23.4.6.2 Handwritten Characters

Chapter Contents (Back)
Printed Characters. Handwriting.

Kuhl, F.,
Classification and Recognition of Hand-Printed Characters,
IEE Natl. ConventionMarch 1963, pp. 75-93. BibRef 6303

Munson, J.H.,
Experiments in the Recognition of Handprinted Text: Part I Character Recognition,
FJCC68(1125-1138). BibRef 6800

Toussaint, G.T., and Donaldson, R.W.,
Algorithms for Recognizing Contour-Traced Handprinted Characters,
TC(19), 1970, pp. 541-546. BibRef 7000

Donaldson, R.W., and Toussaint, G.T.,
Use of Contextual Constraints in Recognition of Contour-Traced handprinted Characters,
TC(20), No. 8, August 1971, pp. 1096. BibRef 7108

Hussain, A.B.S., Toussaint, G.T., and Donaldson, R.W.,
Results Obtained Using a Simple Character Recognition Procedure on Munson's Handprinted Data,
TC(21), 1972, pp. 269-281. BibRef 7200

Casey, R.G.,
Moment Normalization of Handprinted Characters,
IBMRD(14), No. 5, September 1970, pp. 548-557. BibRef 7009

Narasimhan, R., Reddy, V.S.N.,
A syntax-aided recognition scheme for handprinted English letters,
PR(3), No. 4, November 1971, pp. 345-361.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Dutta, A.K.,
An Experimental Procedure for Handwritten Character Recognition,
TC(23), 1974, pp. 536-545. BibRef 7400

Lin, W.L., Scully, T.L.,
Computer Identification of Constrained Handprinted Characters with a High Recognition Rate,
SMC(4), 1974, pp. 497-504. BibRef 7400

Dasarathy, B.V., and Kumar, K.S.B.,
CHITRA: Cognitive Handprinted Input Trained Recursively Analyzing System for Recognition of Alphanumeric Characters,
CIS(7), September 1978, No. 3, pp. 253-282. BibRef 7809

Nevins, A.J.[Arthur J.],
An orientation free study of handprinted characters,
PR(11), No. 3, 1979, pp. 155-164.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Biswan, P., Majumnder, A.K.,
A Multistage Fuzzy Classifier for Recognition of Handprinted Characters,
SMC(11), 1981, pp. 834-838. BibRef 8100

Fleming, J.F., Hemmings, R.F.,
A Method of Recognition for Handwritten Block Capitals,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 457-464. BibRef 8300

Mori, S., Yamamoto, K., Yasuda, M.,
Research on Machine Recognition of Handprinted Characters,
PAMI(6), No. 4, July 1984, pp. 386-405. BibRef 8407

Brown, R.M., Fay, T.H., Walker, C.L.,
Handprinted Symbol Recognition System,
PR(21), No. 2, 1988, pp. 91-118.
WWW Version. BibRef 8800

Chen, L.H.[Ling-Hwei], Lieh, J.R.[June-Rong],
Handwritten character recognition using a 2-layer random graph model by relaxation matching,
PR(23), No. 11, 1990, pp. 1189-1205.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Fukushima, K., and Wake, N.,
Handwritten Alphanumeric Character Recognition by the Neocognitron,
TNN(2), No. 3, 1991, pp. 355-365. BibRef 9100

Kuan, C.C.[Chih-Chau], Hull, J.J.[Jonathan J.], Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
Method and apparatus for handwritten character recognition,
US_Patent5,058,182, October 15, 1991.
WWW Version. BibRef 9110

Blackwell, K.T., Vogl, T.P., Hyman, S.D., Barbour, G.S., Alkon, D.L.,
A new approach to hand-written character recognition,
PR(25), No. 6, June 1992, pp. 655-666.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Abe, K.[Keiko],
Character discrimination system employing height-to-width ratio and vertical extraction position information,
US_Patent5,138,668, August 11, 1992.
WWW Version. BibRef 9208

Guo, J., Sun, N., Nemoto, Y., Kimura, M., Echigo, H., Sato, R.,
Recognition of Handwritten Characters Using Pattern Transformation Method with Cosine Function,
IEICE(D-11, J176), No. 4, 1993, pp. 835-842. In Japanese. BibRef 9300

