11.14.4.8.5 Facial Manipulation

Chapter Contents (Back)
Face Manipulation. More just manipulation. A lot of overlap with the face forgery section.
See also Deepfakes, Generation, Detection.
See also Face Forgery.
See also Spoofing, Faces, Other Biometrics.
See also Face Swapping.
See also Face Synthesis Using Three-Dimensional Models.

Xu, Z.P.[Zhao-Peng], Liu, J.R.[Jia-Rui], Lu, W.[Wei], Xu, B.[Bozhi], Zhao, X.F.[Xian-Feng], Li, B.[Bin], Huang, J.W.[Ji-Wu],
Detecting facial manipulated videos based on set convolutional neural networks,
JVCIR(77), 2021, pp. 103119.
Elsevier DOI 2106
Digital video forensics, Deepfake, Set convolutional neural network, Set reduce BibRef

Amorese, T.[Terry], Cuciniello, M.[Marialucia], Vinciarelli, A.[Alessandro], Cordasco, G.[Gennaro], Esposito, A.[Anna],
Synthetic vs Human Emotional Faces: What Changes in Humans' Decoding Accuracy,
HMS(52), No. 3, June 2022, pp. 390-399.
IEEE DOI 2205
Faces, Emotion recognition, Decoding, Face recognition, Aging, Task analysis, Portable computers, Assistive technology, human-computer interaction BibRef

Nguyen, T.T.[Thanh Thi], Nguyen, Q.V.H.[Quoc Viet Hung], Nguyen, D.T.[Dung Tien], Nguyen, D.T.[Duc Thanh], Huynh-The, T.[Thien], Nahavandi, S.[Saeid], Nguyen, T.T.[Thanh Tam], Pham, Q.V.[Quoc-Viet], Nguyen, C.M.[Cuong M.],
Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: A survey,
CVIU(223), 2022, pp. 103525.
Elsevier DOI 2210
Deepfakes, Face manipulation, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Autoencoders, GAN, Forensics, Survey BibRef

Peng, F.[Fei], Yin, L.P.[Li-Ping], Long, M.[Min],
BDC-GAN: Bidirectional Conversion Between Computer-Generated and Natural Facial Images for Anti-Forensics,
CirSysVideo(32), No. 10, October 2022, pp. 6657-6670.
IEEE DOI 2210
Forensics, Feature extraction, Generative adversarial networks, Image color analysis, Image coding, generative adversarial network BibRef

Liao, X.[Xin], Wang, Y.M.[Yu-Mei], Wang, T.Y.[Tian-Yi], Hu, J.[Juan], Wu, X.S.[Xiao-Shuai],
FAMM: Facial Muscle Motions for Detecting Compressed Deepfake Videos Over Social Networks,
CirSysVideo(33), No. 12, December 2023, pp. 7236-7251.
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Tariq, S.[Shahroz], Jeon, S.W.[So-Won], Woo, S.S.[Simon S.],
Evaluating Trustworthiness and Racial Bias in Face Recognition APIs Using Deepfakes,
Computer(56), No. 5, May 2023, pp. 51-61.
IEEE DOI 2305
Deepfakes, Face recognition BibRef

Cartella, G.[Giuseppe], Cuculo, V.[Vittorio], Cornia, M.[Marcella], Cucchiara, R.[Rita],
Unveiling the Truth: Exploring Human Gaze Patterns in Fake Images,
SPLetters(31), 2024, pp. 820-824.
IEEE DOI 2404
Gaze tracking, Semantics, Task analysis, Face recognition, Entropy, Context modeling, Visual perception, Deepfakes, gaze tracking, visual perception BibRef

Sun, K.[Kuiyuan], Li, X.L.[Xiao-Long], Zhao, Y.[Yao],
A keypoints-motion-based landmark transfer method for face reenactment,
JVCIR(100), 2024, pp. 104138.
Elsevier DOI 2405
Image generation, Face reenactment, Deepfake BibRef

