18.5.2 Optical Flow Field -- Multiple Flows, Transparent Layers, Motion Layers

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Perception of Transparency in Man and Machine: A Comment on Beck,
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Physical and Informational Constraints on the Perception of Transparency and Translucency,
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Beck, J.[Jacob],
The Perception of Transparency: A Reply to Brill,
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Detecting and Tracking Multiple Moving Objects Using Temporal Integration,
ECCV92(282-287).
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Wang, J.Y.A.[John Y.A.], Adelson, E.H.[Edward H.],
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Wang, J.Y.A.[John Y.A.], Adelson, E.H.[Edward H.],
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Adelson, E.H., Wang, J.Y.A., Niyogi, S.A.,
Mid-level vision: new directions in vision and video,
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IEEE DOI 9411
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Wang, J.Y.A., and Adelson, E.H.,
Layered Representation for Motion Analysis,
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Wang, J.Y.A., Adelson, E.H.,
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Vismod262, 1994.
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Adelson, E.H.[Edward H.], and Weiss, Y.[Yair],
A Unified Mixture Framework for Motion Segmentation: Incorporating Spatial Coherence and Estimating the Number of Models,
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Darrell, T.J., Pentland, A.P.,
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IEEE DOI BibRef 9505
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PS File. Kalman Filter. Segmentation and motion for multiple motions. Regions based on homogeneous motions rather than only on connectivity. BibRef

Darrell, T.J., Pentland, A.P.,
Robust Estimation of a Multi-Layered Motion Representation,
Motion91(173-178). BibRef 9100

Darrell, T.J., and Simoncelli, E.P.,
'Nulling' Filters and the Separation of Transparent Motions,
CVPR93(738-739).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9300
And:
On the Use of Nulling Filters to Separate Transparent Motions,
Vismod-198, 1992.
HTML Version. and
PS File. BibRef
And:
Separation of Transparent Motion into Layers Using Velocity-Tuned Mechanisms,
Vismod-244, 1993.
HTML Version. and
PS File. The different motions are treated as separate layers of smooth motions rather than smoothing across the boundaries or detecting the boundaries. BibRef

Huang, Y.[Yan], Palaniappan, K.[Kannappan], Zhuang, X.H.[Xin-Hua], Cavanaugh, J.E.[Joseph E.],
Optic Flow Field Segmentation and Motion Estimation Using a Robust Genetic Partitioning Algorithm,
PAMI(17), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1177-1190.
IEEE DOI The problem is that with multiple motions (or noise), global depth reconstructions do not work. BibRef 9512

Black, M.J., Anandan, P.,
The Robust Estimation of Multiple Motions: Parametric and Piecewise-Smooth Flow-Fields,
CVIU(63), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 75-104.
DOI Link
HTML Version. Code:
HTML Version. Code, Optic Flow. BibRef 9601
Earlier:
A Framework for the Robust Estimation of Optical Flow,
ICCV93(231-236).
IEEE DOI Award, ICCV Test of Time. BibRef
Earlier:
Robust Dynamic Motion Estimation Over Time,
CVPR91(296-302).
IEEE DOI
HTML Version. Award, CVPR. BibRef
And:
The Robust Estimation of Multiple Motions: Affine and Piecewise-Smooth Flow-Fields,
TR Xerox PARC, December 1993. Motion, Many Frames. Incremental tracking system using multiple resolutions. BibRef

Black, M.J., Anandan, P.,
A Model for the Detection of Motion over Time,
ICCV90(33-37).
IEEE DOI
HTML Version. BibRef 9000

Black, M.J.[Michael J.],
Robust Incremental Optical Flow,
Ph.D.Thesis, Yale Univ. September 1992.
HTML Version. BibRef 9209

Black, M.J.[Michael J.], and Anandan, P.,
Constraints for the Early Detection of Discontinuity from Motion,
AAAI-90(1060-1066).
HTML Version. Yale University BibRef 9000

