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9812
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ICPR98(Vol II: 1497-1499).
IEEE DOI
9808
BibRef
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IEEE DOI
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Orientation Robust Text Line Detection in Natural Images,
CVPR14(4034-4041)
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1409
higher-order correlation clustering;text detection
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A Video Text Detection System Based on Automated Training,
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0009
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Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
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Automatic Identification of Text in Digital Video Key Frames,
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9808
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Neural network-based text location in color images,
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Neural Network-based Text Location for News Video Indexing,
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9900
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Text scanner with text detection technology on image sequences,
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IEEE DOI
0211
See also Automatic text detection and removal in video sequences.
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Text extraction in real scene images on planar planes,
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0211
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Hybrid approach to efficient text extraction in complex color images,
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0405
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Extraction of special effects caption text events from digital video,
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0308
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
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IEEE DOI
0009
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Kasturi, R.,
Robust detection of stylized text events in digital video,
ICDAR01(865-869).
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0109
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Kasturi, R.,
Locating Uniform-colored Text in Video Frames,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 539-542).
IEEE DOI
0009
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Application of Planar Motion Segmentation for Scene Text Extraction,
ICPR00(Vol I: 445-449).
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0009
BibRef
Wernicke, A.[Axel],
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On the Segmentation of Text in Videos,
ICME00(WP5).
0007
BibRef
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Indexing Text Events in Digital Video Databases,
ICPR98(Vol I: 916-918).
IEEE DOI
9808
BibRef
Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong],
Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Bourlard, H.[Hervé],
Text detection and recognition in images and video frames,
PR(37), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 595-608.
Elsevier DOI
0401
BibRef
Earlier:
Text segmentation and recognition in complex background based on markov
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ICPR02(IV: 227-230).
IEEE DOI
0211
BibRef
Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang],
Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming],
Gao, W.[Wen],
Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin],
Fast and robust text detection in images and video frames,
IVC(23), No. 6, 1 June 2005, pp. 565-576.
Elsevier DOI
0505
BibRef
Li, X.J.[Xiao-Jun],
Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiang],
Jiang, S.Q.[Shu-Qiang],
Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming],
Gao, W.[Wen],
Fast and effective text detection,
ICIP08(969-972).
IEEE DOI
0810
BibRef
Li, J.[Jia],
Tian, Y.H.[Yong-Hong],
Huang, T.J.[Tie-Jun],
Gao, W.[Wen],
Multi-polarity text segmentation using graph theory,
ICIP08(3008-3011).
IEEE DOI
0810
BibRef
Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang],
Gao, W.[Wen],
Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming],
Automatic text segmentation from complex background,
ICIP04(V: 2905-2908).
IEEE DOI
0505
BibRef
Wu, W.[Wen],
Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin],
Yang, J.[Jie],
Detection of text on road signs from video,
ITS(6), No. 4, December 2005, pp. 378-390.
IEEE DOI
0601
BibRef
Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong],
Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Video text recognition using sequential Monte Carlo and error voting
methods,
PRL(26), No. 9, 1 July 2005, pp. 1386-1403.
Elsevier DOI
0506
BibRef
Earlier:
Sequential Monte Carlo video text segmentation,
ICIP03(III: 21-24).
IEEE Abstract.
0312
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Robust video text segmentation and recognition with multiple hypotheses,
ICIP02(II: 433-436).
IEEE DOI
0210
BibRef
Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong],
Bourlard, H.[Hervé],
Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
Text Identification in Complex Background Using SVM,
CVPR01(II:621-626).
IEEE DOI
0110
Find the text in the video. Look for horizontal and vertical
edge areas.
BibRef
Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong],
Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
A localization/verification scheme for finding text in images and video
frames based on contrast independent features and machine learning
methods,
SP:IC(19), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 205-217.
Elsevier DOI
0402
BibRef
Hua, X.S.[Xian-Sheng],
Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin],
Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang],
An Automatic Performance Evaluation Protocol for Video Text Detection
Algorithms,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 498-507.
IEEE Abstract.
0407
Evaluation, Text Detection.
BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic performance evaluation for video text detection,
ICDAR01(545-550).
IEEE DOI
0109
BibRef
Qian, X.M.[Xue-Ming],
Liu, G.Z.[Gui-Zhong],
Wang, H.[Huan],
Su, R.[Rui],
Text detection, localization, and tracking in compressed video,
SP:IC(22), No. 9, October 2007, pp. 752-768.
Elsevier DOI
0711
Text detection; DCT coefficient; Text tracking; Compressed video;
Text line; Text localization; MPEG
BibRef
Kim, W.,
Kim, C.,
A New Approach for Overlay Text Detection and Extraction From Complex
Video Scene,
IP(18), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 401-411.
IEEE DOI
0901
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Accurate video text detection through classification of low and high
contrast images,
PR(43), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 2165-2185.
Elsevier DOI
1003
Filters; Edge analysis; Heuristic rules; Low contrast; High contrast;
Feature extraction; Text detection
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Novel Edge Features for Text Frame Classification in Video,
ICPR10(3191-3194).
IEEE DOI
1008
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Dutta, A.[Anjan],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
A novel mutual nearest neighbor based symmetry for text frame
classification in video,
PR(44), No. 8, August 2011, pp. 1671-1683.
