23.4.6.3.1 Cursive Script, Word Level Recognition, Language Model

Sayre, K.,
Machine Recognition of Handwritten Words: A Project Report,
PR(5), No. 3, September 1973, pp. 213-228.
WWW Version. BibRef 7309

Farag, R.F.H.,
Word-Level Recognition of Cursive Script,
TC(28), No. 2, February 1979, pp. 172-175. BibRef 7902

Hayes, K.C.,
Reading Handwritten Words Using Hierarchical Relaxation,
CGIP(14), No. 4, December 1980, pp. 344-364.
WWW Version. BibRef 8012
And:
Understanding Handwriting,
UMD-TR, 1981. BibRef Ph.D.Thesis. BibRef

Brown, M.K., and Ganapathy, S.,
Preprocessing Techniques for Cursive Script Word Recognition,
PR(16), No. 5, 1983, pp. 447-458.
WWW Version. Skew Correction. Skew correction. First skew then slant. BibRef 8300

Kundu, A.[Amlan], He, Y.[Yang], Bahl, P.[Paramvir],
Recognition of Handwritten Words: First and Second Order Hidden Markov Model Based Approach,
PR(22), No. 3, 1989, pp. 283-297.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef
Earlier: CVPR88(457-462).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef

Kundu, A., Beach, R.,
Machine reading of handwritten text information in field technician's maps,
ICIP98(II: 943-947).
IEEE DOI Reference 9810 BibRef

Simon, J.C.,
Off-Line Cursive Word Recognition,
PIEEE(80), No. 7, July 1992, pp. 1150-yy.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9207

Paquet, T.[Thierry], Lecourtier, Y.[Yves],
Recognition of handwritten sentences using a restricted lexicon,
PR(26), No. 3, March 1993, pp. 391-407.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Chen, M.Y.[Mou-Yen], Kundu, A.[Amlan], and Zhou, J.,
Off-Line Handwritten Word Recognition Using a Hidden Markov Model Type Stochastic Network,
PAMI(16), No. 5, May 1994, pp. 481-496.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9405
Earlier:
Off-line handwritten word recognition (HWR) using a single contextual hidden Markov model,
CVPR92(669-672).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

He, Y.[Yang], Chen, M.Y.[Mou-Yen], Kundu, A.,
Off-line handwritten word recognition using HMM with adaptive length Viterbi algorithm,
ICPR94(B:460-462).
IEEE DOI Reference 9410 BibRef

Chen, M.Y.[Mou-Yen], Kundu, A.[Amlan], and Srihari, S.N.,
Variable Duration Hidden Markov Model and Morphological Segmentation for Handwritten Word Recognition,
IP(4), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1675-1688.
IEEE DOI Reference BibRef 9512
Earlier: CVPR93(600-601).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef

Chen, M.Y.[Mou-Yen], Kundu, A.,
A complement to variable duration hidden Markov model in handwritten word recognition,
ICIP94(I: 174-178).
IEEE DOI Reference 9411 BibRef

Kundu, A.[Amlan], He, Y.[Yang], Chen, M.Y.[Mou-Yen],
Alternatives to Variable Duration HMM in Handwriting Recognition,
PAMI(20), No. 11, November 1998, pp. 1275-1280.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9811 BibRef

Kundu, A., Hines, T., Huyck, B., Phillips, J., van Guilder, L.,
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Variable Duration HMM,
ICDAR07(644-648).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Gilloux, M., Leroux, M., Bertille, J.M.,
Strategies for Cursive Script Recognition Using Hidden Markov-Models,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 197-205.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Gilloux, M.,
Writer adaptation for handwritten word recognition using hidden Markov models,
ICPR94(B:135-139).
IEEE DOI Reference 9410 BibRef

Leroux, M., Salome, J.C., and Badard, J.,
Recognition of Cursive Script Words in a Small Lexicon,
ICDAR91(774-xx). BibRef 9100

El-Yacoubi, M.A.[Mounim A.], Gilloux, M.[Michel], Sabourin, R., Suen, C.Y.,
An HMM-Based Approach for Off-Line Unconstrained Handwritten Word Modeling and Recognition,
PAMI(21), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 752-760.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Generate models of the written words -- shape, segmentation, shape, seg... BibRef 9908