Smith, S.J., Bourgoin, M.O., Sims, K., Voorhees, H.L.,
Handwritten Character Classification Using Nearest-Neighbor in Large Databases,
PAMI(16), No. 9, September 1994, pp. 915-919.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9409

Kovacs-Vajna, Z.M., Guerrieri, R.,
Massively-Parallel Handwritten Character-Recognition Based on the Distance Transform,
PR(28), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 293-301.
WWW Version. BibRef 9503

Kovacs-Vajna, Z.M.,
A Novel Architecture for High-Quality Hand-Printed Character-Recognition,
PR(28), No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1685-1692.
WWW Version. BibRef 9511

Shustorovich, A., Thrasher, C.W.,
Neural-Network Positioning and Classification of Handwritten Characters,
NeurNet(9), No. 4, June 1996, pp. 685-693. 9607 BibRef
Earlier: ICPR96(D82.9). 9608(Eastman Kodak Company, USA) BibRef

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Holt, M.J.J., Datta, S.,
Processing of Off-Line Handwritten Text: Polygonal-Approximation and Enforcement of Temporal Information,
GMIP(56), No. 4, July 1994, pp. 324-335. BibRef 9407

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Holt, M.J.J., Datta, S.,
Straight-Line Approximation and 1D Representation of Off-Line Handwritten Text,
IVC(12), No. 10, December 1994, pp. 649-659.
WWW Version. BibRef 9412

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Datta, S., Holt, M.J.J.,
Fuzzy State Machines to Recognize Totally Unconstructed Handwritten Strokes,
IVC(13), No. 10, December 1995, pp. 755-769.
WWW Version. BibRef 9512

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Holt, M.J.J., Datta, S.,
Processing of Binary Images of Handwritten Text Documents,
PR(29), No. 7, July 1996, pp. 1161-1177.
WWW Version. 9607 BibRef

Kim, D.H., Kim, E.J., Bang, S.Y.,
A Variation Measure for Handwritten Character Image Data Using Entropy Difference,
PR(30), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 19-29.
WWW Version. 9702 BibRef

Fairhurst, M.C., Rahman, A.F.R.,
Generalized-Approach to the Recognition of Structurally Similar Handwritten Characters Using Multiple Expert Classifiers,
VISP(144), No. 1, February 1997, pp. 15-22. 9706 Classifiers, multiple. See also New Hybrid Approach in Combining Multiple Experts to Recognize Handwritten Numerals, A. See also Design Considerations in the Real-Time Implementation of Multiple Expert Image Classifiers within a Modular and Flexible Multiple-platform Design Environment. BibRef

Cheng, D.H., Yan, H.,
Recognition of Broken and Noisy Handwritten Characters Using Statistical-Methods Based on a Broken-Character-Mending Algorithm,
OptEng(36), No. 5, May 1997, pp. 1465-1479. 9706 BibRef

Fan, K.C., Wang, Y.K.,
A Genetic Sparse Distributed Memory Approach to the Application of Handwritten Character Recognition,
PR(30), No. 12, December 1997, pp. 2015-2022.
WWW Version. 9805 BibRef

Garris, M.D., Blue, J.L., Candela, G.T., Dimmick, D.L., Geist, J.C., Grother, P.J., Janet, S.A., Omidvar, O.M., Wilson, C.L.,
Design of a Handprint Recognition System,
JEI(6), No. 2, April 1997, pp. 231-243. 9807 BibRef

Garris, M.D., Blue, J.L., Candela, G.T., Dimmick, D.L., Geist, J.C., Grother, P.J., Janet, S.A., Wilson, C.L.,
NIST Form-Based Handprint Recognition System,
NISTIR5469, July 1994. BibRef 9407

Garris, M.D.,
Nist Form-Based Handprint Recognition System (Release 2.2),
NISTIRApril 2003.
HTML Version. Code, OCR. Standard reference form-based handprint recognition system for evaluating optical character recognition. BibRef 0304

Garris, M.D., Blue, J.L., Candela, G.T., Dimmick, D.L., Geist, J.C., Grother, P.J., Janet, S.A., Wilson, C.L.,
Off-line Handwriting Recognition from Forms,
SMC-C95(2783-2788). BibRef 9500