Elsevier DOI
1104
Wavelet-median moments; Video image; Mutual nearest neighbor; Frame
classification; Text block location
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Hong, D.B.[Ding Bei],
Zhao, D.[Danni],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
A new Iterative-Midpoint-Method for video character gap filling,
ICPR12(673-676).
WWW Link.
1302
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Mittal, A.[Ayush],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A new method for detection and prediction of occluded text in natural
scene images,
SP:IC(100), 2022, pp. 116512.
Elsevier DOI
2112
DCT channels, Bayesian classifier, Text detection,
Natural language processing, Text restoration, Text prediction
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Dutta, A.[Anjan],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Method for Handwritten Scene Text Detection in Video,
FHR10(387-392).
IEEE DOI
1011
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A4, A3:
A New Symmetry Based on Proximity of Wavelet-Moments for Text Frame
Classification in Video,
ICPR10(129-132).
IEEE DOI
1008
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Gradient Vector Flow and Grouping-Based Method for Arbitrarily
Oriented Scene Text Detection in Video Images,
CirSysVideo(23), No. 10, 2013, pp. 1729-1739.
IEEE DOI
1311
gradient methods
BibRef
Moradi, M.,
Mozaffari, S.,
Hybrid approach for Farsi/Arabic text detection and
localisation in video frames,
IET-IPR(7), No. 2, 2013, pp. -.
DOI Link
1307
BibRef
Merino-Gracia, C.[Carlos],
Mirmehdi, M.[Majid],
Real-time text tracking in natural scenes,
IET-CV(8), No. 6, 2014, pp. 670-681.
DOI Link
1502
Kalman filters
BibRef
Liang, G.,
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.,
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Multi-Spectral Fusion Based Approach for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene
Text Detection in Video Images,
IP(24), No. 11, November 2015, pp. 4488-4501.
IEEE DOI
1509
Image color analysis
BibRef
Wu, L.,
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Technique for Multi-Oriented Scene Text Line Detection and
Tracking in Video,
MultMed(17), No. 8, August 2015, pp. 1137-1152.
IEEE DOI
1506
Feature extraction
BibRef
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Su, B.[Bolan],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Gradient Vector Flow-Based Method for Video Character Segmentation,
ICDAR11(1024-1028).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Ding, Z.[Zhang],
Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Script Identification Based on Text Lines,
ICDAR11(1240-1244).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Bhowmick, S.[Souvik],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
A novel ring radius transform for video character reconstruction,
PR(46), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 131-140.
Elsevier DOI
1209
Ring radius transform; Video document processing; Gap filling; Video
character reconstruction
BibRef
Wu, Y.[Yirui],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Wei, W.[Wang],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
A new ring radius transform-based thinning method for multi-oriented
video characters,
IJDAR(18), No. 2, June 2015, pp. 137-151.
Springer DOI
1506
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
New Fourier-Statistical Features in RGB Space for Video Text Detection,
CirSysVideo(20), No. 11, November 2010, pp. 1520-1532.
IEEE DOI
1011
BibRef
Earlier:
New Wavelet and Color Features for Text Detection in Video,
ICPR10(3996-3999).
IEEE DOI
1008
BibRef
Earlier:
A Gradient Difference Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(156-160).
IEEE DOI
0907
BibRef
And:
A Robust Wavelet Transform Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(1285-1289).
IEEE DOI
0907
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
A Laplacian Method for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(66-70).
IEEE DOI
0907
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Laplacian Approach to Multi-Oriented Text Detection in Video,
PAMI(33), No. 2, February 2011, pp. 412-419.
IEEE DOI
1101
Laplacian in frequency domain. Arbitrary orientation text.
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Sreedhar, R.P.,
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Multioriented Video Scene Text Detection Through Bayesian
Classification and Boundary Growing,
CirSysVideo(22), No. 8, August 2012, pp. 1227-1235.
IEEE DOI
1208
BibRef
Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
2D and 3D Video Scene Text Classification,
ICPR14(2932-2937)
IEEE DOI
1412
Accuracy
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Bhowmick, S.[Souvik],
Su, B.[Bolan],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
A New Gradient Based Character Segmentation Method for Video Text
Recognition,
ICDAR11(126-130).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Graphics and Scene Text Classification in Video,
ICPR14(4714-4719)
IEEE DOI
1412
Accuracy
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Character Recognition through Hierarchical Classification,
ICDAR11(131-135).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Rajendran, D.[Deepak],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Su, B.[Bolan],
Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Fourier-Moments Based Video Word and Character Extraction Method
for Recognition,
ICDAR11(1165-1169).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Wu, L.[Liang],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
Anami, B.S.[Basavaraj S.],
Fractals Based Multi-Oriented Text Detection System for Recognition
in Mobile Video Images,
PR(68), No. 1, 2017, pp. 158-174.
Elsevier DOI
1704
Fractal theory
BibRef
Raghunandan, K.S.,
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Roy, S.[Sangheeta],
Kumar, G.H.[G. Hemantha],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Multi-Script-Oriented Text Detection and Recognition in
Video/Scene/Born Digital Images,
CirSysVideo(29), No. 4, April 2019, pp. 1145-1162.
