23.4.6.2.1 Handwritten Characters, Feature Extraction

Tou, J.T., Gonzalez, R.C.,
Recognition of Handwritten Characters by Topological Feature Extraction and Multilevel Categorization,
TC(21), No. 7, July 1972, pp. 776-784. BibRef 7207

Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko], Mori, S.[Shunji],
Recognition of Handprinted Characters by an Outermost Point Method,
PR(12), No. 4, 1980, pp. 229-236.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Shinghal, R., and Suen, C.Y.,
A Method for Selecting Constrained Hand-Printed Character Shapes for Machine Recognition,
PAMI(4), No. 1, January 1982, pp. 74-78. BibRef 8201

Cox, III, C.H., Coueignoux, P., Blesser, B.B., Eden, M.,
Skeletons: A link between theoretical and physical letter descriptions,
PR(15), No. 1, 1982, pp. 11-22.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Mantas, J., Heaton, A.G.,
Handwritten Character Recognition by Parallel Labelling and Shape Analysis,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 465-468. BibRef 8300

Abdulla, W.H., Saleh, A.O.M., Morad, A.H.,
A Preprocessing Algorithm for Hand-Written Character Recognition,
PRL(7), 1988, pp. 13-18. BibRef 8800

Li, H.F., Jayakumar, R., Youssef, M.,
Parallel algorithms for recognizing handwritten characters using shape features,
PR(22), No. 6, 1989, pp. 641-652.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Lee, K.H., Eom, K.B., Kashyap, R.L.,
Character Recognition Based on Attribute-Dependent Programmed Grammar,
PAMI(14), No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1122-1128.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9211
Earlier:
Character Recognition Using Attributed Grammar,
CVPR88(418-423).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef

Doermann, D.S.[David S.], Varma, V.[Venugopal], Rosenfeld, A.[Azriel],
Instrument grasp: a model and its effects on handwritten strokes,
PR(27), No. 2, February 1994, pp. 233-245.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Li, Z.C., Suen, C.Y., Guo, J.,
A Regional Decomposition Method for Recognizing Handprinted Characters,
SMC(25), No. 6, June 1995, pp. 998-1010. BibRef 9506

Liou, C.Y., Yang, H.C.,
Handprinted Character-Recognition Based on Spatial Topology Distance Measurement,
PAMI(18), No. 9, September 1996, pp. 941-945.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Handprinted Character Recognition. Distance Measures. Neural Networks. Elastic Matching. BibRef 9609

Amin, A., Iyer, S., Wilson, W.H.,
Recognition of Hand Printed Latin Characters Based on a Structural Approach with a Neural Network Classifier,
JEI(6), No. 3, July 1997, pp. 303-310. 9807 BibRef

Gourdol, A.P.J.[Arnaud P. J.],
Method and apparatus for recognizing gestures on a computer system,
US_Patent5,594,810, January 14, 1997.
WWW Version. BibRef 9701

Kato, N.[Nei], Suzuki, M.[Masato], Omachi, S.[Shin'ichiro], Aso, H.[Hirotomo], Nemoto, Y.[Yoshiaki],
Handwritten Character Recognition System Using Directional Element Feature and Asymmetric Mahalanobis Distance,
PAMI(21), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 258-262.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. See also Noise-Adaptive Discriminant Function and Its Application to Blurred Machine Printed Kanji Recognition, A. BibRef 9903

Kato, T., Omachi, S., Aso, H.,
Precise Hand-printed Character Recognition Using Elastic Models Via Nonlinear Transformation,
ICPR00(Vol II: 364-367).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Foggia, P.[Pasquale], Sansone, C.[Carlo], Tortorella, F.[Francesco], Vento, M.[Mario],
Combining statistical and structural approaches for handwritten character description,
IVC(17), No. 9, July 1999, pp. 701-711.
WWW Version. BibRef 9907

Foggia, P., Sansone, C., Tortorella, F., Vento, M.,
Character Recognition by Geometrical Moments on Structural Decompositions,
ICDAR97(Mo-2A) 9708 BibRef