Koerich, A.L., Sabourin, R.[Robert], Suen, C.Y.,
Recognition and Verification of Unconstrained Handwritten Words,
PAMI(27), No. 10, October 2005, pp. 1509-1522.
IEEE DOI Reference 0509Verify words from a large vocabulary. Start with segments then combine for words probabilities. BibRef

Koerich, A.L.[Alessandro L.], Sabourin, R.[Robert], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Lexicon-driven HMM decoding for large vocabulary handwriting recognition with multiple character models,
IJDAR(6), No. 2, 2003, pp. 126-144.
Springer DOI Reference 0310 BibRef
Earlier:
A distributed scheme for lexicon-driven handwritten word recognition and its application to large vocabulary problems,
ICDAR01(660-664).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Koerich, A.L., Leydier, Y., Sabourin, R., Suen, C.Y.,
A hybrid large vocabulary handwritten word recognition system using neural networks with hidden markov models,
FHR02(99-104).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Sabourin, R.[Robert], El-Yacoubi, A.[Abdenaim],
Improved Model Architecture and Training Phase in an Off-Line HMM-Based Word Recognition System,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1521-1525).
IEEE DOI Reference 9808 BibRef

Morita, M., Sabourin, R., Bortolozzi, F., Suen, C.Y.,
Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms for Handwritten Word Recognition,
ICDAR03(666-670).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 See also Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Numerical Strings: A Recognition and Verification Strategy. BibRef

Clergeautournemire, S., Plamondon, R.,
Integration of Lexical and Syntactic Knowledge in a Handwriting-Recognition System,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 249-259.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Kim, G.G.[Gyeon-Ghwan], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
A Lexicon Driven Approach to Handwritten Word Recognition for Real-Time Applications,
PAMI(19), No. 4, April 1997, pp. 366-379.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9705Preprocessing is done on a chain code representing the word contour. Recognition on a lexicon of 10 words. BibRef

Kim, G.G.[Gyeon-Ghwan], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Handwritten Phrase Recognition As Applied To Street Name Images,
PR(31), No. 1, January 1998, pp. 41-51.
WWW Version. 9802 BibRef
Earlier:
Recognition of Handwritten Phrases as Applied to Street Name Images,
CVPR96(459-464).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef
And:
Efficient Chain Code Based Image Manipulation for Handwritten Word Recognition,
SPIE(2660), 1996, pp. 262-272. BibRef

Govindaraju, V., Krishnamurthy, R.K.,
Holistic Handwritten Word Recognition Using Temporal Features Derived from Off-Line Images,
PRL(17), No. 5, May 1 1996, pp. 537-540. 9606 BibRef

Madhvanath, S.[Sriganesh], Kleinberg, E.[Evelyn], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Holistic Verification of Handwritten Phrases,
PAMI(21), No. 12, December 1999, pp. 1344-1356.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0001Word verification, as for street names. See also Local reference lines for handwritten phrase recognition. BibRef

Madhvanath, S., Kleinberg, E., Govindaraju, V., Srihari, S.N.,
The Hover System for Rapid Holistic Verification of Off-Line Handwritten Phrases,
ICDAR97(We-1A) 9708 BibRef

Madhvanath, S., Govindaraju, V., Srihari, S.N.,
Reading Handwritten Phrases on US Census Forms,
IJIST(7), No. 4, Winter 1996, pp. 312-319. 9612 BibRef

Madhvanath, S., Kim, G.G.[Gyeon-Ghwan], Govindaraju, V.,
Chaincode Contour Processing for Handwritten Word Recognition,
PAMI(21), No. 9, September 1999, pp. 928-932.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Chain Codes. Processing exterior contour of the signatures. BibRef 9909

Madhvanath, S.[Sriganesh], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition,
PAMI(23), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 149-164.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0102 BibRef
Earlier:
Contour-Based Image Preprocessing for Holistic Handwritten Word Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poster) 9708 BibRef
And:
Pruning Large Lexicons Using Generalized Word Shape Descriptors,
ICDAR97(Poster) 9708The word is the entity, recognize words. See also Local reference lines for handwritten phrase recognition. BibRef

Madhvanath, S., Krpasundar, V., Govindaraju, V.,
Syntactic methodology of pruning large lexicons in cursive script recognition,
PR(34), No. 1, January 2001, pp. 37-46.
WWW Version. 0010 BibRef

