14.3.2.1 Out of Distribution, OOD, Detection

Chapter Contents (Back)
Out-of-Distribution. OOD: Out-of-Distribution. Outliers. Outlier Rejection. Outlier Removal. 2609

Antonello, N., Garner, P.N.,
A t-Distribution Based Operator for Enhancing Out of Distribution Robustness of Neural Network Classifiers,
SPLetters(27), 2020, pp. 1070-1074.
IEEE DOI 2007
Artificial neural networks, Gaussian distribution, Uncertainty, Training, Standards, Reliability, Neural networks, classification algorithms BibRef

Upadhyay, U., Mukherjee, P.,
Generating Out of Distribution Adversarial Attack Using Latent Space Poisoning,
SPLetters(28), 2021, pp. 523-527.
IEEE DOI 2103
Training, Perturbation methods, Smoothing methods, Mathematical model, manifold space BibRef

Ding, J.Y.[Jia-Yu], Hu, X.[Xiao], Zhong, X.R.[Xiao-Rong],
A Semantic Encoding Out-of-Distribution Classifier for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning,
SPLetters(28), 2021, pp. 1395-1399.
IEEE DOI 2108
Semantics, Visualization, Encoding, Training, Task analysis, Manifolds, Benchmark testing, Generalized zero-shot learning, semantically consistent mapping BibRef

Wang, L.[Lei], Huang, S.[Sheng], Huangfu, L.[Luwen], Liu, B.[Bo], Zhang, X.H.[Xiao-Hong],
Multi-label out-of-distribution detection via exploiting sparsity and co-occurrence of labels,
IVC(126), 2022, pp. 104548.
Elsevier DOI 2209
Multi-label learning, Out-of-distribution detection, Image classification, Sparse learning, Label co-occurrence BibRef

Dagaev, N.[Nikolay], Roads, B.D.[Brett D.], Luo, X.L.[Xiao-Liang], Barry, D.N.[Daniel N.], Patil, K.R.[Kaustubh R.], Love, B.C.[Bradley C.],
A too-good-to-be-true prior to reduce shortcut reliance,
PRL(166), 2023, pp. 164-171.
Elsevier DOI 2302
Shortcut learning, Out-of-distribution generalization, Robustness, Deep learning BibRef

Yang, J.K.[Jing-Kang], Zhou, K.Y.[Kai-Yang], Liu, Z.W.[Zi-Wei],
Full-Spectrum Out-of-Distribution Detection,
IJCV(131), No. 10, October 2023, pp. 2607-2622.
Springer DOI 2309
BibRef

Kumano, S.[Soichiro], Kera, H.[Hiroshi], Yamasaki, T.[Toshihiko],
Sparse fooling images: Fooling machine perception through unrecognizable images,
PRL(172), 2023, pp. 259-265.
Elsevier DOI 2309
Fooling images, Out-of-distribution, Vulnerability of classifier BibRef

Zhang, J.[Ji], Gao, L.L.[Lian-Li], Hao, B.G.[Bing-Guang], Huang, H.[Hao], Song, J.K.[Jing-Kuan], Shen, H.T.[Heng-Tao],
From Global to Local: Multi-Scale Out-of-Distribution Detection,
IP(32), 2023, pp. 6115-6128.
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2311
BibRef

Zhao, Z.L.[Zhi-Lin], Cao, L.B.[Long-Bing], Lin, K.Y.[Kun-Yu],
Supervision Adaptation Balancing In-Distribution Generalization and Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(45), No. 12, December 2023, pp. 15743-15758.
IEEE DOI 2311
BibRef

Chen, Z.[Zhe], Ding, Z.Q.[Zhi-Quan], Zhang, X.L.[Xiao-Ling], Zhang, X.[Xin], Qin, T.Q.[Tian-Qi],
Improving Out-of-Distribution Generalization in SAR Image Scene Classification with Limited Training Samples,
RS(15), No. 24, 2023, pp. 5761.
DOI Link 2401
BibRef

Fayyad, J.[Jamil], Gupta, K.[Kashish], Mahdian, N.[Navid], Gruyer, D.[Dominique], Najjaran, H.[Homayoun],
Exploiting classifier inter-level features for efficient out-of-distribution detection,
IVC(142), 2024, pp. 104897.
Elsevier DOI 2402
Out-of-distribution detection, Deep learning-based classification, Machine learning, Intermediate feature extraction BibRef

Lehner, A.[Alexander], Gasperini, S.[Stefano], Marcos-Ramiro, A.[Alvaro], Schmidt, M.[Michael], Navab, N.[Nassir], Busam, B.[Benjamin], Tombari, F.[Federico],
3D Adversarial Augmentations for Robust Out-of-Domain Predictions,
IJCV(132), No. 3, March 2024, pp. 931-963.
Springer DOI 2402
BibRef

Yu, Y.[Yeonguk], Shin, S.[Sungho], Ko, M.W.[Minh-Wan], Lee, K.[Kyoobin],
Exploring using jigsaw puzzles for out-of-distribution detection,
CVIU(241), 2024, pp. 103968.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2403
Neural networks, Image recognition, Out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Wang, Y.J.[Yu-Jie], Yu, K.[Kui], Xiang, G.[Guodu], Cao, F.Y.[Fu-Yuan], Liang, J.[Jiye],
Discovering causally invariant features for out-of-distribution generalization,
PR(150), 2024, pp. 110338.
Elsevier DOI 2403
Out-of-distribution generalization, Local causal structure learning, Causal effect estimation BibRef

Lu, W.[Wang], Wang, J.D.[Jin-Dong], Sun, X.W.[Xin-Wei], Chen, Y.Q.[Yi-Qiang], Ji, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Yang, Q.[Qiang], Xie, X.[Xing],
Diversify: A General Framework for Time Series Out-of-Distribution Detection and Generalization,
PAMI(46), No. 6, June 2024, pp. 4534-4550.
IEEE DOI 2405
Time series analysis, Feature extraction, Training, Transformers, Task analysis, Representation learning, Optimization, time series BibRef

Li, S.C.[Si-Cong], Li, N.[Ning], Jing, M.[Min], Ji, C.[Chen], Cheng, L.[Liang],
Evaluation of Ten Deep-Learning-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection Methods for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification,
RS(16), No. 9, 2024, pp. 1501.
DOI Link 2405
BibRef