L'Homer, E.[Eric],
Extraction of strokes in handwritten characters,
PR(33), No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1147-1160.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Bote-Lorenzo, M.L.[Miguel L.], Dimitriadis, Y.A.[Yannis A.], Gómez-Sánchez, E.[Eduardo],
Automatic extraction of human-recognizable shape and execution prototypes of handwritten characters,
PR(36), No. 7, July 2003, pp. 1605-1617.
WWW Version. 0304 BibRef

Verma, B.[Brijesh], Blumenstein, M.[Michael], Ghosh, M.[Moumita],
A Novel Approach for Structural Feature Extraction: Contour vs. Direction,
PRL(25), No. 9, 2 July 2004, pp. 975-988.
WWW Version. 0407 BibRef

Verma, B.,
A contour code feature based segmentation for handwriting recognition,
ICDAR03(1203-1207).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Verma, B., Ghosh, M.,
A neural-evolutionary approach for feature and architecture selection in online handwriting recognition,
ICDAR03(1038-1042).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Blumenstein, M., Verma, B., Basli, H.,
A novel feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented handwritten characters,
ICDAR03(137-141).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Blumenstein, M.[Michael], Liu, X.Y.[Xin Yu], Verma, B.[Brijesh],
An investigation of the modified direction feature for cursive character recognition,
PR(40), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 376-388.
WWW Version. 0611Handwritten character recognition; Neural networks BibRef

Xue, H.[Hanhong], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Hidden Markov Models Combining Discrete Symbols and Continuous Attributes in Handwriting Recognition,
PAMI(28), No. 3, March 2006, pp. 458-462.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0602 BibRef
Earlier:
A Stochastic Model Combining Discrete Symbols and Continuous Attributes and Its Application to Handwriting Recognition,
DAS02(70 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef
Earlier:
Performance prediction for handwritten word recognizers and its application to classifier combination,
ICPR02(III: 241-244).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0211 BibRef
And:
Incorporating contextual character geometry in word recognition,
FHR02(123-127).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef
Building Skeletal Graphs for Structural Feature Extraction on Handwriting Images,
ICDAR01(96-100).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109Combine discrete symbols and continuous attributes for handwriting analysis. BibRef

Liu, Y.H.[Ying-Ho], Lin, C.C.[Chin-Chin], Lin, W.H.[Wen-Hsiung], Chang, F.[Fu],
Fast vector matching methods and their applications to handwriting recognition,
ICDAR05(II: 871-875).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Kang, S.[Sijun], Govindaraju, V.,
A new feature ranking method in a HMM-based handwriting recognition system,
ICDAR05(II: 779-783).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0508 BibRef

Rico-Juan, J.R.[Juan Ramón], Micó, L.[Luisa],
Finding Significant Points for a Handwritten Classification Task,
ICIAR04(I: 440-446).
WWW Version. 0409 BibRef

Sun, Q.S.[Quan-Sen], Zeng, S.G.[Sheng-Gen], Heng, P.A.[Pheng-Ann], Xia, D.S.[De-Sen],
Feature fusion method based on canonical correlation analysis and handwritten character recognition,
ICARCV04(II: 1547-1552).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0412 See also double-threshold image binarization method based on edge detector, A. BibRef

Hoque, S., Sirlantzis, K., Fairhurst, M.C.,
A new chain-code quantization approach enabling high performance handwriting recognition based on multi-classifier schemes,
ICDAR03(834-838).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Bodansky, E.[Eugene], Gribov, A.[Alexander],
Closing Gaps of Discontinuous Lines: A New Criterion for Choosing the Best Prolongation,
DAS02(119 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303 BibRef

Ruiz, A.,
Affine alignment for stroke classification,
FHR02(381-386).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209 BibRef

Sadykhov, R., Malenko, O., Klimovich, A.N., Selinger, M.L.,
Hybrid System for Recognition of Handwritten Symbols on the Base of Structural Methods and Neural Networks,
VI02(223).
PDF Version. 0208 BibRef