Wang, S.[Shuai], Zhu, D.H.[Dong-Hui], Chen, J.[Jian], Bi, J.B.[Jiang-Bo], Wang, W.[Wenyi],
Deepfake face discrimination based on self-attention mechanism,
PRL(183), 2024, pp. 92-97.
Elsevier DOI 2406
Deepfake, Discrimination, Self-attention mechanism, EfficientNet BibRef

Leyva, R.[Roberto], Sanchez, V.[Victor], Epiphaniou, G.[Gregory], Maple, C.[Carsten],
Data-agnostic Face Image Synthesis Detection using Bayesian CNNs,
PRL(183), 2024, pp. 64-70.
Elsevier DOI 2406
Face synthesis, Deep fakes, Agnostic models, Anomaly detection, Computer security BibRef

An, B.S.[Byeong Seon], Lim, H.[Hyeji], Seong, H.A.[Hyeon Ah], Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul],
Facial and Neck Region Analysis for Deepfake Detection Using Remote Photoplethysmography Signal Similarity,
IET-Bio(2024), No. 1, 2024, pp. 7095412.
DOI Link 2412
bio signal analysis, cybersecurity, deepfake detection, machine learning, remote photoplethysmography BibRef

Gao, Q.[Qi], Zhang, B.P.[Bao-Peng], Wu, J.H.[Jiang-Hao], Luo, W.X.[Wen-Xin], Teng, Z.[Zhu], Fan, J.P.[Jian-Ping],
Leveraging facial landmarks improves generalization ability for deepfake detection,
PR(164), 2025, pp. 111528.
Elsevier DOI 2504
Deepfake detection, Facial landmarks, Generalization BibRef

Long, M.[Min], Liu, Z.Y.[Zhen-Yu], Zhang, L.B.[Le-Bing], Peng, F.[Fei],
LGDF-Net: Local and Global Feature-Based Dual-Branch Fusion Networks for Deepfake Detection,
CirSysVideo(35), No. 6, June 2025, pp. 5489-5500.
IEEE DOI 2506
Feature extraction, Deepfakes, Forgery, Faces, Accuracy, Image color analysis, Data mining, Visualization, Facial features, multi-level feature fusion BibRef

Han, S.S.[Shan-Shan], Li, S.[Shuang], Wang, S.[Shuodi], Yuan, L.[Lin], Zhang, Y.[Yan], Gao, X.B.[Xin-Bo],
Deepfake Detection Leveraging Self-Blended Artifacts Guided by Facial Embedding Discrepancy,
CirSysVideo(35), No. 12, December 2025, pp. 12317-12328.
IEEE DOI 2512
Forgery, Deepfakes, Training, Feature extraction, Detectors, Semantics, Face recognition, Visualization, Faces, Data mining, Deepfake, embedding discrepancy BibRef

Behrouzi, T.[Tina], Shahroudnejad, A.[Atefeh], Mousavi, P.[Payam],
Maskrenderer: 3D-infused multi-mask realistic face reenactment,
PR(157), 2025, pp. 110891.
Elsevier DOI 2409
Generative models, Deepfake, Face reenactment, Multi-scale occlusion masks, Triplet loss, 3D morphable model BibRef

Shi, L.[Liang], Zhang, J.[Jie], Ji, Z.L.[Zhi-Ling], Bai, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang],
Real face foundation representation learning for generalized deepfake detection,
PR(161), 2025, pp. 111299.
Elsevier DOI 2502
Deepfake detection, Masked image modeling, Representation learning, Vision Transformers BibRef

Sharma, R.[Ruchika], Dwivedi, R.[Rudresh],
Unmasking deepfakes: Eye blink pattern analysis using a hybrid LSTM and MLP-CNN model,
IVC(154), 2025, pp. 105370.
Elsevier DOI 2502
Deepfakes, MultiLayer perceptron, Generative adversarial network, Face manipulations BibRef

Zhao, C.R.[Cai-Rong], Wang, C.[Chutian], Song, Z.[Zifan], Hu, G.S.[Guo-Sheng], Wang, L.[Liang], Miao, D.Q.[Duo-Qian],
Multi-definition Deepfake detection via semantics reduction and cross-domain training,
PR(163), 2025, pp. 111469.
Elsevier DOI 2503
Deepfake detection, Deep learning, Self-supervised learning, Face Anti-Spoofing BibRef