Zhou, C.F.[Cheng-Feng], Wang, J.[Jun], Xiang, S.C.[Sun-Cheng], Liu, F.[Feng], Huang, H.F.[He-Feng], Qian, D.H.[Da-Hong],
A Simple Normalization Technique Using Window Statistics to Improve the Out-of-Distribution Generalization on Medical Images,
MedImg(43), No. 6, June 2024, pp. 2086-2097.
IEEE DOI 2406
Training, Biomedical imaging, Data augmentation, Task analysis, Data models, Computational modeling, Histograms, Normalization, multi-center data BibRef

Sun, Z.H.[Zhuo-Hao], Qiu, Y.Q.[Yi-Qiao], Tan, Z.J.[Zhi-Jun], Zheng, W.S.[Wei-Shi], Wang, R.X.[Rui-Xuan],
Classifier-Head Informed Feature Masking and Prototype-Based Logit Smoothing for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CirSysVideo(34), No. 7, July 2024, pp. 5630-5640.
IEEE DOI 2407
Feature extraction, Smoothing methods, Training, Data models, Prototypes, Benchmark testing, logit smoothing BibRef

Xia, G.X.[Guo-Xuan], Bouganis, C.S.[Christos-Savvas],
Augmenting the Softmax with Additional Confidence Scores for Improved Selective Classification with Out-of-Distribution Data,
IJCV(132), No. 1, January 2024, pp. 3714-3752.
Springer DOI 2409
BibRef
Earlier:
Augmenting Softmax Information for Selective Classification with Out-of-distribution Data,
ACCV22(VI:664-680).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Ma, S.J.[Shi-Jie], Zhu, F.[Fei], Cheng, Z.[Zhen], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao],
Towards trustworthy dataset distillation,
PR(157), 2025, pp. 110875.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2409
Dataset distillation, Out-of-distribution detection, Data-efficient learning, Trustworthy learning BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Yao], Chen, Y.F.[Yue-Feng], Li, X.D.[Xiao-Dan], Zhang, R.[Rong], Xue, H.[Hui], Tian, X.[Xiang], Jiang, R.X.[Rong-Xin], Zheng, B.L.[Bo-Lun], Chen, Y.W.[Yao-Wu],
Rethinking Out-of-Distribution Detection From a Human-Centric Perspective,
IJCV(132), No. 10, October 2024, pp. 4633-4650.
Springer DOI 2410
BibRef

Zhao, B.C.[Bing-Chen], Wang, J.H.[Jia-Hao], Ma, W.F.[Wu-Fei], Jesslen, A.[Artur], Yang, S.W.[Si-Wei], Yu, S.Z.[Shao-Zuo], Zendel, O.[Oliver], Theobalt, C.[Christian], Yuille, A.L.[Alan L.], Kortylewski, A.[Adam],
OOD-CV-v2: An Extended Benchmark for Robustness to Out-of-Distribution Shifts of Individual Nuisances in Natural Images,
PAMI(46), No. 12, December 2024, pp. 11104-11118.
IEEE DOI 2411
Benchmark testing, Robustness, Shape, Pose estimation, Meteorology, Noise, Out-of-distribution generalization, Robustness, 6D pose estimation BibRef

Zhao, B.C.[Bing-Chen], Yu, S.Z.[Shao-Zuo], Ma, W.F.[Wu-Fei], Yu, M.X.[Ming-Xin], Mei, S.X.[Shen-Xiao], Wang, A.T.[Ang-Tian], He, J.[Ju], Yuille, A.L.[Alan L.], Kortylewski, A.[Adam],
OOD-CV: A Benchmark for Robustness to Out-of-Distribution Shifts of Individual Nuisances in Natural Images,
ECCV22(VIII:163-180).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

He, R.D.[Run-Dong], Han, Z.Y.[Zhong-Yi], Nie, X.S.[Xiu-Shan], Yin, Y.L.[Yi-Long], Chang, X.J.[Xiao-Jun],
Visual Out-of-Distribution Detection in Open-Set Noisy Environments,
IJCV(132), No. 11, November 2024, pp. 5453-5470.
Springer DOI 2411
BibRef

Wu, Y.W.[Ying-Wen], Li, T.[Tao], Cheng, X.W.[Xin-Wen], Yang, J.[Jie], Huang, X.L.[Xiao-Lin],
Low-Dimensional Gradient Helps Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(46), No. 12, December 2024, pp. 11378-11391.
IEEE DOI 2411
Feature extraction, Dimensionality reduction, Data models, Nearest neighbor methods, Training, Benchmark testing, deep neural networks (DNNs) BibRef

Zhang, Y.H.[Yu-Hang], Hu, J.[Jiani], Wen, D.C.[Dong-Chao], Deng, W.H.[Wei-Hong],
Unsupervised evaluation for out-of-distribution detection,
PR(160), 2025, pp. 111212.
Elsevier DOI 2501
Unsupervised evaluation, Out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Yang, J.K.[Jing-Kang], Zhou, K.Y.[Kai-Yang], Li, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan], Liu, Z.W.[Zi-Wei],
Generalized Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Survey,
IJCV(132), No. 12, December 2024, pp. 5635-5662.
Springer DOI 2501
BibRef

Fang, K.[Kun], Tao, Q.H.[Qing-Hua], Huang, X.L.[Xiao-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie],
Revisiting Deep Ensemble for Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Loss Landscape Perspective,
IJCV(132), No. 12, December 2024, pp. 6107-6126.
Springer DOI 2501
BibRef

Huang, Z.[Zhuo], Li, M.Y.[Mu-Yang], Shen, L.[Li], Yu, J.[Jun], Gong, C.[Chen], Han, B.[Bo], Liu, T.L.[Tong-Liang],
Winning Prize Comes from Losing Tickets: Improve Invariant Learning by Exploring Variant Parameters for Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
IJCV(133), No. 1, January 2025, pp. 456-474.
Springer DOI 2501
BibRef

Jia, Y.L.[Yu-Long], Li, J.M.[Jia-Ming], Zhao, G.L.[Gan-Long], Liu, S.Y.[Shuang-Yin], Sun, W.J.[Wei-Jun], Lin, L.[Liang], Li, G.B.[Guan-Bin],
Enhancing out-of-distribution detection via diversified multi-prototype contrastive learning,
PR(161), 2025, pp. 111214.
Elsevier DOI 2502
Out-of-distribution detection, Robust AI, Contrastive learning BibRef