IEEE DOI
1904
Text recognition, Digital images, Feature extraction,
Image edge detection, Shape, Character recognition,
multi-lingual text detection and recognition
BibRef
Roy, S.,
Roy, P.P.,
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Louloudis, G.,
Tan, C.L.,
Pal, U.[Umapada],
HMM-Based Multi Oriented Text Recognition in Natural Scene Image,
ACPR13(288-292)
IEEE DOI
1408
character recognition
BibRef
Xue, M.L.[Ming-Long],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Zhang, C.[Chao],
Xiao, Y.[Yao],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lopresti, D.[Daniel],
Yang, Z.B.[Zhi-Bo],
Arbitrarily-Oriented Text Detection in Low Light Natural Scene Images,
MultMed(23), 2021, pp. 2706-2720.
IEEE DOI
2109
Licenses, Feature extraction, Image segmentation, Proposals,
Machine learning, Image enhancement,
arbitrarily-oriented text detection
BibRef
Roy, S.[Sangheeta],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Jalab, H.A.[Hamid A.],
Ibrahim, R.W.[Rabha W.],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Fractional poisson enhancement model for text detection and
recognition in video frames,
PR(52), No. 1, 2016, pp. 433-447.
Elsevier DOI
1601
Text detection
BibRef
Nandanwar, L.[Lokesh],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Mondal, P.[Prabir],
Raghunandan, K.S.[Karpuravalli Srinivas],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Lopresti, D.[Daniel],
Forged text detection in video, scene, and document images,
IET-IPR(14), No. 17, 24 December 2020, pp. 4744-4755.
DOI Link
2104
BibRef
Wang, W.H.[Wen-Hai],
Wu, Y.R.[Yi-Rui],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Cloud of Line Distribution and Random Forest Based Text Detection from
Natural/Video Scene Images,
MMMod18(II:48-60).
Springer DOI
1802
BibRef
Roy, S.[Soumyadip],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Kumar, G.H.[Govindaraj Hemantha],
Delaunay triangulation based text detection from multi-view images of
natural scene,
PRL(129), 2020, pp. 92-100.
Elsevier DOI
2001
BibRef
Khare, V.[Vijeta],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Raveendran, P.[Paramesran],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A blind deconvolution model for scene text detection and recognition
in video,
PR(54), No. 1, 2016, pp. 128-148.
Elsevier DOI
1603
Text detection
BibRef
Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy],
Shivakumara, P.,
Bhowmick, S.,
Li, S.M.[Shi-Miao],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Pal, U.,
Semiautomatic Ground Truth Generation for Text Detection and
Recognition in Video Images,
CirSysVideo(24), No. 8, August 2014, pp. 1277-1287.
IEEE DOI
1410
natural language processing
BibRef
Qin, L.F.[Long-Fei],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.,
Pal, U.,
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Scene Text Frames Categorization for Text Detection and
Recognition,
ICPR16(3886-3891)
IEEE DOI
1705
Feature extraction, Image color analysis, Image edge detection,
Licenses, Streaming media, Text recognition,
Multi-scale global features, Multi-scale local features,
Scene text Detection, Scene text recognition, Video, scene, text,
frame, categorization
BibRef
Anthimopoulos, M.[Marios],
Gatos, B.[Basilis],
Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.],
A two-stage scheme for text detection in video images,
IVC(28), No. 9, September 2010, pp. 1413-1426.
Elsevier DOI
1007
Text detection; Video OCR; Content-based indexing; SVM
BibRef
Li, Z.,
Liu, G.,
Qian, X.,
Guo, D.,
Jiang, H.,
Effective and efficient video text extraction using key text points,
IET-IPR(5), No. 8, 2011, pp. 671-683.
DOI Link
1108
BibRef
Chiu, C.Y.[Chih-Yi],
Lin, P.C.[Po-Chih],
Li, S.Y.[Sheng-Yang],
Tsai, T.H.[Tsung-Han],
Tsai, Y.L.[Yu-Lung],
Tagging Webcast Text in Baseball Videos by Video Segmentation and Text
Alignment,
CirSysVideo(22), No. 7, July 2012, pp. 999-1013.
IEEE DOI
1208
BibRef
Minetto, R.[Rodrigo],
Thome, N.[Nicolas],
Cord, M.[Matthieu],
Leite, N.J.[Neucimar J.],
Stolfi, J.[Jorge],
SnooperText: A text detection system for automatic indexing of urban
scenes,
CVIU(122), No. 1, 2014, pp. 92-104.
Elsevier DOI
1404
BibRef
Earlier:
Snoopertrack: Text detection and tracking for outdoor videos,
ICIP11(505-508).
IEEE DOI
1201
Text detection
BibRef
Minetto, R.,
Thome, N.,
Cord, M.,
Fabrizio, J.,
Marcotegui, B.,
Snoopertext: A multiresolution system for text detection in complex
visual scenes,
ICIP10(3861-3864).
IEEE DOI
1009
BibRef
Minetto, R.,
Thome, N.,
Cord, M.,
Stolfi, J.,
Precioso, F.,
Guyomard, J.,
Leite, N.J.,
Text detection and recognition in urban scenes,
CVRSE11(227-234).
IEEE DOI
1201
BibRef
Fabrizio, J.,
Marcotegui, B.,
Cord, M.,
Text segmentation in natural scenes using Toggle-Mapping,
ICIP09(2373-2376).
IEEE DOI
0911
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Text Extraction from Street Level Images,
CMRT09(199-204).
PDF File.