Garris, M.D., Wilson, C.L., Blue, J.L.,
Neural Network Based Systems for Handprint OCR Applications,
IP(7), No. 8, August 1998, pp. 1097-1112.
IEEE DOI Reference 9808 BibRef

Heutte, L., Paquet, T., Moreau, J.V., Lecourtier, Y., Olivier, C.,
A Structural/Statistical Feature Based Vector for Handwritten Character Recognition,
PRL(19), No. 7, May 1998, pp. 629-641. 9808 BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2, A4, A5:
Combining Structural and Statistical Features for the Recognition of Handwritten Characters,
ICPR96(II: 210-214).
IEEE DOI Reference 9608(Universite de Rouen, F) BibRef

Wada, K., Mori, K., Toraichi, K.,
PARM: A Parallel Relaxation Machine for Handwritten Character Recognition,
PRL(19), No. 5-6, April 1998, pp. 475-481. 9808 BibRef

Chim, Y.C.[Yuen-Chong], Kassim, A.A.[Ashraf A.], Ibrahim, Y.[Yaacob],
Dual Classifier System for Handwritten Alphanumeric Character Recognition,
PAA(1), No. 3, 1998, pp. xx-yy. BibRef 9800

Oh, I.S.[Il-Seok], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Distance features for neural network-based recognition of handwritten characters,
IJDAR(1), No. 2, 1998, pp. 319-330. BibRef 9800
Earlier:
A Feature for Character Recognition Based on Directional Distance Distributions,
ICDAR97(Tu-2A) 9708 BibRef

Oh, I.S.[Il-Seok], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
A class-modular feedforward neural network for handwriting recognition,
PR(35), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 229-244.
WWW Version. 0111 BibRef

Oh, I.S.[Il-Seok], Lee, J.S.[Jin-Seon], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Analysis of Class Separation and Combination of Class-Dependent Features for Handwriting Recognition,
PAMI(21), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 1089-1094.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9910
And:
A class-modularity for character recognition,
ICDAR01(64-68).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109Feature-Selection-Based combination and class-dependent features. BibRef

Lee, J.S.[Jin-Seon], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Oh, I.S.[Il-Seok],
Using Class Separation for Feature Analysis and Combination of Class-Dependent Features,
ICPR98(Vol I: 453-455).
IEEE DOI Reference 9808 BibRef

Li, Z.C., Suen, C.Y.,
The partition-combination method for recognition of handwritten characters,
PRL(21), No. 6-7, June 2000, pp. 701-720. 0006 BibRef

Li, Z.C., Suen, C.Y.,
Crucial combinations for the recognition of handwritten letters,
PRL(21), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 873-898. 0008 BibRef

Chen, H., Agazzi, O.E., Suen, C.Y.,
Piecewise Linear Modulation Model of Handwriting,
ICDAR97(Tu-3A) 9708 BibRef

Chen, W., Suen, C.Y., Strobel, M.G.,
Extraction of Lines of Texts in Unconstrained Handwritten Documents,
ICDAR97(We-1A) 9708 BibRef

Ghosh, D., Shivaprasad, A.P.,
An analytic approach for generation of artificial hand-printed character database from given generative models,
PR(32), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 907-920.
WWW Version. BibRef 9906

Pessoa, L.F.C.[Lúcio F.C.], Maragos, P.[Petros],
Neural networks with hybrid morphological/rank/linear nodes: a unifying framework with applications to handwritten character recognition,
PR(33), No. 6, June 2000, pp. 945-960.
WWW Version. 0004 BibRef

Lazzerini, B.[Beatrice], Marcelloni, F.[Francesco],
A linguistic fuzzy recogniser of off-line handwritten characters,
PRL(21), No. 3, March 2000, pp. 319-327. 0004 BibRef

de Stefano, C., della Cioppa, A., Marcelli, A.,
Character preclassification based on genetic programming,
PRL(23), No. 12, October 2002, pp. 1439-1448.
HTML Version. 0206 BibRef