Sharma, R., Aloimonos, Y.,
Early Detection of Independent Motion from Active Control of Normal Image Flow Patterns,
SMC-B(26), No. 1, February 1996, pp. 42-52.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9602

Tian, T.Y.[Tina Yu], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Motion Estimation and Segmentation,
MVA(9), No. 1, 1996, pp. 32-42.
Springer DOI 9608
BibRef
Earlier:
Motion segmentation and estimation,
ICIP94(II: 785-789).
IEEE DOI 9411
BibRef

Tian, T.Y.[Tina Yu], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Recovering 3D Motion Of Multiple Objects Using Adaptive Hough Transform,
PAMI(19), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1178-1183.
IEEE DOI 9710
BibRef
Earlier:
Recovering 3D Motion and Structure of Multiple Objects Using Adaptive Hough Transform,
ICCV95(284-289).
IEEE DOI BibRef
Earlier:
Estimating 3D motion and shape of multiple objects using Hough transform,
ICPR94(A:658-660).
IEEE DOI 9410
Segment multiple flows using two perspective views and 3D rigidity. Only examine the 2D translation space, but vote in the 5D motion space.. BibRef

Black, M.J.[Michael J.], and Jepson, A.D.[Allan D.],
Estimating Optical-Flow in Segmented Images Using Variable-Order Parametric Models with Local Deformations,
PAMI(18), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 972-986.
IEEE DOI
HTML Version. 9611
Motion of planar regions plus local deformation.
See also Design and Use of Linear Models for Image Motion Analysis. BibRef

Black, M.J.[Michael Julian], Jepson, A.D.[Allan Douglas],
Image segmentation using robust mixture models,
US_Patent5,802,203, Sep 1, 1998
WWW Link. image as a series of combined layers BibRef 9809

Ju, S.X.[Shanon X.], Black, M.J.[Michael J.], and Jepson, A.D.[Allan D.],
Skin and Bones: Multi-layer, Locally Affine, Optical Flow and Regularization with Transparency,
CVPR96(307-314).
IEEE DOI
See also Summary of Videotaped Presentations: Automatic-Analysis of Motion and Gesture. BibRef 9600

Ju, X.[Xuan],
Estimating Image Motion in Layers: The 'Skin and Bones' Model,
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PDF File. BibRef 9800

Jepson, A.D., and Black, M.J.,
Mixture Models for Optical Flow Computation,
CVPR93(760-761).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9300
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HTML Version. Transparency, multiple motions. Patch models for motion and video. BibRef

Black, M.J.,
Recursive Non-Linear Estimation of Discontinuous Flow Fields,
ECCV94(A:138-145).
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Choi, J.G., Kim, S.D.,
Multistage Segmentation of Optical-Flow Field,
SP(54), No. 2, October 1996, pp. 109-118. 9612
BibRef

Szeliski, R.S.[Richard S.], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung],
Motion Estimation With Quadtree Splines,
PAMI(18), No. 12, December 1996, pp. 1199-1210.
IEEE DOI 9701
BibRef
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IEEE DOI BibRef
And: DEC-CRL-95-1, March, 1995.
HTML Version. Adaptive windows to do multiple flow field computations. BibRef

Milanfar, P.,
Projection-Based, Frequency-Domain Estimation of Superimposed Translational Motions,
JOSA-A(13), No. 11, November 1996, pp. 2151-2162. 9611
BibRef

Milanfar, P.,
Motion from projection: a forward model,
ICIP98(II: 695-699).
IEEE DOI 9810
BibRef

Milanfar, P.,
Two-Dimensional Matched Filtering for Motion Estimation,
IP(8), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 438-444.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9903

Milanfar, P.,
A Model of the Effect of Image Motion in the Radon Transform Domain,
IP(8), No. 9, September 1999, pp. 1276-1281.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9909

Robinson, D.[Dirk], Milanfar, P.[Peyman],
Fast Local and Global Projection-Based Methods for Affine Motion Estimation,
JMIV(18), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 35-54.
DOI Link 0301
BibRef