Kim, G.G.[Gyeon-Ghwan], Govindaraju, V., Srihari, S.N.,
A Segmentation and Recognition Strategy for Handwritten Phrases,
ICPR96(IV: 510-514).
IEEE DOI Reference 9608(State Univ. of NY-Buffalo, USA) BibRef

Dewaard, W.P.,
An Optimized Minimal Edit Distance for Hand-Written Word Recognition,
PRL(16), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1091-1096. BibRef 9510

Eliaz, A., Geiger, D.,
Word-Level Recognition of Small Sets of Hand-Written Words,
PRL(16), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 999-1009. BibRef 9510

Cho, W.Y., Lee, S.W., Kim, J.H.,
Modeling and Recognition of Cursive Words with Hidden Markov-Models,
PR(28), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1941-1953.
WWW Version. BibRef 9512

Gader, P.D., Mohamed, M.A., Keller, J.M.,
Dynamic-Programming-Based Handwritten Word Recognition Using the Choquet Fuzzy Integral as the Match Function,
JEI(5), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 15-24. BibRef 9601

Gader, P.D., Mohamed, M.A., Chinag, J.H.,
Comparison of Crisp and Fuzzy Character Neural Networks in Handwritten Word Recognition,
Fuzzy(3), No. 3, August 1995, pp. 357-364. BibRef 9508

Gader, P.D., Mohamed, M.A., Chiang, J.H.,
Handwritten Word Recognition with Character and Inter-Character Neural Networks,
SMC-B(27), No. 1, February 1997, pp. 158-164.
IEEE Top Reference. 9702Compare to a given lexicon of words. BibRef

Mohamed, M.A., Gader, P.,
Handwritten Word Recognition Using Segmentation-Free Hidden Markov Modeling and Segmentation-Based Dynamic-Programming Techniques,
PAMI(18), No. 5, May 1996, pp. 548-554.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9606Recognize words, not letters. BibRef

Gader, P.D., Whalen, M., Ganzberger, M., Hepp, D.,
Handprinted Word Recognition on a NIST Data Set,
MVA(8), No. 1, 1995, pp. 31-40. Performance Analysis. BibRef 9500

Gader, P.D., Mohamed, M.A., Keller, J.M.,
Fusion of Handwritten Word Classifiers,
PRL(17), No. 6, May 15 1996, pp. 577-584. 9607 BibRef

Chiang, J.H.,
A Hybrid Neural Network Model in Handwritten Word Recognition,
NeurNet(11), No. 2, March 1998, pp. 337-346. 9806 BibRef

Parisse, C.,
Global Word Shape Processing in Off-Line Recognition of Handwriting,
PAMI(18), No. 4, April 1996, pp. 460-464.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9605Large lexicon (16000 words). Recognition by words, not letter by letter. Uses profiles (fine and coarse). BibRef

Powalka, R.K., Sherkat, N., Whitrow, R.J.,
Word Shape-Analysis for a Hybrid Recognition System,
PR(30), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 421-445.
WWW Version. 9705 BibRef

Sherkat, N.,
Influence of zoning on whole word recognition,
ICDAR05(II: 1085-1089).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Saon, G.[George],
Cursive word recognition using a random field based hidden Markov model,
ICDAR(1), No. 4 1999, pp. 199-208. BibRef 9900

Zimmermann, M.[Matthias], Mao, J.[Jianchang],
Lexicon reduction using key characters in cursive handwritten words,
PRL(20), No. 11-13, November 1999, pp. 1297-1304. 0001 BibRef

Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro], Luettin, J.[Juergen],
A new normalization technique for cursive handwritten words,
PRL(22), No. 9, July 2001, pp. 1043-1050.
HTML Version. 0106 BibRef

Verma, B., Gader, P.D., Chen, W.T.,
Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques,
PRL(22), No. 9, July 2001, pp. 991-998.
HTML Version. 0106 BibRef