Nie, J.[Jun], Luo, Y.[Yadan], Ye, S.S.[Shan-Shan], Zhang, Y.G.[Yong-Gang], Tian, X.M.[Xin-Mei], Fang, Z.[Zhen],
Out-of-Distribution Detection with Virtual Outlier Smoothing,
IJCV(133), No. 2, February 2025, pp. 724-741.
Springer DOI 2502
BibRef

Liu, W.F.[Wei-Feng], Yu, H.R.[Hao-Ran], Wang, Y.J.[Ying-Jie], Liu, B.[Baodi], Tao, D.P.[Da-Peng], Chen, H.L.[Hong-Long],
IW-ViT: Independence-Driven Weighting Vision Transformer for out-of-distribution generalization,
PR(161), 2025, pp. 111308.
Elsevier DOI 2502
Out-of-distribution generalization, Vision Transformer, Independence sample weighting, Feature decorrelation BibRef

Wei, J.[Jie], Wang, G.[Guotai], Zhang, S.T.[Shao-Ting],
Fine-grained medical image out-of-distribution detection through multi-view feature uncertainty and adversarial sample generation,
PR(162), 2025, pp. 111401.
Elsevier DOI 2503
Out-of-distribution detection, Uncertainty, Mahalanobis distance, Adversarial samples BibRef

Song, Y.[Yue], Wang, W.[Wei], Sebe, N.[Nicu],
RankFeat&RankWeight: Rank-1 Feature/Weight Removal for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(47), No. 4, April 2025, pp. 2505-2519.
IEEE DOI 2503
Feature extraction, Vectors, Benchmark testing, Sun, Upper bound, Predictive models, Deep learning, Data models, Training, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Miyai, A.[Atsuyuki], Yu, Q.[Qing], Irie, G.[Go], Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
GL-MCM: Global and Local Maximum Concept Matching for Zero-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection,
IJCV(133), No. 6, June 2025, pp. 3586-3596.
Springer DOI 2505
BibRef

Peng, Z.[Zhimao], Wang, E.[Enguang], Liu, X.L.[Xia-Lei], Cheng, M.M.[Ming-Ming],
Predictive Sample Assignment for Semantically Coherent Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CirSysVideo(35), No. 5, May 2025, pp. 4686-4697.
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2505
Training, Data models, Predictive models, Filtering, Noise measurement, Semantics, Representation learning, robustness BibRef

Wood, D.[David], Kapp, D.[David], Messay-Kebede, T.[Temesguen], Hirakawa, K.[Keigo],
LMP-GAN: Out-of-Distribution Detection for Non-Control Data Malware Attacks,
PAMI(47), No. 7, July 2025, pp. 5434-5444.
IEEE DOI 2506
Malware, Anomaly detection, Training, Trojan horses, Training data, Detectors, Robot sensing systems, Monitoring, semisupervised learning BibRef

Chen, R.[Ran], Zhu, H.[Huaguang], Xiao, B.[Bofei], Ma, T.[TieFeng],
CAM: Causality-driven Adaptive Sparsity and Hierarchical Memory for robust out-of-distribution learning in GNNs,
PR(168), 2025, pp. 111812.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2506
Graph neural networks, Causal inference, Adaptive sparse expert selection, Environmental shifts BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Yao], Yan, X.[Xiu], Xie, C.L.[Chuan-Long],
Towards Boosting Out-of-Distribution Detection from a Spatial Feature Importance Perspective,
IJCV(133), No. 7, July 2025, pp. 3839-3857.
Springer DOI 2506
BibRef

Xiang, X.[Xiang], Xu, Z.[Zhuo], Zhang, Z.[Zihan], Zeng, Z.G.[Zhi-Gang], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin],
Enhanced Dual-Pattern Matching With Vision-Language Representation for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(47), No. 11, November 2025, pp. 9673-9687.
IEEE DOI 2510
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A2, A1, Only:
Vision-language Dual-pattern Matching for Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(LXXXV: 273-291).
Springer DOI 2412
Visualization, Adaptation models, Training, Data models, Computational modeling, Feature extraction, Pattern matching, vision-language models BibRef

Miao, W.J.[Wen-Jun], Pang, G.S.[Guan-Song], Nguyen, T.T.[Trong-Tung], Fang, R.[Ruohuan], Zheng, J.[Jin], Bai, X.[Xiao],
OpenCIL: Benchmarking out-of-distribution detection in class incremental learning,
PR(171), 2026, pp. 112163.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2510
Out-of-distribution detection, Class incremental learning BibRef

Li, H.Y.[Hao-Yang], Wang, X.[Xin], Zhang, Z.W.[Zi-Wei], Zhu, W.W.[Wen-Wu],
Out-of-Distribution Generalization on Graphs: A Survey,
PAMI(47), No. 11, November 2025, pp. 10490-10512.
IEEE DOI 2510
Training, Data models, Machine learning, Reviews, Testing, Surveys, Data augmentation, Self-supervised learning, Pipelines, out-of-distribution generalization (OOD) BibRef

Zhu, L.[Lin], Yang, Y.F.[Yi-Feng], Nie, Z.C.[Zi-Chao], Gao, Y.[Yuan], Li, J.R.[Jia-Rui], Gu, Q.Y.[Qin-Ying], Wang, X.B.[Xin-Bing], Zhou, C.H.[Cheng-Hu], Ye, N.Y.[Nan-Yang],
InfoBound: A Provable Information-Bounds Inspired Framework for Both OoD Generalization and OoD Detection,
PAMI(47), No. 11, November 2025, pp. 10227-10242.
IEEE DOI 2510
Semantics, Mutual information, Entropy, Training, Minimization, Hands, Feature extraction, Data models, Testing, Mathematical models, bound minimization BibRef

Ning, J.[Jie], Sun, J.[Jiebao], Shi, S.Z.[Sheng-Zhu], Guo, Z.[Zhichang], Li, Y.[Yao], Li, H.W.[Hong-Wei], Wu, B.Y.[Bo-Ying],
Adversarial Transferability in Deep Denoising Models: Theoretical Insights and Robustness Enhancement via Out-of-Distribution Typical Set Sampling,
SIIMS(18), No. 3, 2025, pp. 1788-1827.
DOI Link 2510
BibRef