0909
BibRef
Huang, R.[Rong],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Feng, Y.[Yaokai],
Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Scene Character Detection and Recognition with Cooperative
Multiple-Hypothesis Framework,
IEICE(E96-D), No. 10, October 2013, pp. 2235-2244.
WWW Link.
1310
BibRef
Huang, R.[Rong],
Oba, S.[Shinpei],
Palaiahnakote, S.[Shivakumara],
Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Scene character detection and recognition based on multiple hypotheses
framework,
ICPR12(717-720).
WWW Link.
1302
BibRef
Song, X.D.[Xiao-Dan],
Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian],
Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng],
Shi, G.,
Wu, F.[Feng],
Cloud-Based Distributed Image Coding,
CirSysVideo(25), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 1926-1940.
IEEE DOI
1601
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A5, Only:
ICIP14(4802-4806)
IEEE DOI
1502
Correlation
BibRef
Liang, F.[Fei],
Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian],
Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng],
Scene-aware perceptual video coding,
VCIP13(1-6)
IEEE DOI
1402
image motion analysis
BibRef
Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian],
Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng],
Wu, F.[Feng],
Exploiting inter-frame correlations in compound video coding,
VCIP11(1-4).
IEEE DOI
1201
For mixed text and image videos.
BibRef
Sharma, N.[Nabin],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Piece-wise linearity based method for text frame classification in
video,
PR(48), No. 3, 2015, pp. 862-881.
Elsevier DOI
1412
Video document processing
BibRef
Yin, X.C.,
Zuo, Z.Y.,
Tian, S.,
Liu, C.L.,
Text Detection, Tracking and Recognition in Video:
A Comprehensive Survey,
IP(25), No. 6, June 2016, pp. 2752-2773.
IEEE DOI
1605
Survey, Scene Text. Data mining
BibRef
Kanadje, M.[Manish],
Miller, Z.[Zachary],
Agarwal, A.[Anurag],
Gaborski, R.[Roger],
Zanibbi, R.[Richard],
Ludi, S.[Stephanie],
Assisted keyword indexing for lecture videos using unsupervised
keyword spotting,
PRL(71), No. 1, 2016, pp. 8-15.
Elsevier DOI
1602
Keyword spotting
BibRef
Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
A new method for multi-oriented graphics-scene-3D text classification
in video,
PR(49), No. 1, 2016, pp. 19-42.
Elsevier DOI
1511
Text detection
BibRef
Mittal, A.[Anshul],
Roy, P.P.[Partha Pratim],
Singh, P.[Priyanka],
Raman, B.[Balasubramanian],
Rotation and script independent text detection from video frames
using sub pixel mapping,
JVCIR(46), No. 1, 2017, pp. 187-198.
Elsevier DOI
1706
Multi-oriented, text, detection
BibRef
Roy, S.[Sangheeta],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Jain, N.[Namita],
Khare, V.[Vijeta],
Dutta, A.[Anjan],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Rough-fuzzy based scene categorization for text detection and
recognition in video,
PR(80), 2018, pp. 64-82.
Elsevier DOI
1805
Rough set, Fuzzy set, Video categorization,
Scene image classification, Video text detection, Video text recognition
BibRef
Yin, X.W.[Xu-Wang],
Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng],
Huang, K.,
Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
Robust Text Detection in Natural Scene Images,
PAMI(36), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 970-983.
IEEE DOI
1405
Algorithm design and analysis
BibRef
Tian, S.[Shu],
Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng],
Su, Y.[Ya],
Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
A Unified Framework for Tracking Based Text Detection and Recognition
from Web Videos,
PAMI(40), No. 3, March 2018, pp. 542-554.
IEEE DOI
1802
Bayes methods, Color, Image recognition, Text recognition, Tracking,
Trajectory, Videos, Video text extraction, embedded captions,
tracking based text recognition
BibRef
Yin, X.W.[Xu-Wang],
Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng],
Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
Iqbal, K.[Khalid],
Effective text localization in natural scene images with MSER,
geometry-based grouping and AdaBoost,
ICPR12(725-728).
WWW Link.
1302
BibRef
Yin, X.,
Pei, W.,
Zhang, J.,
Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
Multi-Orientation Scene Text Detection with Adaptive Clustering,
PAMI(37), No. 9, September 2015, pp. 1930-1937.
IEEE DOI
1508
Clustering algorithms
BibRef
Wankhede, V.[Vishakha],
Kagalkar, R.M.[Ramesh M.],
Support vector machine-based approach for text description from the
video,
IJCVR(8), No. 4, 2018, pp. 403-417.
DOI Link
1808
BibRef
Bulatov, K.[Konstantin],
Razumnyi, N.[Nikita],
Arlazarov, V.V.[Vladimir V.],
On optimal stopping strategies for text recognition in a video stream
as an application of a monotone sequential decision model,
IJDAR(22), No. 3, September 2019, pp. 303-314.
Springer DOI
1909
BibRef
Bhunia, A.K.[Ankan Kumar],
Konwer, A.[Aishik],
Bhunia, A.K.[Ayan Kumar],
Bhowmick, A.[Abir],
Roy, P.P.[Partha P.],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Script identification in natural scene image and video frames using
an attention based Convolutional-LSTM network,
PR(85), 2019, pp. 172-184.