Liu, J.H.[Jin-Hui], Gader, P.D.[Paul D.],
Neural networks with enhanced outlier rejection ability for off-line handwritten word recognition,
PR(35), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 2061-2071.
WWW Version. 0206 BibRef
Earlier:
Outlier Rejection with MLPs and Variants of RBF Networks,
ICPR00(Vol II: 680-683).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.,
The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition,
IJDAR(5), No. 1, 2002, pp. 39-46.
HTML Version. 0211 BibRef
Earlier:
On the influence of vocabulary size and language models in unconstrained handwritten text recognition,
ICDAR01(260-265).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Marti, U.V., Messerli, R., Bunke, H.,
Writer identification using text line based features,
ICDAR01(101-105).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.,
Text line segmentation and word recognition in a system for general writer independent handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(159-163).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.,
Handwritten Sentence Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol III: 463-466).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro],
A survey on off-line Cursive Word Recognition,
PR(35), No. 7, July 2002, pp. 1433-1446.
WWW Version. 0204 Survey, Handwriting. BibRef

Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro], Bengio, S.[Samy],
Writer adaptation techniques in HMM based Off-Line Cursive Script Recognition,
PRL(23), No. 8, June 2002, pp. 905-916.
HTML Version. 0204 BibRef
Earlier:
Writer adaptation techniques in off-line cursive word recognition,
FHR02(287-291).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef
Earlier:
Offline cursive word recognition using continuous density hidden Markov models trained with PCA or ICA features,
ICPR02(III: 81-84).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro], Bengio, S.[Samy], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Offline Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Texts Using HMMs and Statistical Language Models,
PAMI(26), No. 6, June 2004, pp. 709-720.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0404 BibRef
Earlier:
Offline Recognition of Large Vocabulary Cursive Handwritten Text,
ICDAR03(1101-1105).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311Use language models to improve recognition of cursive script. BibRef

Zimmermann, M., Bunke, H.,
Optimizing the integration of a statistical language model in HMM based offline handwritten text recognition,
ICPR04(II: 541-544).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Bertolami, R.[Roman], Zimmermann, M.[Matthias], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Rejection Strategies for Offline Handwritten Text Line Recognition,
PRL(27), No. 16, December 2006, pp. 2005-2012.
WWW Version. 0611 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Rejection strategies for offline handwritten sentence recognition,
ICPR04(II: 550-553).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409Handwritten text recognition; Rejection strategies; Statistical language model BibRef

Bertolami, R.[Roman], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Hidden Markov Model-Based Ensemble Methods for Offline Handwritten Text Line Recognition,
PR(41), No. 11, November 2008, pp. 3452-3460.
WWW Version. 0808 BibRef
Earlier:
Multiple Handwritten Text Line Recognition Systems Derived from Specific Integration of a Language Model,
ICDAR05(I: 521-527).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508Offline handwritten text line recognition; Ensemble methods; Confidence measures BibRef

Bunke, H., Roth, M., Schukat-Talamazzini, E.G.,
Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov-Models,
PR(28), No. 9, September 1995, pp. 1399-1413.
WWW Version. BibRef 9509
Earlier:
Off-line recognition of cursive script produced by a cooperative writer,
ICPR94(B:383-386).
IEEE DOI Reference 9410 BibRef

Camastra, F.[Francesco], Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro],
Cursive character recognition by learning vector quantization,
PRL(22), No. 6-7, May 2001, pp. 625-629.
HTML Version. 0105 BibRef

Camastra, F.[Francesco], Spinetti, M.[Marco], Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro],
Offline Cursive Character Challenge: a New Benchmark for Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition Algorithms.,
ICPR06(II: 913-916).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Camastra, F.[Francesco],
A SVM-based cursive character recognizer,
PR(40), No. 12, December 2007, pp. 3721-3727.
WWW Version. 0709Support vector machines; Neural gas; Learning vector quantization; Multi-layer-perceptron; Crossvalidation; Cursive character recognition BibRef

Pitrelli, J.F.[John F.], Roy, A.[Amit],
Creating word-level language models for large-vocabulary handwriting recognition,
IJDAR(5), No. 2-3, April 2003, pp. 126-137.
HTML Version. 0308 BibRef
Earlier:
Creating word-level language models for handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(721-725).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Pitrelli, J.F.[John F.], Subrahmonia, J.[Jayashree], Perrone, M.P.[Michael P.],
Confidence modeling for handwriting recognition: Algorithms and Applications,
IJDAR(8), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 35-46.
Springer DOI Reference 0605 BibRef