Cordella, L.P., de Stefano, C., Fontanella, F., Marcelli, A.,
Looking for Prototypes by Genetic Programming,
IWICPAS06(152-159).
Springer DOI Reference 0608 BibRef
Earlier:
A Novel Genetic Programming Based Approach for Classification Problems,
CIAP05(727-734).
Springer DOI Reference 0509 BibRef

Cordella, L.P., Foggia, P., Sansone, C., Tortorella, F., Vento, M.,
Prototyping Structural Shape Descriptions by Inductive Learning,
VF01(484 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209 BibRef

de Stefano, C.[Claudio], della Cioppa, A., Marcelli, A., Matarazzo, F.,
Grouping Character Shapes by Means of Genetic Programming,
VF01(504 ff.).
HTML Version. 0209 BibRef

de Stefano, C., della Cioppa, A., Marcelli, A.,
Learning handwriting by evolution: a conceptual framework for performance evaluation and tuning,
PR(35), No. 5, May 2002, pp. 1025-1037.
WWW Version. 0202 BibRef

de Stefano, C.[Claudio], Garruto, M.[Marco], Lapresa, L.[Luis], Marcelli, A.[Angelo],
Using Strings for On-Line Handwriting Shape Matching: A New Weighted Edit Distance,
CIAP05(1125-1132).
Springer DOI Reference 0509 BibRef

de Stefano, C., Garruto, M., Marcelli, A.,
A multiresolution approach to on-line handwriting segmentation and feature extraction,
ICPR04(II: 614-617).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Hanmandlu, M., Murali Mohan, K.R., Chakraborty, S.[Sourav], Goyal, S.[Sumeer], Choudhury, D.R.[D. Roy],
Unconstrained handwritten character recognition based on fuzzy logic,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 603-623.
WWW Version. 0301 BibRef

Hanmandlu, M., Mohan, K., Chakraborty, S., Goel, S.,
Fuzzy Logic Based Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICIP01(III: 42-45).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Hanmandlu, M., Murali Mohan, K.R., Gupta, V.,
Fuzzy Logic Based Handwritten Character Recognition 2,
ICIP97(III: 714-717).
IEEE DOI Reference 9710 BibRef

Chakravarthy, V.S.[V. Srinivasa], Kompella, B.[Bhaskar],
The shape of handwritten characters,
PRL(24), No. 12, August 2003, pp. 1901-1913.
WWW Version. 0304 BibRef

Gangadhar, G.[Garipelli], Joseph, D.[Denny], Chakravarthy, V.S.[V. Srinivasa],
An oscillatory neuromotor model of handwriting generation,
IJDAR(10), No. 2, November 2007, pp. 69-84.
Springer DOI Reference 0711 BibRef

Aksela, M.[Matti], Girdziusas, R.[Ramunas], Laaksonen, J.T.[Jorma T.], Oja, E.[Erkki], Kangas, J.[Jari],
Methods for adaptive combination of classifiers with application to recognition of handwritten characters,
IJDAR(6), No. 1, 2003, pp. 23-41.
HTML Version. 0308 BibRef

Aksela, M.[Matti], Laaksonen, J.T.[Jorma T.], Oja, E., Kangas, J.,
Rejection methods for an adaptive committee classifier,
ICDAR01(982-986).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Aksela, M.[Matti], Laaksonen, J.T.[Jorma T.],
Adaptive combination of adaptive classifiers for handwritten character recognition,
PRL(28), No. 1, 1 January 2007, pp. 136-143.
WWW Version. 0611Classifier combining; Adaptive classifiers; Adaptive committee; On-line adaptation; Handwritten character recognition BibRef

Chou, C.H.[Chien-Hsing], Lin, C.C.[Chin-Chin], Liu, Y.H.[Ying-Ho], Chang, F.[Fu],
A prototype classification method and its use in a hybrid solution for multiclass pattern recognition,
PR(39), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 624-634.
WWW Version. 0604Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm; Handwritten character recognition; Hybrid classifier; K-means clustering algorithm; Prototype learning; Support vector machine BibRef

Oncina, J.[Jose], Sebban, M.[Marc],
Learning stochastic edit distance: Application in handwritten character recognition,
PR(39), No. 9, September 2006, pp. 1575-1587.
WWW Version. 0606Stochastic edit distance; Finite-state transducers BibRef