Elsevier DOI
1810
Script identification, Convolutional neural network,
Long short-term memory, Local feature, Global feature,
Dynamic weighting
BibRef
Mithun, N.C.[Niluthpol C.],
Li, J.C.[Jun-Cheng],
Metze, F.[Florian],
Roy-Chowdhury, A.K.[Amit K.],
Joint embeddings with multimodal cues for video-text retrieval,
MultInfoRetr(8), No. 1, March 2019, pp. 3-18.
Springer DOI
1906
BibRef
Nag, S.[Sauradip],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A new unified method for detecting text from marathon runners and
sports players in video (PR-D-19-01078R2),
PR(107), 2020, pp. 107476.
Elsevier DOI
2008
Video text analysis, Gradient direction, Bayesian classifier,
Face detection, Torso detection, Deep learning, Text detection
BibRef
He, W.H.[Wen-Hao],
Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao],
Yin, F.[Fei],
Luo, Z.B.[Zhen-Bo],
Ogier, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Realtime multi-scale scene text detection with scale-based region
proposal network,
PR(98), 2020, pp. 107026.
Elsevier DOI
1911
Scene text detection, Multi-scale, Speedup, Scale-based region proposal network
BibRef
Mafla, A.[Andrés],
Tito, R.[Rubèn],
Dey, S.[Sounak],
Gómez, L.[Lluís],
Rusiñol, M.[Marçal],
Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Karatzas, D.[Dimosthenis],
Real-time Lexicon-free Scene Text Retrieval,
PR(110), 2021, pp. 107656.
Elsevier DOI
2011
Image retrieval, Scene text detection, Scene text recognition,
Word spotting, Convolutional neural networks, PHOC
BibRef
Cheng, Z.,
Lu, J.,
Zou, B.,
Qiao, L.,
Xu, Y.,
Pu, S.,
Niu, Y.,
Wu, F.,
Zhou, S.,
FREE: A Fast and Robust End-to-End Video Text Spotter,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 822-837.
IEEE DOI
2012
Text recognition, Streaming media, Detectors, Task analysis,
Pipelines, Feature extraction, Licenses, Video text spotting,
quality scoring
BibRef
Yu, H.Y.[Hong-Yuan],
Huang, Y.[Yan],
Pi, L.H.[Li-Hong],
Zhang, C.Q.[Cheng-Quan],
Li, X.[Xuan],
Wang, L.[Liang],
End-to-End Video Text Detection with Online Tracking,
PR(113), 2021, pp. 107791.
Elsevier DOI
2103
End-to-end, Video text detection, Online tracking
BibRef
Gao, Y.Z.[Yu-Zhe],
Li, X.[Xing],
Zhang, J.J.[Jia-Jian],
Zhou, Y.[Yu],
Jin, D.[Dian],
Wang, J.[Jing],
Zhu, S.G.[Sheng-Gao],
Bai, X.[Xiang],
Video Text Tracking With a Spatio-Temporal Complementary Model,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 9321-9331.
IEEE DOI
2112
Trajectory, Feature extraction, Visualization, Semantics,
Location awareness, Detectors, Shape, Video text tracking,
online tracking
BibRef
Nandanwar, L.[Lokesh],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Ramachandra, R.[Raghavendra],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos],
Lu, Y.[Yue],
A New Deep Wavefront Based Model for Text Localization in 3D Video,
CirSysVideo(32), No. 6, June 2022, pp. 3375-3389.
IEEE DOI
2206
Location awareness, Feature extraction, Solid modeling,
Image segmentation, Deep learning, Streaming media,
text localization in 3D video
BibRef
Liu, Y.L.[Yu-Liang],
Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua],
Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
He, T.[Tong],
Chen, P.[Peng],
Liu, C.[Chongyu],
Chen, H.[Hao],
ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-Time End-to-End
Text Spotting,
PAMI(44), No. 11, November 2022, pp. 8048-8064.
IEEE DOI
2210
Text recognition, Feature extraction, Training, Task analysis, Shape,
Real-time systems, Annotations, Bezier curve, scene text spotting,
text detection and recognition
BibRef
Liu, Y.L.[Yu-Liang],
Chen, H.[Hao],
Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua],
He, T.[Tong],
Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen],
Wang, L.W.[Liang-Wei],
ABCNet: Real-Time Scene Text Spotting With Adaptive Bezier-Curve
Network,
CVPR20(9806-9815)
IEEE DOI
2008
Text recognition, Feature extraction, Shape, Real-time systems,
Standards, Adaptive systems, Pipelines
BibRef
Banerjee, A.[Ayan],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Acharya, P.[Parikshit],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Canet, J.L.[Josep Llados],
TWD: A New Deep E2E Model for Text Watermark/Caption and Scene Text
Detection in Video,
ICPR22(1492-1498)
IEEE DOI
2212
Image resolution, Shape, Watermarking,
Standards, Deep learning, U-Net, FCENet, Scene text detection,
Watermark text detection
BibRef
He, X.[Xuan],
Li, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yong],
Lin, J.C.[Jia-Cheng],
Nai, K.[Ke],
Yuan, J.[Jin],
Li, Y.F.[Yi-Fan],
Wang, R.[Runmin],
Domain adaptive multigranularity proposal network for text detection
under extreme traffic scenes,
CVIU(233), 2023, pp. 103709.