Pitrelli, J.F., Perrone, M.P.,
Confidence-scoring post-processing for off-line handwritten-character recognition verification,
ICDAR03(278-282).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
Confidence modeling for verification post-processing for handwriting recognition,
FHR02(30-35).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Günter, S.[Simon], Bunke, H.[Horst],
HMM-based handwritten word recognition: on the optimization of the number of states, training iterations and Gaussian components,
PR(37), No. 10, October 2004, pp. 2069-2079.
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef
Earlier:
Optimizing the number of states, training iterations and Gaussians in an HMM-based handwritten word recognizer,
ICDAR03(472-476).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Liwicki, M.[Marcus], Scherz, M.[Mathias], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Word Extraction from On-Line Handwritten Text Lines,
ICPR06(II: 929-933).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Varga, T., Bunke, H.,
Tree structure for word extraction from handwritten text lines,
ICDAR05(I: 352-356).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef
Earlier:
Off-line handwritten textline recognition using a mixture of natural and synthetic training data,
ICPR04(II: 545-549).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef
Earlier:
Generation of synthetic training data for an HMM-based handwriting recognition system,
ICDAR03(618-622).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Liwicki, M., Indermuhle, E., Bunke, H.,
On-Line Handwritten Text Line Detection Using Dynamic Programming,
ICDAR07(447-451).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Günter, S.[Simon], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Feature selection algorithms for the generation of multiple classifier systems and their application to handwritten word recognition,
PRL(25), No. 11, August 2004, pp. 1323-1336.
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Zimmermann, M., Chappelier, J.C., Bunke, H.,
Offline Grammar-Based Recognition of Handwritten Sentences,
PAMI(28), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 818-821.
IEEE DOI Reference 0604 BibRef
Earlier:
Parsing N-best lists of handwritten sentences,
ICDAR03(572-576).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Rath, T.M.[Toni M.], Manmatha, R.,
Word spotting for historical documents,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 139-152.
Springer DOI Reference 0704 BibRef
And: IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 299.
Springer DOI Reference 0704 BibRef
Earlier:
Word image matching using dynamic time warping,
CVPR03(II: 521-527).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0307 BibRef
And:
Features for word spotting in historical manuscripts,
ICDAR03(218-222).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Lavrenko, V., Rath, T.M.[Toni M.], Manmatha, R.,
Holistic word recognition for handwritten historical documents,
DIAL04(278-287).
IEEE DOI Reference 0404 BibRef

Adamek, T.[Tomasz], O'Connor, N.E.[Noel E.], Smeaton, A.F.[Alan F.],
Word matching using single closed contours for indexing handwritten historical documents,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 153-165.
Springer DOI Reference 0704 See also multiscale representation method for nonrigid shapes with a single closed contour, A. BibRef

Konidaris, T., Gatos, B., Ntzios, K., Pratikakis, I.E., Theodoridis, S., Perantonis, S.J.,
Keyword-guided word spotting in historical printed documents using synthetic data and user feedback,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 167-177.
Springer DOI Reference 0704 BibRef

Ruiz-Pinales, J.[Jose], Jaime-Rivas, R.[Rene], Castro-Bleda, M.J.[Maria Jose],
Holistic cursive word recognition based on perceptual features,
PRL(28), No. 13, 1 October 2007, pp. 1600-1609.
WWW Version. 0709Holistic cursive script recognition; Perceptual features; Convolutional feature extraction BibRef

Quiniou, S.[Solen], Anquetil, E.[Eric],
Use of a Confusion Network to Detect and Correct Errors in an On-Line Handwritten Sentence Recognition System,
ICDAR07(382-386).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Shetty, S., Srinivasan, H., Srihari, S.,
Handwritten Word Recognition Using Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR07(1098-1102).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Hirayama, J.[Junichi], Nakayama, H.[Hidehisa], Kato, N.[Nei],
A Classifier of Similar Characters using Compound Mahalanobis Function based on Difference Subspace,
ICDAR07(432-436).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Inoue, R.[Ryo], Nakayama, H.[Hidehisa], Kato, N.[Nei],
Historical Hand-Written String Recognition by Non-linear Discriminant Analysis using Kernel Feature Selection,
ICPR06(II: 1094-1097).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Gatos, B.[Basilios], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.], Perantonis, S.J.[Stavros J.],
Hybrid Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Word Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 998-1002).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Cheng, C.K.[Chun Ki], Blumenstein, M.,
The neural-based segmentation of cursive words using enhanced heuristics,
ICDAR05(II: 650-654).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Rusu, A., Govindaraju, V.,
A human interactive proof algorithm using handwriting recognition,
ICDAR05(II: 967-971).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Jaeger, S., Ma, H., Doermann, D.,
Identifying script on word-level with informational confidence,
ICDAR05(I: 416-420).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Sas, J.[Jerzy], Markowska-Kaczmar, U.[Urszula],
Semi-automatic Training Sets Acquisition for Handwriting Recognition,
CAIP07(531-538).
Springer DOI Reference 0708 BibRef