Cobo, A.[Alejandro], Valle, R.[Roberto], Buenaposada, J.M.[José M.], Baumela, L.[Luis],
Spatiotemporal Face Alignment for Generalizable Deepfake Detection,
FG25(1-6)
IEEE DOI 2601
Deepfakes, Face recognition, Gesture recognition, Predictive models, Media, Benchmark testing, Multitasking, Spatiotemporal phenomena BibRef

Deo, A.[Anurag], Bangar, A.[Aditya], Adak, C.[Chandranath], Verma, R.[Rahul], Nagar, D.[Deepak], Akhtar, Z.[Zahid], Dutta, S.[Soumya], Chattopadhyay, S.[Soumi], Chanda, S.[Sukalpa],
IndicSideFace: A Dataset for Advancing Deepfake Detection on Side-Face Perspectives of Indian Subjects,
FG25(1-10)
IEEE DOI 2601
Deepfakes, Head, Face recognition, Lighting, Gesture recognition, Detectors, Benchmark testing, Detection algorithms, Resilience BibRef

Han, Y.H.[Yue-Hua], Huang, T.M.[Tai-Ming], Hua, K.L.[Kai-Lung], Chen, J.C.[Jun-Cheng],
Towards More General Video-based Deepfake Detection through Facial Component Guided Adaptation for Foundation Model,
CVPR25(22995-23005)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2508
Training, Deepfakes, Photorealism, Foundation models, Source coding, Semantics, Training data, Feature extraction, Robustness, Skin, CLIP BibRef

Ain, Q.U.[Qurat Ul], Javed, A.[Ali], Malik, K.M.[Khalid Mahmood], Irtaza, A.[Aun],
Exposing the Limits of Deepfake Detection using novel Facial mole attack: A Perceptual Black- Box Adversarial Attack Study,
ICIP24(3820-3826)
IEEE DOI 2411
Resistance, Deepfakes, Perturbation methods, Closed box, Detectors, Media, Adversarial attack, Black-box attack, Deepfakes detection, Facial Mole attack BibRef

Concas, S.[Sara], Cava, S.M.L.[Simone Maurizio La], Casula, R.[Roberto], Orrù, G.[Giulia], Puglisi, G.[Giovanni], Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca],
Quality-based Artifact Modeling for Facial Deepfake Detection in Videos,
DFAD24(3845-3854)
IEEE DOI 2410
Deepfakes, Video sequences, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Deepfakes, deepfake detection, quality, face patches BibRef

Luevano, L.S.[Luis S.], Martínez-Díaz, Y.[Yoanna], Méndez-Vázquez, H.[Heydi], González-Mendoza, M.[Miguel], Frey, D.[Davide],
Assessing the Performance of Efficient Face Anti-Spoofing Detection Against Physical and Digital Presentation Attacks,
FAS24(1021-1028)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Deepfakes, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Efficient Face Anti-Spoofing, Face Spoofing Deepfake Detection BibRef

Ai, J.X.[Jia-Xin], Wang, Z.Y.[Zhong-Yuan], Huang, B.[Baojin], Han, Z.[Zhen], Zou, Q.[Qin],
Deepfake Face Provenance for Proactive Forensics,
ICIP23(2025-2029)
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Narayan, K.[Kartik], Agarwal, H.[Harsh], Thakral, K.[Kartik], Mittal, S.[Surbhi], Vatsa, M.[Mayank], Singh, R.[Richa],
DF-Platter: Multi-Face Heterogeneous Deepfake Dataset,
CVPR23(9739-9748)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Gravina, M.[Michela], Galli, A.[Antonio], de Micco, G.[Geremia], Marrone, S.[Stefano], Fiameni, G.[Giuseppe], Sansone, C.[Carlo],
Fead-d: Facial Expression Analysis in Deepfake Detection,
CIAP23(II:283-294).
Springer DOI 2312
BibRef