Elsevier DOI
2307
Scene text detection, Automatic driving, Domain adaptation
BibRef
Sun, L.[Le],
Liu, K.[Kai],
Center TextSpotter:
A Novel Text Spotter for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles,
ITS(24), No. 8, August 2023, pp. 8519-8528.
IEEE DOI
2308
Proposals, Feature extraction, Autonomous vehicles,
Text recognition, Global Positioning System, Generators,
deep learning
BibRef
Wu, W.J.[Wei-Jia],
Zhang, Y.M.[Yi-Ming],
He, Y.F.[Ye-Fei],
Zhang, L.M.[Luo-Ming],
Lou, Z.Y.[Zhen-Yu],
Zhou, H.[Hong],
Bai, X.[Xiang],
DSText V2: A comprehensive video text spotting dataset for dense and
small text,
PR(149), 2024, pp. 110177.
Elsevier DOI
2403
Video text spotting, Small text, Text tracking, Dense text
BibRef
Xiao, W.C.[Wo-Cheng],
Liang, L.Y.[Ling-Yu],
Chen, J.Y.[Jian-Yong],
Wang, T.[Tao],
VTD-FCENet: A Real-Time HD Video Text Detection with Scale-Aware
Fourier Contour Embedding,
IEICE(E108-D), No. 4, April 2024, pp. 574-578.
WWW Link.
2404
BibRef
Zhang, J.B.[Jun-Bo],
Zhao, M.B.[Meng-Biao],
Yin, F.[Fei],
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Sequential Transformer for End-to-End Video Text Detection,
WACV24(6506-6516)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link.
2404
Codes, Aggregates, Video sequences, Text detection, Transformers,
Decoding, Algorithms, Video recognition and understanding,
Image recognition and understanding
BibRef
Zhang, J.B.[Jun-Bo],
Feng, W.[Wei],
Zhao, M.B.[Meng-Biao],
Yin, F.[Fei],
Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao],
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Video Text Detection With Robust Feature Representation,
CirSysVideo(34), No. 6, June 2024, pp. 4407-4420.
IEEE DOI
2406
Feature extraction, Text detection, Semantics, Topology, Detectors,
Task analysis, Network topology, Video text detection,
BiRViT-1K dataset
BibRef
Wu, W.J.[Wei-Jia],
Cai, Y.Q.[Yuan-Qiang],
Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua],
Zhang, D.B.[De-Bing],
Fu, Y.[Ying],
Zhou, H.[Hong],
Luo, P.[Ping],
End-to-End Video Text Spotting with Transformer,
IJCV(132), No. 1, January 2024, pp. 4019-4035.
Springer DOI
2409
BibRef
Kryuchkova, K.[Ksenia],
Sheshkus, A.[Alexander],
Bulatov, K.[Konstantin],
Neural network-based prediction of the stopping moment for text
recognition in a video stream,
ICPR22(1450-1456)
IEEE DOI
2212
Training, Protocols, Text recognition, Error analysis,
Neural networks, Streaming media, Multilayer perceptrons
BibRef
Hanu, L.[Laura],
Thewlis, J.[James],
Asano, Y.M.[Yuki M.],
Rupprecht, C.[Christian],
VTC: Improving Video-Text Retrieval with User Comments,
ECCV22(XXXV:616-633).
Springer DOI
2211
BibRef
Chen, M.L.[Ming-Liang],
Zhang, W.M.[Wei-Min],
Ren, Y.R.[Yu-Rui],
Li, G.[Ge],
Context-Aware Hierarchical Transformer for Fine-Grained Video-Text
Retrieval,
ICIP22(386-390)
IEEE DOI
2211
Semantics, Benchmark testing, Transformers,
Extraterrestrial measurements, Videos, Context modeling,
Context-aware Hierarchical Transformer
BibRef
Theus, A.[Alexander],
Rossetto, L.[Luca],
Bernstein, A.[Abraham],
HyText: A Scene-Text Extraction Method for Video Retrieval,
MMMod22(II:182-193).
Springer DOI
2203
BibRef
Feng, W.[Wei],
Yin, F.[Fei],
Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao],
Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Semantic-Aware Video Text Detection,
CVPR21(1695-1705)
IEEE DOI
2111
Text recognition, Semantics, Lighting, Detectors,
Benchmark testing, Feature extraction
BibRef
Hernández-Carrascosa, P.[Pablo],
Penate-Sanchez, A.[Adrian],
Lorenzo-Navarro, J.[Javier],
Freire-Obregón, D.[David],
Castrillón-Santana, M.[Modesto],
TGCRBNW: A Dataset for Runner Bib Number Detection (and Recognition)
in the Wild,
ICPR21(9445-9451)
IEEE DOI
2105
Training, Text recognition, Filtering, Lighting, Containers,
Benchmark testing, Tools
BibRef
Chen, S.,
Zhao, Y.,
Jin, Q.,
Wu, Q.,
Fine-Grained Video-Text Retrieval With Hierarchical Graph Reasoning,
CVPR20(10635-10644)
IEEE DOI
2008
Videos, Semantics, Cognition, Visualization, Encoding, Task analysis,
Extraterrestrial measurements
BibRef
Schwarcz, S.,
Gorban, A.,
Serra, X.G.,
Lee, D.,
Adapting Style and Content for Attended Text Sequence Recognition,
WACV20(1586-1595)
IEEE DOI
2006
Feature extraction, Optical character recognition software,
Task analysis, Google, Training, Computer architecture,
Recurrent neural networks
BibRef
Wang, Y.[Yang],
Qian, Y.[Ye],
Shi, J.H.[Jia-Hao],
Su, F.[Feng],
A Deep Convolutional Deblurring and Detection Neural Network for
Localizing Text in Videos,
MMMod20(II:112-124).