Huang, K.[Kuiyun], Chen, M.L.[Meng-Long], Zheng, H.[Hong], Lin, B.[Baihong], Fan, S.[Shicai],
Soft Cluster-Aware Equivariant Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CirSysVideo(35), No. 11, November 2025, pp. 11309-11322.
IEEE DOI 2511
Semantics, Contrastive learning, Representation learning, Feature extraction, Training, Data mining, Accuracy, Fans, Prototypes, semantic information BibRef

Lu, S.[Shuo], Wang, Y.S.[Ying-Sheng], Sheng, L.J.[Li-Jun], He, L.X.[Ling-Xiao], Zheng, A.[Aihua], Liang, J.[Jian],
Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Task-Oriented Survey of Recent Advances,
Surveys(58), No. 2, September 2025, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 2511
Survey, Out-of-Distribution. Trustworthy machine learning, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Zhu, L.[Lin], Yin, W.H.[Wei-Han], Wu, F.[Fan], Gu, Q.Y.[Qin-Ying], Wang, X.B.[Xin-Bing], Zhou, C.H.[Cheng-Hu], Ye, N.Y.[Nan-Yang],
Bayes-CAL: Robust Cross-Modal Alignment by Bayesian Approach for Few-Shot OoD Generalization,
IJCV(133), No. 10, October 2025, pp. 7076-7109.
Springer DOI 2511
BibRef

Yang, Z.[Zhenni], Liu, C.X.[Cheng-Xu], Qian, X.M.[Xue-Ming],
SLE: Out-of-Distribution Detection With Shallow Layer-Driven Enhancement,
MultMed(27), 2025, pp. 8288-8297.
IEEE DOI 2511
Training, Feature extraction, Semantics, Manifold learning, Redundancy, Detectors, Data mining, Cross layer design, semantic shifts BibRef

Zhang, H.[Hanlei], Zhou, Q.[Qianrui], Xu, H.[Hua], Su, J.H.[Jian-Hua], Evans, R.[Roberto], Gao, K.[Kai],
Multimodal Classification and Out-of-Distribution Detection for Multimodal Intent Understanding,
MultMed(27), 2025, pp. 9887-9901.
IEEE DOI 2601
Transformers, Videos, Semantics, Intent recognition, Feature extraction, Contrastive learning, Benchmark testing, multimodal fusion BibRef

Zhang, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Wang, X.[Xue], Zhou, T.[Tian], Yuan, K.[Kun], Zhang, Z.[Zhang], Wang, L.[Liang], Jin, R.[Rong],
Model-Free Test Time Adaptation for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(48), No. 2, February 2026, pp. 1542-1553.
IEEE DOI 2601
Nearest neighbor methods, Adaptation models, Benchmark testing, Training, Machine learning, Detectors, Data models, Accuracy, non-parametric classifier BibRef

Maldonado, C.[Camilo], Valle, C.[Carlos], Allende, H.[Héctor],
Bimodal beta mixture distribution for enhanced OOD inner-differentiation in multi-class text classification,
PRL(200), 2026, pp. 158-164.
Elsevier DOI 2601
Out-of-distribution detection, Natural language processing, Outlier exposure, Pre-trained transformer models BibRef

Wen, J.[Jie], Liu, Y.C.[Yi-Cheng], Huang, C.[Chao], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Liang], Xu, Y.[Yong], Cao, X.C.[Xiao-Chun],
Causal Interventional Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
PAMI(48), No. 2, February 2026, pp. 1978-1991.
IEEE DOI 2601
Training, Adaptation models, Correlation, Feature extraction, Tuning, Birds, Visualization, Robustness, Image recognition, Data models, CLIP, Out-of-Distribution generalization BibRef

Zhu, L.[Lin], Yin, W.H.[Wei-Han], Yang, Y.[Yiyao], Wu, Y.F.[Yi-Fei], Gu, Q.Y.[Qin-Ying], Wang, X.[Xinbing], Zhou, C.H.[Cheng-Hu], Ye, N.[Nanyang],
CFSM: A Novel Causal Feature Selection Module for Two-Dimensional Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
PAMI(48), No. 2, February 2026, pp. 1590-1607.
IEEE DOI 2601
Training, Analytical models, Correlation, Architecture, Buildings, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Mathematical models, causal feature selection BibRef

Ye, N.Y.[Nan-Yang], Li, K.[Kaican], Wu, F.[Fan], Zhou, J.D.[Jun-Dong], Bai, H.Y.[Hao-Yue], Yu, R.P.[Run-Peng], Hong, L.Q.[Lan-Qing], Zhou, F.W.[Feng-Wei], Li, Z.G.[Zhen-Guo], Zhu, J.[Jun], Wang, X.B.[Xin-Bing], Zhou, C.H.[Cheng-Hu],
OoDBench+: Quantifying and Understanding Two Dimensions of Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
PAMI(48), No. 3, March 2026, pp. 2566-2580.
IEEE DOI 2602
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, Only:
OoD-Bench: Quantifying and Understanding Two Dimensions of Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
CVPR22(7937-7948)
IEEE DOI 2210
Correlation, Training, Classification algorithms, Neural networks, Hands, Deep learning, Benchmark testing, Solid modeling, distribution shifts. Training, Deep learning, Correlation, Codes, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Transfer/low-shot/long-tail learning, Datasets and evaluation BibRef

Wang, X.[Xin], Li, H.Y.[Hao-Yang], Zhang, Z.Y.[Ze-Yang], Chen, H.B.[Hai-Bo], Xiao, T.[Tong], Li, K.[Kehan], Zhu, W.W.[Wen-Wu],
Uncertainty-Aware Disentangled Dynamic Graph Attention Network for Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
PAMI(48), No. 3, March 2026, pp. 2200-2220.
IEEE DOI 2602
Uncertainty, Optimization, Training, Synthetic data, Adaptation models, Accuracy, Testing, Predictive models, out-of-distribution generalization BibRef

Sun, Q.Y.[Qing-Yun], Luo, J.Y.[Jia-Yi], Yuan, H.N.[Hao-Nan], Fu, X.C.[Xing-Cheng], Peng, H.[Hao], Li, J.X.[Jian-Xin], Yu, P.S.[Philip S.],
Evolving Graph Learning for Out-of-Distribution Generalization in Non-Stationary Environments,
PAMI(48), No. 3, March 2026, pp. 2714-2730.
IEEE DOI 2602
Correlation, Testing, Training, Predictive models, Extrapolation, Encoding, Data models, Convolution, Graph neural networks, out-of-distribution generalization BibRef