Kurzynski, M.[Marek], Sas, J.[Jerzy],
Combining Character Level Classifier and Probabilistic Lexicons in Handwritten Word Recognition: Comparative Analysis of Methods,
CAIP05(330).
Springer DOI Reference 0509 BibRef

Günter, S.[Simon], Bunke, H.[Horst],
Ensembles of Classifiers for Handwritten Word Recognition Specialized on Individual Handwriting Style,
DAS04(286-297).
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Ma, H.[Huanfeng], Doermann, D.,
Adaptive OCR with limited user feedback,
ICDAR05(II: 814-818).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef
Earlier:
Adaptive word style classification using a gaussian mixture model,
ICPR04(II: 606-609).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Dupre, X., Augustin, E.,
Hidden markov models for couples of letters applied to handwriting recognition,
ICPR04(II: 618-621).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Azzabou, N., Likforman-Sulem, L.,
Neural network-based proper names extraction in fax images,
ICPR04(I: 421-424).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Likforman-Sulem, L., Vaillant, P., Yvon, F.,
Proper names extraction from fax images combining textual and image features,
ICDAR03(545-549).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Liu, X.[Xia], Shi, Z.[Zhixin],
A format-driven handwritten word recognition system,
ICDAR03(1118-1122).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Quiniou, S., Anquetil, E., Carbonnel, S.,
Statistical language models for on-line handwritten sentence recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 516-520).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Carbonnel, S., Anquetil, E.,
Lexical post-processing optimization for handwritten word recognition,
ICDAR03(477-481).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Schambach, M.P.,
Fast script word recognition with very large vocabulary,
ICDAR05(I: 9-13).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef
Earlier:
Determination of the number of writing variants with an HMM based cursive word recognition system,
ICDAR03(119-123).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
And:
Model length adaptation of an HMM based cursive word recognition system,
ICDAR03(109-113).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Ishidera, E.[Eiki], Lucas, S.M.[Simon M.], Downton, A.C.[Andrew C.],
Top-Down Likelihood Word Image Generation Model for Holistic Word Recognition,
DAS02(82 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef
And:
Likelihood word image generation model for word recognition,
ICPR02(III: 172-175).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Ishidera, E., Nishiwaki, D.,
A study on top-down word image generation for handwritten word recognition,
ICDAR03(1173-1177).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Wang, W.W.[Wen-Wei], Brakensiek, A., Rigoll, G.,
Combining HMM-based two-pass classifiers for off-line word recognition,
ICPR02(III: 151-154).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef
And:
Combination of multiple classifiers for handwritten word recognition,
FHR02(117-122).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 See also Evaluation of Confidence Measures for On-Line Handwriting Recognition. BibRef

Wang, W.W.[Wen-Wei], Brakensiek, A., Kosmala, A., Rigoll, G.,
Multi-branch and two-pass HMM modeling approaches for off-line cursive handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(231-235).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Schuessler, M.,
Automating performance optimization for script word recognition systems,
FHR02(139-144).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Al-Ohali, Y., Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
Dynamic observations and dynamic state termination for off-line handwritten word recognition using HMM,
FHR02(314-319).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef
And:
Introducing termination probabilities to HMM,
ICPR02(III: 319-322).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Al-Ohali, Y., Cheriet, M., Suen, C.Y.,
Efficient estimation of pen trajectory from off-line handwritten words,
ICPR02(III: 323-326).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

de Oliveira, J.J., de Carvalho, J.M., de A. Freitas, C.O., Sabourin, R.,
Feature sets evaluation for handwritten word recognition,
FHR02(446-451).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