Springer DOI
2003
BibRef
Kim, D.[Dahun],
Woo, S.[Sanghyun],
Lee, J.Y.[Joon-Young],
Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Deep Blind Video Decaptioning by Temporal Aggregation and Recurrence,
CVPR19(4258-4267).
IEEE DOI
2002
BibRef
Slucki, A.[Adam],
Trzcinski, T.[Tomasz],
Bielski, A.[Adam],
Cyrta, P.[Pawel],
Extracting Textual Overlays from Social Media Videos Using Neural
Networks,
ICCVG18(287-299).
Springer DOI
1810
BibRef
Shi, B.,
Wang, X.,
Lyu, P.,
Yao, C.,
Bai, X.,
Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectification,
CVPR16(4168-4176)
IEEE DOI
1612
BibRef
Xiang, D.L.[Dong-Lai],
Guo, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
Xia, Y.[Yan],
Robust Text Detection with Vertically-Regressed Proposal Network,
IWRR16(I: 351-363).
Springer DOI
1611
BibRef
Qiao, X.[Xinxu],
Zhu, H.[He],
Li, W.P.[Wei-Ping],
Scene Text Detection with Adaptive Line Clustering,
IWRR16(I: 364-377).
Springer DOI
1611
BibRef
Calarasanu, S.[Stefania],
Fabrizio, J.[Jonathan],
Dubuisson, S.[Séverine],
From Text Detection to Text Segmentation: A Unified Evaluation Scheme,
IWRR16(I: 378-394).
Springer DOI
1611
BibRef
Sharma, N.[Nabin],
Mandal, R.[Ranju],
Sharma, R.[Rabi],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
ICDAR2015 Competition on Video Script Identification (CVSI 2015),
ICDAR15(1196-1200)
IEEE DOI
1511
Video scripts identification
BibRef
Zuo, Z.Y.[Ze-Yu],
Tian, S.[Shu],
Pei, W.Y.[Wei-Yi],
Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng],
Multi-strategy tracking based text detection in scene videos,
ICDAR15(66-70)
IEEE DOI
1511
BibRef
Sharma, N.[Nabin],
Mandal, R.[Ranju],
Sharma, R.[Rabi],
Roy, P.P.[Partha P.],
Pal, U.[Umapada],
Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
Multi-lingual text recognition from video frames,
ICDAR15(951-955)
IEEE DOI
1511
BibRef
Kachouri, R.[Rostom],
Armas, C.M.[Christian Medina],
Akil, M.[Mohamed],
Gamma correction acceleration for real-time text extraction from
complex colored images,
ICIP15(527-531)
IEEE DOI
1511
Complex Images
BibRef
Gomez, L.[Llifs],
Karatzas, D.[Dimosthenis],
MSER-Based Real-Time Text Detection and Tracking,
ICPR14(3110-3115)
IEEE DOI
1412
Cameras
BibRef
Shivakuamra, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lubani, M.[Mohamed],
Wong, K.[Kok_Sheik],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Optical flow based dynamic curved video text detection,
ICIP14(1668-1672)
IEEE DOI
1502
Adaptive optics
BibRef
Zhang, Z.K.[Zhi-Ke],
Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiang],
Lu, K.[Ke],
Video Text Extraction Using the Fusion of Color Gradient and
Log-Gabor Filter,
ICPR14(2938-2943)
IEEE DOI
1412
Accuracy
BibRef
Nguyen, P.X.[Phuc Xuan],
Wang, K.[Kai],
Belongie, S.J.[Serge J.],
Video text detection and recognition: Dataset and benchmark,
WACV14(776-783)
IEEE DOI
1406
Benchmark testing
BibRef
Phan, T.Q.,
Shivakumara, P.,
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.,
Recognition of Video Text through Temporal Integration,
ICDAR13(589-593)
IEEE DOI
1312
optical character recognition
BibRef
Shivakumara, P.,
Basavaraju, H.T.,
Guru, D.S.,
Tan, C.L.,
Detection of Curved Text in Video: Quad Tree Based Method,
ICDAR13(594-598)
IEEE DOI
1312
edge detection
BibRef
Liu, Y.[Yang],
Song, Y.H.[Yong-Hong],
Zhang, Y.L.[Yuan-Lin],
Meng, Q.[Quan],
A Novel Multi-oriented Chinese Text Extraction Approach from Videos,
ICDAR13(1355-1359)
IEEE DOI
1312
feature extraction
BibRef
Liang, G.Z.[Guo-Zhu],
Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A new wavelet-Laplacian method for arbitrarily-oriented character
segmentation in video text lines,
ICDAR15(926-930)
IEEE DOI
1511
Character segmentation
BibRef
Sharma, N.,
Shivakumara, P.,
Pal, U.,
Blumenstein, M.,
Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Method for Character Segmentation from Multi-oriented Video
Words,
ICDAR13(413-417)
IEEE DOI
1312
BibRef
Earlier:
A New Method for Word Segmentation from Arbitrarily-Oriented Video Text
Lines,
DICTA12(1-8).