Sim, D.G., Park, R.H.,
A Two-Stage Algorithm for Motion Discontinuity-Preserving Optical-Flow Estimation,
CVIU(65), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 19-37. 9702

DOI Link BibRef

Pei, S.C., Liou, L.G.,
Motion Based Grouping of Optical Flow Fields: The Extrapolation and Subtraction Technique,
IP(6), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1358-1363.
IEEE DOI 9710
BibRef

Bors, A.G.[Adrian G.], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Optical-Flow Estimation and Moving Object Segmentation Based on Median Radial Basis Function Network,
IP(7), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 693-702.
IEEE DOI 9805
BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation and estimation of the optical flow,
CAIP95(680-685).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef

Torr, P.H.S.[Philip H.S.], Szeliski, R.S.[Richard S.], Anandan, P.,
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PAMI(23), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 297-303.
IEEE DOI 0103
BibRef
Earlier: ICCV99(983-990).
IEEE DOI Model 3D scenes as a collection of approximately planar layers in arbitrary position and orientation. Compute 3D descriptions. Uses a Bayesian version of RANSAC. BibRef

Langley, K., Fleet, D.J., and Hibbard, P.,
Linear and nonlinear transparency in binocular vision,
RoyalP(B-265), 1998, pp. 1837-1845.
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Langley, K., Fleet, D.J., Atherton, T.J.,
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Argyros, A.A., Trahanias, P.E., Orphanoudakis, S.C.,
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Argyros, A.A., Orphanoudakis, S.C.,
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IEEE DOI 9704
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Argyros, A.A., Lourakis, M.I.A., Trahanias, P.E., and Orphanoudakis, S.C.,
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BMVC96(Poster Session 2). 9608
FORTH and University of Crete BibRef

Lourakis, M.I.A.[Manolis I.A.], Argyros, A.A.[Antonis A.], and Orphanoudakis, S.C.[Stelios C.],
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Yu, W.C.[Wei-Chuan], Sommer, G.[Gerald], Beauchemin, S.[Steven], Daniilidis, K.[Kostas],
Oriented Structure of the Occlusion Distortion: Is It Reliable?,
PAMI(24), No. 9, September 2002, pp. 1286-1290.
IEEE Abstract. Or:
PDF File. 0209
Analysis of multiple motions. Argue that oriented velocity term cannot always work as a reliable feature. (
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Yu, W.C.[Wei-Chuan], Sommer, G.[Gerald], Daniilidis, K.[Kostas],
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Yu, W.C.[Wei-Chuan], Sommer, G.[Gerald], Daniilidis, K.[Kostas],
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Nicolescu, M., Medioni, G.,
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Cheriyadat, A.M., Radke, R.J.,
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Mrak, M., Sprljan, N., Izquierdo, E.,
Evaluation of Techniques for Modeling of Layered Motion Structure,
ICIP06(1905-1908). 0610