de A. Freitas, C.O., Bortolozzi, F., Sabourin, R.,
Handwritten isolated word recognition: an approach based on Mutual Information for feature set validation,
ICDAR01(665-669).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Tay, Y.H.[Yong Haur], Lallican, P.M., Khalid, M., Knerr, S., Viard-Gaudin, C.,
An analytical handwritten word recognition system with word-level discriminant training,
ICDAR01(726-730).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Lucas, S.M., Tams, A.C., Cho, S.J., Ryu, S., Downton, A.C.,
Robust word recognition for museum archive card indexing,
ICDAR01(144-148).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Koshinaka, T., Nishiwaki, D., Yamada, K.,
A stochastic model for handwritten word recognition using context dependency between character patterns,
ICDAR01(154-158).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Kwok, T.Y., Perrone, M.P.,
Adaptive N-best-list handwritten word recognition,
ICDAR01(168-172).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Loo, P.K.[Poh Kok], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Detection of word groups based on irregular pyramid,
ICDAR01(200-204).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yue], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua], Fan, L.Y.[Li-Ying],
An approach to word image matching based on weighted Hausdorff distance,
ICDAR01(921-925).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Bojovic, M.[Marija], Savic, M.D.[Minan D.],
Training of Hidden Markov Models for Cursive Handwritten Word Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol I: 973-976).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

El-Nasan, A., Nagy, G.,
Ink-link,
ICPR00(Vol II: 573-576).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009Word matching using features of the curve BibRef

Ding, Y., Kimura, F., Miyake, Y., Shridhar, M.,
Accuracy Improvement of Slant Estimation for Handwritten Words,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 527-530).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Kim, J.H., Kim, K.K., Nadal, C.P., Suen, C.Y.,
A Methodology of Combining HMM and MLP Classifiers for Cursive Word Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol II: 319-322).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Augustin, E., Knerr, S.,
A Neural Network-Hidden Markov Model Hybrid for Cursive Word Recognition,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1518-1520).
IEEE DOI Reference 9808 BibRef

Manmatha, R., Han, C.F.[Cheng-Feng], Riseman, E.M.,
Word Spotting: A New Approach to Indexing Handwriting,
CVPR96(631-637).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9600
And:
Word Spotting,
UMassCS TR 95-105, December, 1995.
Postscript Version. Template match on the extracted words. BibRef

Manmatha, R., Han, C.F.[Cheng-Feng], Riseman, E.M., Croft, W.B.,
Indexing Handwriting Using Word Matching,
UMassCS TR 95-89, December, 1995.
Postscript Version. BibRef 9512

Shridhar, M., Kartheepan, M., Houle, G.F., Kimura, F.,
Handwritten Word Recognition Using Lexicon Free and Lexicon Directed Word Recognition Algorithms,
ICDAR97(We-1A) 9708 BibRef

Hero, III, A.O., O'Neill, J.C., Williams, W.J.,
Moment Matrices for Recognition of Spatial Pattern in Noisy Images,
ICIP97(II: 378-381).
IEEE DOI Reference BibRef 9700
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Word spotting via spatial point processes,
ICIP96(II: 217-220).
IEEE DOI Reference 9610 BibRef

Buse, R., Liu, Z.Q.A.[Zhi-Qi-Ang],
Feature extraction and analysis of handwritten words in grey-scale images using Gabor filters,
ICIP94(I: 164-168).
IEEE DOI Reference 9411 BibRef

Le Cun, Y.L.[Yann L.], Bengio, Y.[Yoshua],
Word-level training of a handwritten word recognizer based on convolutional neural networks,
ICPR94(B:88-92).
IEEE DOI Reference 9410 BibRef

Bengio, Y.[Yoshua], Le Cun, Y.L.[Yann L.],
Word normalization for online handwritten word recognition,
ICPR94(B:409-413).
IEEE DOI Reference 9410 BibRef

Plessis, B., Sicsu, A., Heute, L., Lecolinet, E., Debon, O., and Moreau, J.V.,
A Multi-Classifier Strategy for the Recognition of Handwritten Cursive Words,
ICDAR93(642-645). BibRef 9300

Lecolinet, E.,
A New Model for Context Driven Word Recognition,
SDAIR93(135-xx). BibRef 9300

Aoki, K., Yamaya, Y.,
Recognizer with Learning Mechanism for Hand-Written Script English Words,
ICPR86(690-692). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Cursive Script, Text Line Segmentation, Segmentation, Text Line Extraction .