IEEE DOI
1303
image segmentation
BibRef
Chattopadhyay, T.,
Jain, R.[Ruchika],
Chaudhuri, B.B.[Bidyut B.],
A novel low complexity TV video OCR system,
ICPR12(665-668).
WWW Link.
1302
BibRef
Elagouni, K.[Khaoula],
Garcia, C.[Christophe],
Sébillot, P.[Pascale],
A comprehensive neural-based approach for text recognition in videos
using natural language processing,
ICMR11(23).
DOI Link
1301
helping multimedia understanding from textual clues
embedded in digital videos
BibRef
Zhao, Y.[Yan],
Lu, T.[Tong],
Liao, W.J.[Wu-Jun],
A Robust Color-Independent Text Detection Method from Complex Videos,
ICDAR11(374-378).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Peng, X.J.[Xu-Jun],
Cao, H.[Huaigu],
Prasad, R.[Rohit],
Natarajan, P.[Premkumar],
Text Extraction from Video Using Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR11(1029-1033).
IEEE DOI
1111
See also Handwritten Text Separation from Annotated Machine Printed Documents Using Markov Random Fields.
BibRef
Ntirogiannis, K.[Konstantinos],
Gatos, B.[Basilis],
Pratikakis, I.[Ioannis],
Binarization of Textual Content in Video Frames,
ICDAR11(673-677).
IEEE DOI
1111
BibRef
Huang, X.D.[Xiao-Dong],
Ma, H.D.[Hua-Dong],
Automatic Detection and Localization of Natural Scene Text in Video,
ICPR10(3216-3219).
IEEE DOI
1008
BibRef
Yi, J.[Jian],
Peng, Y.X.[Yu-Xin],
Xiao, J.G.[Jian-Guo],
Using Multiple Frame Integration for the Text Recognition of Video,
ICDAR09(71-75).
IEEE DOI
0907
BibRef
Zhou, J.C.[Jing-Chao],
Xu, L.[Lei],
Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
Dai, R.W.[Ru-Wei],
Si, S.[Si],
A robust system for text extraction in video,
ICMV07(119-124).
IEEE DOI
0712
BibRef
Papavassiliou, V.[Vassilis],
Stafylakis, T.[Themos],
Katsouros, V.[Vassilis],
Carayannis, G.[George],
A Parametric Spectral-Based Method for Verification of Text in Videos,
ICDAR07(879-883).
IEEE DOI
0709
BibRef
Bouaziz, B.[Bassem],
Mahdi, W.[Walid],
Ben Hamadou, A.[Abdelmajid],
A New Video Images Text Localization Approach Based on a Fast Hough
Transform,
ICIAR06(I: 414-425).
Springer DOI
0610
BibRef
Palma, D.[Duarte],
Ascenso, J.[João],
Pereira, F.[Fernando],
Automatic Text Extraction in Digital Video Based on Motion Analysis,
ICIAR04(I: 588-596).
Springer DOI
0409
BibRef
Liu, Y.[Yang],
Lu, H.[Hong],
Xue, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang],
Tan, Y.P.[Yap-Peng],
Effective video text detection using line features,
ICARCV04(II: 1528-1532).
IEEE DOI
0412
BibRef
Umai, C.[Chan],
Kassim, A.,
Yue, C.L.[Chew Lock],
Detection and Interpretation of Text Information in Noisy Video
Sequences,
ICARCV06(1-4).
IEEE DOI
0612
BibRef
Tang, L.J.[Li-Jun],
Kender, J.R.,
A Unified Text Extraction Method for Instructional Videos,
ICIP05(III: 1216-1219).
IEEE DOI
0512
BibRef
And:
Educational video understanding:
Mapping handwritten text to textbook chapters,
ICDAR05(II: 919-923).
IEEE DOI
0508
BibRef
Sun, J.[Jun],
Katsuyama, Y.[Yutaka],
Naoi, S.[Satoshi],
Video Degradation Model and Its Application to Character Recognition in
e-Learning Videos,
DAS04(555-558).
Springer DOI
0505
BibRef
Tekinalp, S.,
Alatan, A.A.,
Utilization of texture, contrast and color homogeneity for detecting
and recognizing text from video frames,
ICIP03(III: 505-508).
IEEE Abstract.
0312
BibRef
Mariano, V.Y.,
Kasturi, R.,
Detection of text marks on moving vehicles,
ICDAR03(393-397).
IEEE DOI
0311
BibRef
Du, E.Y.Z.[Eliza Ying-Zi],
Chang, C.I.[Chein-I],
Thresholding video images for text detection,
ICPR02(III: 919-922).
IEEE DOI
0211
BibRef
Mao, W.[Wenge],
Chung, F.L.[Fu-Lai],
Lam, K.K.M.,
Sin, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Hybrid Chinese/English text detection in images and video frames,
ICPR02(III: 1015-1018).
IEEE DOI
0211
BibRef
Haritaoglu, I.[Ismail],
Scene Text Extraction and Translation for Handheld Devices,
CVPR01(II:408-413).
IEEE DOI
0110
Character Recognition. Find text in video, then translate the text (i.e. Chinese character
signs).
BibRef
Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Text in Scenes, Stroke Based, Contour Based .