Atamna, M.[Mehdi], Tkachenko, I.[Iuliia], Miguet, S.[Serge],
Improving Generalization in Facial Manipulation Detection Using Image Noise Residuals and Temporal Features,
ICIP23(3424-3428)
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Solanki, G.K.[Girish Kumar], Roussos, A.[Anastasios],
Deep Semantic Manipulation of Facial Videos,
ABAWE22(104-120).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Agarwal, S.[Shruti], Hu, L.W.[Li-Wen], Ng, E.[Evonne], Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.], Li, H.[Hao], Rohrbach, A.[Anna],
Watch Those Words: Video Falsification Detection Using Word-Conditioned Facial Motion,
WACV23(4699-4708)
IEEE DOI 2302
Training, Deepfakes, Visualization, Biometrics (access control), Forensics, Semantics, Applications: Social good, Biometrics, face, body pose BibRef

Guan, W.N.[Wei-Nan], He, Z.W.[Zi-Wen], Wang, W.[Wei], Dong, J.[Jing], Peng, B.[Bo],
Defending Against Deepfakes with Ensemble Adversarial Perturbation,
ICPR22(1952-1958)
IEEE DOI 2212
Deepfakes, Protocols, Face recognition, Perturbation methods, Facial features, Glass box BibRef

Li, G.[Gen], Zhao, X.F.[Xian-Feng], Cao, Y.[Yun], Hu, C.Q.[Cheng-Qiao],
Manipulated Face Detection and Localization Based on Semantic Segmentation,
IWDW22(98-113).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Çiftçi, U.A.[Umur A.], Yuksek, G.[Gokturk], Demir, I.[Ilke],
My Face My Choice: Privacy Enhancing Deepfakes for Social Media Anonymization,
WACV23(1369-1379)
IEEE DOI 2302
Measurement, Deepfakes, Privacy, Data privacy, Social networking (online), Face recognition, Task analysis, ethical computer vision BibRef

Kim, J.[Jeongho], Kim, T.[Taejune], Kim, J.[Jeonghyeon], Woo, S.S.[Simon S.],
Evading Deepfake Detectors via High Quality Face Pre-Processing Methods,
ICPR22(1937-1944)
IEEE DOI 2212
Deepfakes, Face recognition, Neural networks, Supervised learning, Pipelines, Detectors, Media BibRef

Li, G.[Gen], Cao, Y.[Yun], Zhao, X.F.[Xian-Feng],
Exploiting Facial Symmetry to Expose Deepfakes,
ICIP21(3587-3591)
IEEE DOI 2201
Feature extraction, Data models, Faces, Videos, Information integrity, Residual neural networks, angular hyperspace BibRef

Wang, Y.H.[Yong-Hui], Zarghami, V.[Vahid], Cui, S.[Suxia],
Fake Face Detection using Local Binary Pattern and Ensemble Modeling,
ICIP21(3917-3921)
IEEE DOI 2201
Deep learning, Image texture, Image color analysis, Image representation, Feature extraction, Ensemble model BibRef

Wang, X.[Xiying], Ni, R.R.[Rong-Rong], Li, W.J.[Wen-Jie], Zhao, Y.[Yao],
Adversarial Attack on Fake-Faces Detectors Under White and Black Box Scenarios,
ICIP21(3627-3631)
IEEE DOI 2201
Forensics, Detectors, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction, Generators, Security, Adversarial attack, Forensic models BibRef

Song, L.C.[Lu-Chuan], Yin, G.J.[Guo-Jun], Liu, B.[Bin], Zhang, Y.H.[Yu-Hui], Yu, N.H.[Neng-Hai],
Fsft-Net: Face Transfer Video Generation With Few-Shot Views,
ICIP21(3582-3586)
IEEE DOI 2201
Training, Deep learning, Image processing, Distortion, Generators, Task analysis, Faces, Face Transfer, Adversarial Training, Deepfake Generation BibRef

Das, S.[Sowmen], Seferbekov, S.[Selim], Datta, A.[Arup], Islam, M.S.[Md. Saiful], Amin, M.R.[Md. Ruhul],
Towards Solving the DeepFake Problem : An Analysis on Improving DeepFake Detection using Dynamic Face Augmentation,
RPRMI21(3769-3778)
IEEE DOI 2112
Training, Pipelines, Training data, Data models, Robustness, Faces BibRef