Gagné, C.[Christian], Parizeau, M.[Marc],
Genetic engineering of hierarchical fuzzy regional representations for handwritten character recognition,
IJDAR(8), No. 4, September 2006, pp. 223-231.
Springer DOI Reference 0609 BibRef

Lemieux, A., Gagné, C.[Christian], Parizeau, M.[Marc],
Genetical engineering of handwriting representations,
FHR02(145-150).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Parizeau, M., Lemieux, A., Gagne, C.,
Character recognition experiments using Unipen data,
ICDAR01(481-485).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef


Thome, N., Vacavant, A.,
A Combined Statistical-Structural Strategy for Alphanumeric Recognition,
ISVC07(II: 529-538).
Springer DOI Reference 0711 BibRef

Sadri, J.[Javad], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.], Bui, T.D.[Tien D.],
A New Clustering Method for Improving Plasticity and Stability in Handwritten Character Recognition Systems,
ICPR06(II: 1130-1133).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Miyao, H.[Hidetoshi], Maruyama, M.[Minoru],
Virtual Example Synthesis Based on PCA for Off-Line Handwritten Character Recognition,
DAS06(96-105).
Springer DOI Reference 0602 See also online handwritten music symbol recognition system, An. BibRef

Miyao, H., Maruyama, M., Nakano, Y., Hananoi, T.,
Off-line handwritten character recognition by SVM based on the virtual examples synthesized from on-line characters,
ICDAR05(I: 494-498).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yang], Liu, X.B.[Xia-Bi], Jia, Y.D.[Yun-De],
Hand-Gesture Based Text Input for Wearable Computers,
CVS06(8).
IEEE DOI Reference 0602Write the character by the fingertip. BibRef

Keysers, D., Gollan, C., Ney, H.,
Local context in non-linear deformation models for handwritten character recognition,
ICPR04(IV: 511-514).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Sun, G.[Guangling], Huang, J.H.[Jian-Hua], Tang, X.L.[Xiang-Long],
Active discriminant functions for handwriting recognition,
ICPR04(II: 602-605).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Chang, F.[Fu], Lin, C.C.[Chin-Chin], Chen, C.J.[Chun-Jen],
Applying a hybrid method to handwritten character recognition,
ICPR04(II: 529-532).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Noor, N.M., Razaz, M., Manley-Cooke, P.,
Global geometry extraction for fuzzy logic based handwritten character recognition,
ICPR04(II: 513-516).
IEEE DOI Reference 0409 BibRef

Ellozy, H.A.[Hamed A.], Jeanty, H.H.[Henry H.], Tappert, C.C.[Charles C.],
Handwriting recognition employing pairwise discriminant measures,
US_Patent5,005,205, April 2, 1991.
WWW Version. BibRef 9104

Cha, S.H.[Sung-Hyuk], Yoon, S.S.[Sung-Soo], Tappert, C.C.,
On binary similarity measures for handwritten character recognition,
ICDAR05(I: 4-8).
IEEE DOI Reference 0508 BibRef

Cha, S.H.[Sung-Hyuk], Tappert, C.C., Srihari, S.N.,
Optimizing binary feature vector similarity measure using genetic algorithm and handwritten character recognition,
ICDAR03(662-665).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Feldbach, M., Tönnies, K.D.,
Word segmentation of handwritten dates in historical documents by combining semantic a-priori-knowledge with local features,
ICDAR03(333-337).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation of the Date in Entries of Historical Church Registers,
DAGM02(403 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef
Earlier:
Line detection and segmentation in historical church registers,
ICDAR01(743-747).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Cho, S.J.[Sung-Jung], Perrone, M.P., Ratzlaff, E.,
Probability table compression for handwritten character recognition,
ICDAR03(173-177).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Nopsuwanchai, R., Povey, D.,
Discriminative training for HMM-based of fine handwritten character recognition,
ICDAR03(114-118).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Wada, Y., Kasuga, H., Sumita, K.,
An evolutionary approach for the generation of diversiform characters using a handwriting model,
ICPR02(III: 131-134).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Mori, M.,
Video text recognition using feature compensation as category-dependent feature extraction,
ICDAR03(645-649).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Mori, M., Sawaki, M., Hagita, N.,
Category-dependent feature extraction for recognition of degraded handwritten characters,
ICPR02(III: 155-159).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Mori, M., Sawaki, M., Hagita, N., Murase, H., Mukawa, N.,
Robust feature extraction based on run-length compensation for degraded handwritten character recognition,
ICDAR01(650-654).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Lam, L., Xu, Q.[Qizhi], Suen, C.Y.,
Differentiation between alphabetic and numeric data using NN ensembles,
ICPR02(IV: 40-43).
IEEE DOI Reference 0211 BibRef