Houle, G.F., Blinova, K., Shridhar, M.,
Handwriting stroke extraction using a new XYTC transform,
ICDAR01(91-95).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef

Nishimura, H., Tsutsumi, M.,
Off-line hand-written character recognition using integrated 1D HMMs based on feature extraction filters,
ICDAR01(417-421).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef

Cha, S.H.[Sung-Hyuk], Srihari, S.N.,
A priori algorithm for sub-category classification analysis of handwriting,
ICDAR01(1022-1025).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0109 BibRef
Earlier:
Distance Between Histograms of Angular Measurements and Its Application to Handwritten Character Similarity,
ICPR00(Vol II: 21-24).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Tascini, G., Montesanto, A., Puliti, P.,
Using normal patterns in handwritten character recognition,
CIAP99(997-1002).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9909 BibRef

Tsang, C.[Chris], Chung, F.L.[Fu-Lai],
Development of a Structural Deformable Model for Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1130-1133).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9808 BibRef

Anisimovich, K., Rybkin, V., Tereschenko, V., Shamis, A.,
Using Combination of Structural, Feature and Raster Classifiers for Recognition of Hand-Printed Characters,
ICDAR97(We-1B) 9708 BibRef

Mace, S.[Sebastien], Anquetil, E.[Eric],
A Generic Method for Eager Interpretation of On-Line Handwritten Structured Documents,
ICPR06(II: 1106-1109).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Tsang, I.J., Tsang, I.R., Van Dyck, D.,
Handwritten character recognition based on moment features derived from image partition,
ICIP98(II: 939-942).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9810 BibRef

Anquetil, E., Lorette, G.,
Perceptual Model of Handwriting Drawing, Application To the handwriting Segmentation Problem,
ICDAR97(Mo-3A) 9708 BibRef

Miura, K.T., Sato, R., Mori, S.,
A Method Of Extracting Curvature Feature and Its Application to Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Lallican, P.M., Viard-Gaudin, C.,
A Kalman Approach for Stroke Order Recovering from Off-Line Handwriting,
ICDAR97(Poste) 9708 BibRef

Hu, J., Yan, H.,
Structural Decomposition and Description of Printed and Handwritten Characters,
ICPR96(III: 230-234).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9608(Univ. of Sydney, AUS) BibRef

Singh, S.,
Shape Detection Using Gradient Features for Handwritten Character Recognition,
ICPR96(III: 145-149).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9608(Univ. of Plymouth, UK) BibRef

Pedrazzi, P., Colla, A.M.,
Simple feature extraction for handwritten character recognition,
ICIP95(III: 320-323).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9510 BibRef

Cheriet, M., Thibault, R., Sabourin, R.,
A multi-resolution based approach for handwriting segmentation in gray-scale images,
ICIP94(I: 159-163).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9411 BibRef

Liu, K.[Ke], Huang, Y.S.[Yea-Shuan], Suen, C.Y., Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Liu, L.J.[Lei-Jian], Liu, Y.J.[Ying-Jiang],
Discriminant performance of the algebraic features of handwritten character images,
ICPR94(B:426-428).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9410 BibRef

Rauber, T.W., Steiger-Garcao, A.S.,
Shape description by UNL Fourier features-an application to handwritten character recognition,
ICPR92(II:466-469).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9208 BibRef

Hachimura, K.,
Decomposition of hand-printed patterns,
ICPR92(III:417-420).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9208 BibRef

Pan, B.C.,
Floating Mask Method for Extracting Hand-Printed Character Features,
ICPR86(324-326). BibRef 8600

Babaguchi, N., Tsukamoto, M., Aibara, T.,
Knowledge Aided Character Segmentation from Handwritten Document Image,
ICPR86(573-575). BibRef 8600

Cordella, L.P., Marcelli, A.,
Normalization and Decomposition of Thin Lines Representing Handprinted Characters,
ICPR86(723-725). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Online Recognition of Handwritten Characters .