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Sarel, B.[Bernard], Irani, M.[Michal],
Separating Transparent Layers of Repetitive Dynamic Behaviors,
ICCV05(I: 26-32).
IEEE DOI 0510
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Earlier:
Separating Transparent Layers through Layer Information Exchange,
ECCV04(Vol IV: 328-341).
Springer DOI 0405
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Chamorro-Martínez, J.[Jesús], Martínez-Baena, J.[Javier], Galán-Perales, E.[Elena], Prados-Suárez, B.[Beén],
Dealing with Multiple Motions in Optical Flow Estimation,
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Hybrid Model-Based Estimation of Multiple Non-dominant Motions,
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Zhang, Y.J.[Yun-Jun], Xiao, J.J.[Jiang-Jian], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
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Spies, H.[Hagen], Forssén, P.E.[Per-Erik],
Two-Dimensional Channel Representation for Multiple Velocities,
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Singh, M., Huang, X.L.[Xiao-Lei],
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IEEE DOI 0307
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Ben-Ezra, M., Nayar, S.K.,
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IEEE DOI 0311
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Ke, Q.[Qifa], Baker, S., Kanade, T.,
Textureless Layers,
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Ke, Q.[Qifa], Kanade, T.,
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CVPR03(I: 390-397).
IEEE DOI 0307
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Earlier:
A robust subspace approach to layer extraction,
Motion02(37-43).
IEEE DOI 0303
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Langley, K.[Keith],
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BMVC97(xx-yy).
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Zucchelli, M., Santos-Victor, J., Christensen, H.I.,
Multiple Plane Segmentation Using Optical Flow,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208
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Jepson, A.D., Fleet, D.J., Black, M.J.,
A Layered Motion Representation with Occlusion and Compact Spatial Support,
ECCV02(I: 692 ff.).
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Bartolini, F., Cappellini, V., and Tucci, L.,
Simultaneous Optic Flow Estimation and Segmentation by Means of LS Techniques,
ICIP97(I: 97-100).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9700

Weiss, Y.[Yair],
Smoothness in Layers: Motion Segmentation Using Nonparametric Mixture Estimation,
CVPR97(520-526).
IEEE DOI 9704
Fit multiple curves/surfaces. BibRef

Wiles, C.S.[Charles Stephen], Brady, M.[Michael],
Closing the Loop on Multiple Motions,
ICCV95(308-313).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9500
And: A1 only. Ph.D.Thesis. Multiple Motions. Tracking through a sequence, segmentation into multiple motions by clustering trajectories. Uses corner features for tracking. Possible to introduce motion constraints (e.g. ground plane for driving applications) to aid in segmentation. Thesis available.
HTML Version. BibRef

Hsu, S.C., Anandan, P., Peleg, S.,
Accurate Computation of Optical Flow by Using Layered Motion Representations,
ICPR94(A:743-746).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9400

Bergen, J.R.[James R.], Burt, P.J.[Peter J.], Hingorani, R.[Rajesh], Peleg, S.[Shmuel],
Three-frame technique for analyzing two motions in successive image frames dynamically,
US_Patent5,067,014, Nov 19, 1991
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Hierarchical Model-Based Motion Estimation,
ECCV92(237-252).
Springer DOI BibRef 9200

Shizawa, M.[Masahiko],
On visual ambiguities due to transparency in motion and stereo,
ECCV92(411-419).
Springer DOI 9205

See also Direct Estimation of Multiple Disparities for Transparent Multiple Surfaces in Binocular Stereo. BibRef

Shizawa, M., and Mase, K.,
A Unified Computational Theory for Motion Transparency and Motion Boundaries Based on Eigenenergy Analysis,
CVPR91(289-295).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9100
And:
Principle of Superposition: A Common Computational Framework for Analysis of Multiple Motion,
Motion91(164-172). BibRef
And:
Simultaneous Multiple Optical Flow Estimations,
ICPR90(I: 274-278).
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Rognone, A., Campani, M., Verri, A.,
Identifying Multiple Motions from Optical Flow,
ECCV92(258-266).
Springer DOI BibRef 9200

Bergen, J.R.[James R.], Burt, P.J.[Peter J.], Hingorani, R.[Rajesh], Peleg, S.[Shmuel],
Transparent-motion analysis,
ECCV90(566-569).
Springer DOI 9004
BibRef

Sadjadi, F.A., Hwang, J.J., Hall, E.L., Roberts, M.J.,
Measurement of Two Phase Flow Velocities Using Image Correlation,
ICPR80(386-392). BibRef 8000

Gose, E.E., Rose, W.H., Barnes, W.E., Kaplan, E., Arnold, J.S.,
Decomposition of Image Sequnces of Overlapping Homogeneous Transparent Radiating Objects,
ICPR80(971-973). BibRef 8000

Chapter on Optical Flow Field Computations and Use continues in
Optical Flow Field -- Information Extraction .