Ma, X.S.[Xin-Song], Wu, J.[Jie], Zou, X.[Xin], Liu, W.W.[Wei-Wei],
A Unified Decision Rule for Generalized Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(48), No. 3, March 2026, pp. 3544-3555.
IEEE DOI 2602
Testing, Training, Upper bound, Gaussian distribution, Feature extraction, Computational modeling, Anomaly detection, P-value BibRef

Wu, T.S.[Tian-Shuang], Lyu, S.H.[Shen-Huan], Wang, Y.Y.[Yan-Yan], Chen, N.[Ning], Qu, Z.H.[Zhi-Hao], Ye, B.[Baoliu],
Compressing model with few class-imbalance samples: An out-of-distribution expedition,
PRL(201), 2026, pp. 117-124.
Elsevier DOI 2602
Few-shot learning, Network compression, Class imbalance, Image classification BibRef

Jung, M.C.[Myong Chol], Dipnall, J.[Joanna], Gabbe, B.[Belinda], Zhao, H.[He],
Near OOD Detection for Vision-Language Prompt Learning with Contrastive Logit Score,
IJCV(134), No. 4, April 2026, pp. 187.
Springer DOI 2603
BibRef

Lind, S.K.[Simon Kristoffersson], Triebel, R.[Rudolph], Krüger, V.[Volker],
GPify: Leveraging the Combined Strength of Normalizing Flow and Softmax For an Out-of-Distribution aware Confidence Score,
IJCV(134), No. 4, April 2026, pp. 185.
Springer DOI 2603
BibRef

Lan, L.[Long], Hu, Z.H.[Zhao-Hui], Li, H.[He], Liu, T.L.[Tong-Liang], Liu, X.W.[Xin-Wang],
C-WOE: Clustering for Out-of-Distribution Detection Learning With Wild Outlier Exposure,
IP(35), 2026, pp. 2066-2079.
IEEE DOI 2603
Training, Noise, Reliability, Data models, Computational modeling, Random variables, Annotations, Weak supervision, Systematics, Solids, reliable image classification BibRef

Yu, H.R.[Hao-Ran], Liu, W.F.[Wei-Feng], Wang, Y.J.[Ying-Jie], Liu, B.[Baodi], Tao, D.P.[Da-Peng], Chen, H.L.[Hong-Long],
Causal-guided strength differential independence sample weighting for out-of-distribution generalization,
PR(176), 2026, pp. 113179.
Elsevier DOI 2603
Out-of-distribution generalization, Distribution shift, Independence sample weighting, Feature decorrelation BibRef

Yin, Z.[Zihao], Wang, Z.H.[Zhi-Hai], Liu, H.Y.[Hai-Yang], Li, C.L.[Chuan-Lan], Yao, M.[Muyun], Li, S.J.[Shi-Jiang], Li, F.J.[Fang-Jing], Ren, J.[Jia], Yang, Y.C.[Yan-Chao],
PUA: Pseudo-features made useful again for robust graph node classification under distribution shift,
PR(176), 2026, pp. 113185.
Elsevier DOI 2603
Graph neural network, Node classification, Out-of-distribution generalization, Causal feature disentanglement BibRef

Kasarla, T.[Tejaswi], van Spengler, M.[Max], Mettes, P.S.[Pascal S.],
Balanced Hyperbolic Embeddings Are Natural Out-of-Distribution Detectors,
IJCV(134), No. 1, January 2026, pp. 202.
Springer DOI 2604
BibRef

Yang, Y.H.[Yan-Hua], Yang, M.[Muli], Li, J.H.[Jia-Hua], Wang, H.[Henan], Deng, C.[Cheng], Zhu, H.Y.[Hong-Yuan],
Counterfactual Risk Minimization for Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
IP(35), 2026, pp. 4253-4268.
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2605
Space technology, MIMICs, Millimeter wave integrated circuits, counterfactual BibRef

Sevillano-García, I.[Iván], Luengo, J.[Julián], Herrera, F.[Francisco],
STOOD-X: Explainable out-of-distribution detection via nonparametric statistical testing on large-scale datasets,
PR(177), 2026, pp. 113254.
Elsevier DOI 2605
Explainable artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Out-of-distribution BibRef

Zhang, C.[Chi], Wang, W.[Wei], Zhao, Y.[Yao], Sebe, N.[Nicu], Song, Y.[Yue],
Sharpness-Aware Fine-Tuning for OOD Detection,
IP(35), 2026, pp. 4064-4077.
IEEE DOI 2605
Speckle, MIMICs, Millimeter wave integrated circuits, Monolithic integrated circuits, Optical noise, Internet, Videos, sharpness-aware minimization BibRef

Azzopardi, G.[George], Esposito, S.[Sabatino], Greco, A.[Antonio], Vento, M.[Mario],
ShapeBlend: Boosting out-of-distribution robustness in image classification via shape-based blending augmentation,
CVIU(268), 2026, pp. 104768.
Elsevier DOI 2605
Corruption robustness, Data augmentation, Distribution shift, Network bias, Domain generalization BibRef

Hu, Z.H.[Zhao-Hui], Wang, Q.Z.[Qi-Zhou], Liu, X.W.[Xin-Wang], Lan, L.[Long], Han, B.[Bo],
On the Two Facets to Conquer Wild Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(48), No. 7, July 2026, pp. 8060-8074.
IEEE DOI 2606
Data models, Training, Detectors, Semantics, Predictive models, Reliability theory, Probability density function, reliable machine learning BibRef

Han, R.S.[Rui-Song], Zhang, J.H.[Jia-Hao], Zhang, G.F.[Guo-Feng], Cheng, M.Y.[Ming-Yue], Zhang, C.Q.[Chang-Qing], Han, Z.[Zongbo],
Retrieval-augmented prompt for out-of-distribution detection,
PR(179), 2026, pp. 113779.
Elsevier DOI 2606
OOD detection, Retrieval-augmented prompt, Vision-language models BibRef

