548.
WWW Version. 0512 BibRef

Fujioka, H., Kano, H., Nakata, H., Shinoda, H.,
Constructing and Reconstructing Characters, Words, and Sentences by Synthesizing Writing Motions,
SMC-A(36), No. 4, July 2006, pp. 661-670.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0606 BibRef

Lin, Z.C.[Zhou-Chen], Wan, L.[Liang],
Style-preserving English handwriting synthesis,
PR(40), No. 7, July 2007, pp. 2097-2109.
WWW Version. 0704Handwriting; Handwriting synthesis; Writing style; Cursive; Connection BibRef


Niels, R., Vuurpijl, L.,
Generating Copybooks from Consistent Handwriting Styles,
ICDAR07(1009-1013).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Fink, G.A., Plotz, T.,
On the Use of Context-Dependent Modeling Units for HMM-Based Offline Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR07(729-733).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Vikram, T.N., Guru, D.S.,
Appearance Based Models in Document Script Identification,
ICDAR07(709-713).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Ye, M., Viola, P., Raghupathy, S., Sutanto, H., Li, C.,
Learning to Group Text Lines and Regions in Freeform Handwritten Notes,
ICDAR07(28-32).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Ye, M., Sutanto, H., Raghupathy, S., Li, C., Shilman, M.,
Grouping text lines in freeform handwritten notes,
ICDAR05(I: 367-371).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Shilman, M.[Michael], Wei, Z.[Zile],
Recognizing Freeform Digital Ink Annotations,
DAS04(322-331).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Shilman, M., Wei, Z.[Zile], Raghupathy, S., Simard, P.Y., Jones, D.,
Discerning structure from freeform handwritten notes,
ICDAR03(60-65).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Pan, W.M., Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Bui, T.D.[Tien D.],
Script identification using steerable Gabor filters,
ICDAR05(II: 883-887).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Htwe, S.M.[Swe Myo], Higgins, C.[Colin], Leedham, G.[Graham], Yang, M.[Ma],
Post-processing of Handwritten Pitman's Shorthand Using Unigram and Heuristic Approaches,
DAS04(332-336).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Lemaitre, M.[Melanie], Grosicki, E.[Emmanuele], Preteux, F.[Francoise],
Preliminary experiments in layout analysis of handwritten letters based on textural and spatial information and a 2D Markovian approach,
ICDAR07(1023-1027).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Chevalier, S., Geoffrois, E., Preteux, F.J., Lemaitre, M.,
A generic 2D approach of handwriting recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 489-493).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Pervouchine, V., Leedham, G., Melikhov, K.,
Three-stage handwriting stroke extraction method with hidden loop recovery,
ICDAR05(I: 307-311).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Long, T.[Teng], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
Hybrid recognition for one stroke style cursive handwriting characters,
ICDAR05(I: 232-236).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Senda, S., Yamada, K.,
A maximum-likelihood approach to segmentation-based recognition of unconstrained handwriting text,
ICDAR01(184-188).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef

Evreinov, G.[Grigori], Raisamo, R.[Roope],
Rapid Evaluation of the Handwriting Performance for Gesture Based Text Input,
GW05(339-342).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Lau, K.K., Yuen, P.C., Tang, Y.Y.,
Recovery of writing sequence of static images of handwriting using UWM,
ICDAR03(1123-1128).
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Ruiz-Pinales, J., Lecolinet, E.,
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ICPR02(III: 53-56).
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Vuori, V.,
Clustering writing styles with a self-organizing map,
FHR02(345-350).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Tomai, C.I., Zhang, B.[Bin], Govindaraju, V.,
Transcript mapping for historic handwritten document images,
FHR02(413-418).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Park, J.S., Kang, H.J., Lee, S.W.,
Automatic Quality Measurement of Gray-scale Handwriting Based on Extended Average Entropy,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 426-429).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
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Veloso, L.R.[Luciana Ribeiro], de Sousa, R., de Carvalho, J.M.[Joao Marques],
A New Morphological Method for Cursive Word Segmentation,
ICIP00(Vol II: 704-707).
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Ruiz-Pinales, J., Lecolinet, E.,
Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using the Hough Transform and a Neural Network,
ICPR00(Vol II: 231-234).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Scagliola, C., Nicchiotti, G.,
Crisp and Fuzzy Evaluations and D.P. Algorithms for Dealing with Extra Ink in Cursive Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 19-22).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Yamada, K.[Keiji],
Handwritten Text Retrieval Using Two-Stage Pattern Matching with Handwritten Query,
ICPR98(Vol I: 621-625).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9808 BibRef

Wakahara, T.[Toru], Ogura, K.[Kenji],
Extended Mean Shift in Handwriting Clustering,
ICPR98(Vol I: 384-388).
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Franke, J., Gloger, J.M., Kaltenmeier, A., Mandler, E.,
A Comparison of Normal Distribution and Polynomial Classifiers in a Hidden Markov Model Based System for the Recognition of Cursive Script,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Jaeger, S.,
A Psychomotor Method For Tracking Handwriting,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Jaeger, S.,
Recovering Dynamic Information from Static, Handwritten Word Images,
Ph.D.Thesis, 1998. BibRef 9800

Jaeger, S.,
Recovering Writing Traces in Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: Using a Global Optimization Technique,
ICPR96(III: 150-154).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9608(Daimler-Benz AG, D) BibRef

Yanikoglu, B.A., Sandon, P.A.,
Recognizing Off-Line Cursive Handwriting,
CVPR94(397-403).
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Navarro, A., Allen, C.R.[Charles R.],
Towards a writer-dependent hand-written character recogniser,
ICIP96(II: 189-192).
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Stettiner, O., Chazan, D.,
A statistical parametric model for recognition and synthesis of handwriting,
ICPR94(B:34-38).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9410 BibRef

Higgins, C.A., Ford, D.M.,
Online recognition of connected handwriting by segmentation and template matching,
ICPR92(II:200-203).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9208 BibRef

Singer, Y., Tisby, N.,
Dynamical encoding of cursive handwriting,
CVPR93(341-346).
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Kondo, S., Maitree, K., Itoh, D., Atsuta, K.,
Structure analysis of handwriting using opposing relations,
ICPR92(II:529-532).
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Kondo, S., Attachoo, B.,
Model of Handwriting Process and Its Analysis,
ICPR86(562-565). BibRef 8600

Nag, R., Wong, K.H., and Fallside, F.,
Script Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models,
ICASSP86(2071-2074). BibRef 8600

Lecolinet, E., Crettez, J.P.,
A Grapheme-Based Segmentation Technique for Cursive Script Recognition,
ICDAR91(740-xx). BibRef 9100

Wong, K.H., Fallside, F.,
Dynamic Programming in the Recognition of Connected Handwritten Script,
CAIA85(666-670). BibRef 8500

Sinha, R.M.K.,
A Knowledge Based Script Reader,
ICPR84(763-765). BibRef 8400

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Cursive Script, Word Level Recognition, Language Model .


Last update:Oct 1, 2008 at 09:28:47