Li, D.Z.[Dong-Ze], Wang, W.[Wei], Fan, H.X.[Hong-Xing], Dong, J.[Jing],
Exploring Adversarial Fake Images on Face Manifold,
CVPR21(5785-5794)
IEEE DOI 2111
Manifolds, Visualization, Privacy, Image forensics, Ethics, Face recognition BibRef

Tinsley, P.[Patrick], Czajka, A.[Adam], Flynn, P.J.[Patrick J.],
This Face Does Not Exist... But It Might Be Yours! Identity Leakage in Generative Models,
WACV21(1319-1327)
IEEE DOI 2106
Training, Image resolution, Databases, Training data, Generative adversarial networks, Data models, Faces BibRef

Bonettini, N.[Nicolò], Cannas, E.D.[Edoardo Daniele], Mandelli, S.[Sara], Bondi, L.[Luca], Bestagini, P.[Paolo], Tubaro, S.[Stefano],
Video Face Manipulation Detection Through Ensemble of CNNs,
ICPR21(5012-5019)
IEEE DOI 2105
Training, Computational modeling, Veins, Video sequences, Tools, Feature extraction, Data models, deepfake, video forensics, attention BibRef

Liu, Y.C.[Yu-Cheng], Chang, C.M.[Chia-Ming], Chen, I.H.[I-Hsuan], Ku, Y.R.[Yu-Ru], Chen, J.C.[Jun-Cheng],
An Experimental Evaluation of Recent Face Recognition Losses for Deepfake Detection,
ICPR21(9827-9834)
IEEE DOI 2105
Face recognition, Network architecture, Data models, Task analysis, Faces, Videos, Information integrity BibRef

Huang, J.J.[Jia-Jun], Wang, X.[Xueyu], Du, B.[Bo], Du, P.[Pei], Xu, C.[Chang],
DeepFake MNIST+: A DeepFake Facial Animation Dataset,
AIM21(1973-1982)
IEEE DOI 2112
Image recognition, Face recognition, Detectors, Generators, Facial animation, Security BibRef

Zhang, Z.W.[Zhe-Wei], Mal, C.[Can], Ding, B.[Bowen], Gao, M.[Meilin],
Detecting Manipulated Facial Videos: A Time Series Solution,
ICPR21(2817-2823)
IEEE DOI 2105
Deep learning, Correlation, Face recognition, Time series analysis, Memory architecture, Physiology, Complexity theory, pattern recognization BibRef

Tolosana, R.[Ruben], Romero-Tapiador, S.[Sergio], Fierrez, J.[Julian], Vera-Rodriguez, R.[Ruben],
Deepfakes Evolution: Analysis of Facial Regions and Fake Detection Performance,
IWBDAF20(442-456).
Springer DOI 2103
BibRef

Chai, L.[Lucy], Bau, D.[David], Lim, S.N.[Ser-Nam], Isola, P.[Phillip],
What Makes Fake Images Detectable? Understanding Properties that Generalize,
ECCV20(XXVI:103-120).
Springer DOI 2011
BibRef

Tursman, E., George, M., Kamara, S., Tompkin, J.,
Towards Untrusted Social Video Verification to Combat Deepfakes via Face Geometry Consistency,
WMF20(2784-2793)
IEEE DOI 2008
Face, Streaming media, Principal component analysis, Cameras, Mouth, Covariance matrices, Geometry BibRef

Montserrat, D.M., Hao, H., Yarlagadda, S.K., Baireddy, S., Shao, R., Horváth, J., Bartusiak, E., Yang, J., Güera, D., Zhu, F., Delp, E.J.,
Deepfakes Detection with Automatic Face Weighting,
WMF20(2851-2859)
IEEE DOI 2008
Face, Feature extraction, Streaming media, Recurrent neural networks, Training, Tools, Social network services BibRef

Chapter on 3-D Object Description and Computation Techniques, Surfaces, Deformable, View Generation, Video Conferencing continues in
Face Forgery .


Last update:Apr 18, 2026 at 20:43:46