Zhu, X.Y.[Xiao-Yan], Shi, Y.[Yifan],
A handwritten character recognition method with ANN feedback,
ICDAR01(255-259).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef
And:
A New Algorithm for Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICIP01(I: 1130-1133).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Arlandis, J.[Joaquim], Perez-Cortes, J.C.[Juan-Carlos], Llobet, R.[Rafael],
Handwritten Character Recognition Using the Continuos Distance Transformation,
ICPR00(Vol I: 940-943).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Miller, E.G.[Erik G.], Matsakis, N.E.[Nicholas E.], Viola, P.A.[Paul A.],
Learning from One Example through Shared Densities on Transforms,
CVPR00(I: 464-471).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0005Learning BibRef

Prema, K.V., Reddy, N.V.S.,
Neural Network Based Handwritten Character Recognition for Conflict Resolution,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Waizumi, Y., Kato, N., Saruta, K., Nemoto, Y.,
High Speed Rough Classification for Handwritten Characters Using Hierarchical Learning Vector Quantization,
ICDAR97(Mo-2A) 9708 BibRef

Matsumura, S., Kobayashi, T., Nakamura, O., Ogura, K.,
Document Input According to Recognition Accuracy of Handwritten Characters,
ICDAR97(Mo-2B) 9708 BibRef

Rodrigues Gomes, N., Lee, L.L.[Luan Ling],
Feature extraction based on fuzzy set theory for handwriting recognition,
ICDAR01(655-659).
IEEE DOI Reference 0109 BibRef

Lee, L.L.[Luan Ling], Rodrigues Gomes, N.,
Disconnected Handwritten Character Image Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Gloger, J.M., Kaltenmeier, A., Mandler, E., Andrews, L.,
Reject Management in a Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Park, H.S.[Hee-Seon], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
An HMMRF-based statistical approach for off-line handwritten character recognition,
ICPR96(II: 320-324).
IEEE DOI Reference 9608(Korea Univ., KOR) BibRef

Gong, Y., Boyer, A.,
Hand-written text recognition based on a new formulation,
ICPR92(II:112-115).
IEEE DOI Reference 9208 BibRef

Yokozuka, S., Kida, H.,
An application of feature selection to handwritten character recognition,
ICPR92(II:537-540).
IEEE DOI Reference 9208 BibRef

Kimura, M., Ejima, T., Aso, H., Yashiro, H., Son, N., Suzuki, M.,
An Intelligent Character Recognition System with High Accuracy and High Speed by Integrating Image-Type and Logical-Type Information Processings,
ICPR88(I: 38-40).
IEEE DOI Reference
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Holder, S., Dengler, J.,
Font- and Size-Invariant Character Recognition with Greyvalue Image Features,
ICPR88(I: 252-254).
IEEE DOI Reference 8811 BibRef

Leveridge, P.C., Leedham, C.G.,
Experiments with an N-Tuple Recogniser for Fast 'First Try' Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Symbols,
ICPR88(II: 905-907).
IEEE DOI Reference 8811 BibRef

Lettera, C., Masera, L., Paoli, C., Porinelli, R.,
Use of a Dictionary in Conjunction with a Handwritten Texts Recognizer,
ICPR86(699-701). BibRef 8600

Sagawa, T., Tanaka, E., Suzuki, M., Fujita, M.,
An Unsupervised Learning of Hand-Printed Characters with Linguistic Information,
ICPR84(766-769). BibRef 8400

Kuklinski, T.T.,
Components of Handprint Style Variabilty,
ICPR84(924-926). BibRef 8400

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Handwritten Characters, Feature Extraction .


Last update:Nov 24, 2008 at 09:33:56