Lu, X.H.[Xin-Hua], Lai, R.[Runhe], Wu, Y.Q.[Yan-Qi], Chen, K.H.[Kang-Hao], Dai, Z.M.[Zhi-Ming], Zheng, W.S.[Wei-Shi], Wang, R.X.[Rui-Xuan],
PLNK: Prompt Learning With Neutral Knowledge for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CirSysVideo(36), No. 7, July 2026, pp. 9518-9532.
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2607
Semantics, Visualization, Data models, Benchmark testing, Training, Videos, Training data, Natural language processing, Focusing, few-shot learning BibRef

Vojír, T.[Tomáš], Šochman, J.[Jan], Matas, J.G.[Jirí G.],
PixOOD: Pixel-Level Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(48), No. 9, September 2026, pp. 10682-10694.
IEEE DOI 2608
BibRef
Earlier: ECCV24(LX: 93-109).
Springer DOI 2412
Filtering, Filters, Pixel, Digital images, Electro-absorption modulators, Location awareness, expectation maximization BibRef

Dong, Y.L.[Yi-Lin], Zhu, T.Y.[Tian-Yun], Li, X.[Xinde], Dezert, J.[Jean], Zhou, R.[Rigui], Zhu, C.M.[Chang-Ming], Cao, L.[Lei], Ge, S.Z.S.[Shu-Zhi Sam],
Quantum Conflict Measurement in Decision Fusion for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
PAMI(48), No. 9, September 2026, pp. 10551-10569.
IEEE DOI 2608
Filtering, Filters, Quantum circuit, Communication systems, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Fang, K.[Kun], Tao, Q.H.[Qing-Hua], He, M.Z.[Ming-Zhen], Lv, K.[Kexin], Yang, R.Z.[Run-Ze], Hu, H.B.[Hai-Bo], Huang, X.L.[Xiao-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie], Cao, L.B.[Long-Bing],
Kernel PCA for Out-of-Distribution Detection: Non-Linear Kernel Selection and Approximation,
PAMI(48), No. 10, October 2026, pp. 13220-13235.
IEEE DOI 2609
Signal detection, Kernel, Modeling, Training, Distance measurement, Principal component analysis, Manganese, Machine learning, Nyström method BibRef

Shen, X.[Xu], Liu, Y.X.[Yi-Xin], Wang, Y.[Yili], Miao, R.[Rui], Dai, Y.W.[Yi-Wei], Pan, S.R.[Shi-Rui], Chang, Y.[Yi], Wang, X.[Xin],
Raising the Bar in Graph OOD Generalization: Invariant Learning Beyond Explicit Environment Modeling,
PAMI(48), No. 10, October 2026, pp. 13339-13353.
IEEE DOI 2609
Prototypes, Modeling, Labeling, Graph neural networks, Information processing, Machine learning, Training, hyperspherical space BibRef


Nguyen, Q.H.[Quang-Huy], Zhou, J.P.[Jin Peng], Liu, Z.Z.[Zhen-Zhen], Bui, K.H.[Khanh-Huyen], Weinberger, K.Q.[Kilian Q.], Chao, W.L.[Wei-Lun], Le, D.D.[Dung D.],
Detecting Out-of-Distribution Objects through Class-Conditioned Inpainting,
WACV26(1937-1947)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2609
Protocols, Denial-of-service attack, Receivers, Distributed denial-of-service attack, Location awareness, Connectors BibRef

Rabbi, R.[Rawhatur], Sarwar, F.A.[Fabliha Afaf], Islam, M.F.[Md Farhadul], Ahmed, T.[Tashik], Rudro, S.[Sidu], Rahman, M.M.[Md. Mahfujur], Manab, M.A.[Meem Arafat], Mukta, J.N.[Jannatun Noor],
Contrast Then Confidence C^2: Contrastive Pretraining for Uncertainty-Aware Out-of-Distribution Detection in Satellite Imagery,
CVGeoSpatial26(877-885)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2609
Modeling, Uncertainty, Signal detection, Training, Architecture, Computer architecture, Entropy, Measurement, uncertainty estimation BibRef

Politowicz, A.[Alexander], Mazumder, S.[Sahisnu], Liu, B.[Bing],
Improving Out-of-Distribution Detection using Segmented Images and Cross-View Attention Fusion,
WACV26(5269-5279)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2609
LoRa, Cloud computing, Protocols, Media Access Control, Receivers, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Krumpl, G.[Gerhard], Avenhaus, H.[Henning], Possegger, H.[Horst],
One Model, Many Behaviors: Training-Induced Effects on Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV26(4128-4138)
IEEE DOI 2609
Filtering, Filters, Protocols, Receivers, Media Access Control, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Adaloglou, N.[Nikolas], Petrusheva, D.[Diana], Asker, M.[Mohamed], Michels, F.[Felix], Kollmann, M.[Markus],
ClusterMine: Robust Label-Free Visual Out-Of-Distribution Detection via Concept Mining from Text Corpora,
WACV26(1999-2010)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2609
Filtering, Filters, Protocols, Pixel, Learning (artificial intelligence), negative label mining BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yimu], Riddell, E.[Evelien], Chow, A.[Adrian], Sedwards, S.[Sean], Czarnecki, K.[Krzysztof],
Mitigating the Modality Gap: Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection with Multi-modal Prototypes and Image Bias Estimation,
WACV26(2741-2751)
IEEE DOI 2609
Receivers, Pixel, Protocols, Media Access Control, Storage area networks, Videos, Video equipment, Communication equipment BibRef

Sazzad Sayyed, A.Q.M., Bastian, N.D.[Nathaniel D.], Restuccia, F.[Francesco],
ENCORE: A Neural Collapse Perspective on Out-of-Distribution Detection in Deep Neural Networks,
WACV26(2944-2953)
IEEE DOI 2609
Protocols, Receivers, Amplitude shift keying, Amplitude modulation, neural collapse BibRef

Hayakawa, K.[Kaede], Maeda, K.[Keisuke], Togo, R.[Ren], Ogawa, T.[Takahiro], Haseyama, M.[Miki],
Out-of-Distribution Sample Selection Generated by Diffusion Model toward Model Generalization,
ICIP25(1-6)
IEEE DOI 2601
Training, Image recognition, Semantics, Training data, Diffusion models, Data models, Robustness, Photorealistic images, data screening BibRef

Noda, S.[Shiho], Miyai, A.[Atsuyuki], Yu, Q.[Qing], Irie, G.[Go], Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
A Benchmark and Evaluation for Real-World Out-of-Distribution Detection Using Vision-Language Models,
ICIP25(181-186)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2601
Codes, Semantics, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Robustness, Safety, Out-of-distribution Detection, Vision Language Model, Benchmark BibRef

