Ullmann, J.R.,
Kidd, P.A.,
Recognition experiments with typed numerals from envelopes in the mail,
PR(1), No. 4, July 1969, pp. 273-289.
WWW Version.
0309
BibRef
Mitchell, B.T., and
Gillies, A.M.,
A Model-Based Computer Vision System for Recognizing
Handwritten ZIP Codes,
MVA(2), No. 4, 1989, pp. 231-243.
BibRef
8900
Ahmed, P.,
Suen, C.Y.,
Computer Recognition of Totally Unconstrained Handwritten Zip Codes,
PRAI(1), No. 1, 1987, pp. 1-15.
BibRef
8700
Lam, L.,
Suen, C.Y.,
Structural Classification and Relaxation Matching of
Totally Unconstrained Handwritten Zip-Code Numbers,
PR(21), No. 1, 1988, pp. 19-31.
WWW Version.
BibRef
8800
Mai, T.,
Suen, C.Y.,
A Generalized Knowledge-Based System for the Recognition of
Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals,
SMC(20), No. 4, 1990, pp. 835-848.
BibRef
9000
Le Cun, Y.L.,
Boser, B.,
Denker, J.S.,
Henderson, D.,
Howard, R.E.,
Hubbard, W.,
Jackel, L.,
Back-Propagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition,
NeurComp(1), 1989, pp. 541-551.
BibRef
8900
Le Cun, Y.L.,
Jackel, L.,
Boser, B.,
Denker, J.S.,
Handwritten Digit Recognition:
Application of Neural Network Chips and Automatic Learning,
CommunMag(27), No. 11, November 1989, pp. 41-46.
BibRef
8911
Le Cun, Y.L.,
Matan, O.,
Boser, B.,
Denker, J.S.,
Henderson, D.,
Howard, R.E.,
Hubbard, W.,
Jacket, L.D.,
Baird, H.S.,
Handwritten zip code recognition with multilayer networks,
ICPR90(II: 35-40).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
9208
BibRef
Cesar, M., and
Shinghal, R.,
Algorithm for Segmenting Handwritten Postal Codes,
MMS(33), No. 1, July 1990, pp. 63-80.
BibRef
9007
Bouchaffra, D.[Djamel],
Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
Postprocessing of Recognized Strings Using Nonstationary Markovian
Models,
PAMI(21), No. 10, October 1999, pp. 990-999.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. For digits, Zip Codes.
BibRef
9910
Bouchaffra, D.[Djamel],
Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.],
Recognition of Strings Using Non-stationary Markovian Models:
An Application to ZIP Code Recognition,
CVPR99(II: 174-179).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version.
BibRef
9900
Kussul, E.[Ernst],
Baidyk, T.[Tatiana],
Improved Method of Handwritten Digit Recognition Tested on MNIST
Database,
IVC(22), No. 12, 1 October 2004, pp. 971-981.
WWW Version.
0409
BibRef
Earlier:
VI02(192).
PDF Version.
0208
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Nakashima, K.[Kazuki],
Sako, H.[Hiroshi],
Fujisawa, H.[Hiromichi],
Handwritten Digit Recognition:
Benchmarking of State-of-the-Art Techniques,
PR(36No. 10, October 2003, pp. 2271-2285.
WWW Version.
0308
Survey, Digit Recognition.
BibRef
Earlier:
Handwritten digit recognition using state-of-the-art techniques,
FHR02(320-325).
IEEE Top Reference.
0209
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Nakashima, K.[Kazuki],
Sako, H.[Hiroshi],
Fujisawa, H.[Hiromichi],
Handwritten Digit Recognition: Investigation of Normalization and
Feature Extraction Techniques,
PR(37), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 265-279.
WWW Version.
0311
BibRef
Liu, C.L.,
Koga, M.,
Fujisawa, H.,
Gabor feature extraction for character recognition:
Comparison with gradient feature,
ICDAR05(I: 121-125).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
0508
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Normalization-Cooperated Gradient Feature Extraction for Handwritten
Character Recognition,
PAMI(29), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 1465-1469.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
0707
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Mine, R.,
Koga, M.,
Building compact classifier for large character set recognition using
discriminative feature extraction,
ICDAR05(II: 846-850).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
0508
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Sako, H.,
Fujisawa, H.,
Effects of Classifier Structures and Training Regimes on Integrated
Segmentation and Recognition of Handwritten Numeral Strings,
PAMI(26), No. 11, November 2004, pp. 1395-1407.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
0410Include non-character training.
SVM gave best results, but higher cost than neural
and discriminative density models.
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Sako, H.[Hiroshi],
Class-specific feature polynomial classifier for pattern classification
and its application to handwritten numeral recognition,
PR(39), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 669-681.
WWW Version.
0604Neural classifiers;
Class-specific feature polynomial classifier; Numeral string recognition
BibRef
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Marukawa, K.,
Handwritten Numeral String Recognition:
Character-Level vs. String-Level Classifier Training,
ICPR04(I: 405-408).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
0409
BibRef
Koch, G.,
Heutte, L.[Laurent],
Paquet, T.[Thierry],
Automatic extraction of numerical sequences in handwritten incoming
mail documents,
PRL(26), No. 8, June 2005, pp. 1118-1127.
WWW Version.
0506
BibRef
Earlier:
Numerical sequence extraction in handwritten incoming mail documents,
ICDAR03(369-373).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
0311
BibRef
USPS Office of Advanced Technology Database of Handwritten Cities,
States, ZIP Codes, Digits, and Alphabetic Characters,
Cedar (Buffalo) database.
Dataset, Handwriting.
WWW Version. Database for mail processing.
Dzuba, G.,
Filatov, A.,
Volgunin, A.,
Handwritten Zip Code Recognition,
ICDAR97(Poste)
9708
BibRef
Lecolinet, E., and
Moreau, J.V.,
A New System for Automatic Segmentation and Recognition of
Unconstrained Zip Codes,
SCIA89(585).
See also Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation, A.
BibRef
8900
Hull, J.J.,
Srihari, S.N.,
Cohen, E.,
Kuan, L.,
Cullen, P.,
Palumbo, P.W.,
A Blackboard-Based Approach to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition,
ICPR88(I: 111-113).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
IEEE Top Reference.
BibRef
8800
Hull, J.J.,
Srihari, S.N.,
Knowledge Utilization In Handwritten Zip Code Recognition,
IJCAI87(848-850).
BibRef
8700
Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Neural Networks for Numbers and Digits .