Ravikumar, D.[Deepak], Soufleri, E.[Efstathia], Roy, K.[Kaushik],
Improved Out-of-Distribution Detection with Additive Angular Margin Loss,
WiCV25(3425-3432)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2512
Training, Measurement, Additives, Codes, Detectors, Artificial neural networks, Calibration, Active appearance model, additive angular margin BibRef

Guo, H.Z.[Hong-Zhi], Schrader, P.T.[Paul T.], Blasch, E.[Erik],
Enhancing Multi-Modal Automatic Target Recognition Using Out-of-Distribution Exploitation (MATRODE),
PBVS25(4512-4520)
IEEE DOI 2512
Training, Radio frequency, Passive radar, Accuracy, Target recognition, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Electro-optical waveguides BibRef

Chen, G.Y.[Guang-Yao], Horstmann, K.[Kai], Wang, Z.L.[Zhi-Ling], You, F.Q.[Feng-Qi],
Automated Essential Concept Discovery for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection,
VAND25(3964-3974)
IEEE DOI 2512
Training, Learning systems, Visual analytics, Prototypes, Documentation, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Standards BibRef

Khanna, A.[Amol], Ling, C.[Chenyi], Everett, D.[Derek], Raff, E.[Edward], Inkawhich, N.[Nathan],
Multi-Layer Radial Basis Function Networks for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
VAND25(3954-3963)
IEEE DOI 2512
Training, Manifolds, Training data, Radial basis function networks, Computer architecture, Nonhomogeneous media, Feature extraction, depression mechanism BibRef

Ekim, B.[Burak], Tadesse, G.A.[Girmaw Abebe], Robinson, C.[Caleb], Hacheme, G.[Gilles], Schmitt, M.[Michael], Dodhia, R.[Rahul], Ferres, J.M.L.[Juan M. Lavista],
Distribution Shifts at Scale: Out-of-distribution Detection in Earth Observation,
FGVC25(2256-2265)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2512
Earth, Training, Technological innovation, Limiting, Computational modeling, Semantics, Robustness, Geospatial analysis, geospatial machine learning BibRef

Botschen, T.[Thomas], Kirchheim, K.[Konstantin], Ortmeier, F.[Frank],
Out-of-Distribution Detection with Adversarial Outlier Exposure,
SAIAD25(4391-4400)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2512
Training, Image segmentation, Perturbation methods, Object detection, Machine learning, Robustness, deep learning BibRef

Schmidt, S.[Sebastian], Schenk, L.[Leonard], Schwinn, L.[Leo], Günnemann, S.[Stephan],
Joint Out-of-Distribution Filtering and Data Discovery Active Learning,
CVPR25(25677-25687)
IEEE DOI 2508
Training, Measurement, Deep learning, Filtering, Semantic segmentation, Active learning, Object detection, category discovery BibRef

Gutbrod, M.[Max], Rauber, D.[David], Nunes, D.W.[Danilo Weber], Palm, C.[Christoph],
OpenMIBOOD: Open Medical Imaging Benchmarks for Out-Of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR25(25874-25886)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2508
Training, Image segmentation, Technological innovation, Semantics, Medical services, Benchmark testing, Reliability, trustworthy artificial intelligence BibRef

Chen, Q.[Qi], Ding, H.[Hu],
Dual Energy-Based Model with Open-World Uncertainty Estimation for Out-of-distribution Detection,
CVPR25(25728-25737)
IEEE DOI 2508
Uncertainty, Limiting, Scalability, Estimation, Machine learning, Linear programming, Standards, energy-based model, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Yang, Y.F.[Yi-Feng], Zhu, L.[Lin], Sun, Z.[Zewen], Liu, H.[Hengyu], Gu, Q.Y.[Qin-Ying], Ye, N.[Nanyang],
OODD: Test-time Out-of-Distribution Detection with Dynamic Dictionary,
CVPR25(30630-30639)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2508
Training, Deep learning, Adaptation models, Dictionaries, Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Benchmark testing BibRef

Ye, C.K.[Chang-Kun], Tsuchida, R.[Russell], Petersson, L.[Lars], Barnes, N.M.[Nick M.],
Open Set Label Shift with Test Time Out-of-Distribution Reference,
CVPR25(30619-30629)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2508
Adaptation models, Maximum likelihood estimation, Analytical models, Codes, Computational modeling, BibRef

Kim, J.[Jeonghyeon], Hwang, S.[Sangheum],
Enhanced OoD Detection through Cross-Modal Alignment of Multi-Modal Representations,
CVPR25(29979-29988)
IEEE DOI 2508
Training, Maximum likelihood estimation, Accuracy, Semantics, Contrastive learning, Benchmark testing, Tuning, energy-based model BibRef

Karunanayake, N.[Naveen], Seneviratne, S.[Suranga], Chawla, S.[Sanjay],
CRAFT: Class Ranking Aware Fine-Tuning for Enhanced Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV25(4119-4128)
IEEE DOI 2505
Accuracy, Artificial neural networks, Artificial intelligence, Autonomous vehicles, out-of-distribution detection, deep neural networks BibRef

Zhdanov, M.[Maksim], Dereka, S.[Stanislav], Kolesnikov, S.[Sergey],
Identity Curvature Laplace Approximation for Improved Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV25(7019-7028)
IEEE DOI 2505
Uncertainty, Estimation, Minimization, Calibration, Bayes methods, Artificial intelligence, Standards, bayesian methods, calibration BibRef

Udayangani, N.[Nimeshika], Dolatabadi, H.M.[Hadi M.], Erfani, S.[Sarah], Leckie, C.[Christopher],
Exploiting Inter-Sample Information for Long-Tailed Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV25(8546-8555)
IEEE DOI 2505
Representation learning, Heavily-tailed distribution, Accuracy, Graph convolutional networks, Training data, graph representation learning BibRef

Sinhamahapatra, P.[Poulami], Schwaiger, F.[Franziska], Bose, S.[Shirsha], Wang, H.Y.[Hui-Yu], Roscher, K.[Karsten], Günnemann, S.[Stephan],
Finding Dino: A Plug-and-Play Framework for Zero-Shot Detection of Out-of-Distribution Objects Using Prototypes,
WACV25(8474-8483)
IEEE DOI 2505
Training, Rails, Measurement, Foundation models, Roads, Prototypes, Object detection, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, automated driving BibRef

Fu, H.[Hao], Patel, N.[Naman], Krishnamurthy, P.[Prashanth], Khorrami, F.[Farshad],
CLIPScope: Enhancing Zero-Shot OOD Detection with Bayesian Scoring,
WACV25(5346-5355)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2505
Codes, Foundation models, Databases, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Bayes methods, clip, zero-shot BibRef

Bonato, J.[Jacopo], Cotogni, M.[Marco], Sabetta, L.[Luigi],
Is Retain Set All You Need in Machine Unlearning? Restoring Performance of Unlearned Models with Out-of-distribution Images,
ECCV24(I: 1-19).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Sharifi, S.[Sina], Entesari, T.[Taha], Safaei, B.[Bardia], Patel, V.M.[Vishal M.], Fazlyab, M.[Mahyar],
Gradient-regularized Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(XIII: 459-478).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Aathreya, S.[Saandeep], Canavan, S.[Shaun],
FLOWCON: Out-of-distribution Detection Using Flow-based Contrastive Learning,
ECCV24(XVI: 192-209).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Hu, J.J.[Jin-Jing], Liu, W.R.[Wen-Rui], Chang, H.[Hong], Ma, B.P.[Bing-Peng], Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin],
An Information Theoretical View for Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(LV: 418-435).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Wallin, E.[Erik], Svensson, L.[Lennart], Kahl, F.[Fredrik], Hammarstrand, L.[Lars],
Prosub: Probabilistic Open-set Semi-supervised Learning with Subspace-based Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(LXI: 129-147).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Nguyen, B.[Bac], Uhlich, S.[Stefan], Cardinaux, F.[Fabien], Mauch, L.[Lukas], Edraki, M.[Marzieh], Courville, A.[Aaron],
Saft: Towards Out-of-distribution Generalization in Fine-tuning,
ECCV24(LXIX: 138-154).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Liu, X.X.[Xi-Xi], Zach, C.[Christopher],
Tag: Text Prompt Augmentation for Zero-shot Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(LXXIII: 364-380).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Galesso, S.[Silvio], Schröppel, P.[Philipp], Driss, H.[Hssan], Brox, T.[Thomas],
Diffusion for Out-of-distribution Detection on Road Scenes and Beyond,
ECCV24(LXXIV: 110-126).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Jung, Y.G.[Yoon Gyo], Park, J.[Jaewoo], Dong, X.[Xingbo], Park, H.[Hojin], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin], Camps, O.[Octavia],
Face Reconstruction Transfer Attack as Out-of-distribution Generalization,
ECCV24(LXXV: 396-413).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Zhang, Y.B.[Ya-Bin], Zhu, W.J.[Wen-Jie], He, C.H.[Chen-Hang], Zhang, L.[Lei],
LAPT: Label-driven Automated Prompt Tuning for OOD Detection with Vision-language Models,
ECCV24(LXXII: 271-288).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef

Le Bellier, G.[Georges], Audebert, N.[Nicolas],
Detecting Out-Of-Distribution Earth Observation Images with Diffusion Models,
EarthVision24(481-491)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Visualization, Tail, Diffusion models, Data models, Satellite images, remote sensing, out-of-distribution detection BibRef

Kaushik, P.[Prakhar], Kortylewski, A.[Adam], Yuille, A.L.[Alan L.],
A Bayesian Approach to OOD Robustness in Image Classification,
CVPR24(17459-17469)
IEEE DOI 2410
Dictionaries, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Robustness, Vectors, Bayes methods, unsupervised, domain adaptation, analysis-by-synthesis BibRef

Piao, Y.H.[Yin-Hua], Lee, S.[Sangseon], Lu, Y.X.[Yijing-Xiu], Kim, S.[Sun],
Improving Out-of-Distribution Generalization in Graphs via Hierarchical Semantic Environments,
CVPR24(27621-27630)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Attention mechanisms, Computational modeling, Semantics, Stochastic processes, Molecular Representation Learning BibRef

Song, Q.Y.[Qing-Yu], Lin, W.[Wei], Wang, J.C.[Jun-Cheng], Xu, H.[Hong],
Towards Robust Learning to Optimize with Theoretical Guarantees,
CVPR24(27488-27496)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Wireless communication, Sufficient conditions, Computational modeling, Mathematical models, Robustness, Out-of-distribution generalization BibRef

Regmi, S.[Sudarshan], Panthi, B.[Bibek], Ming, Y.F.[Yi-Fei], Gyawali, P.K.[Prashnna K], Stoyanov, D.[Danail], Bhattarai, B.[Binod],
ReweightOOD: Loss Reweighting for Distance-based OOD Detection,
FaDE-TCV24(131-141)
IEEE DOI 2410
Measurement, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Safety, Out-of-Distribution detection, Reweighted Loss BibRef

Regmi, S.[Sudarshan], Panthi, B.[Bibek], Dotel, S.[Sakar], Gyawali, P.K.[Prashnna K], Stoyanov, D.[Danail], Bhattarai, B.[Binod],
T2FNorm: Train-time Feature Normalization for OOD Detection in Image Classification,
FaDE-TCV24(153-162)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Measurement, Deep learning, Accuracy, Neural networks, Out-of-Distribution Detection, Normalization BibRef

Qutub, S.S.[Syed Sha], Paulitsch, M.[Michael], Scholl, K.U.[Kay-Ulrich], Cihangir, N.K.[Neslihan Kose], Hagn, K.[Korbinian], Oboril, F.[Fabian], Hinz, G.[Gereon], Knoll, A.[Alois],
Situation Monitor: Diversity-Driven Zero-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection using Budding Ensemble Architecture for Object Detection,
SAIAD24(3502-3511)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Adaptation models, Zero-shot learning, Computational modeling, Scalability, BEA BibRef

Hogeweg, L.E.[Laurens E.], Gangireddy, R.[Rajesh], Brunink, D.[Django], Kalkman, V.J.[Vincent J.], Cornelissen, L.[Ludo], Kamminga, J.W.[Jacob W.],
COOD: Combined out-of-distribution detection using multiple measures for anomaly & novel class detection in large-scale hierarchical classification,
VAND24(3971-3980)
IEEE DOI 2410
Image quality, Image recognition, Databases, Biological system modeling, Media, anomaly, novel class, image recognition BibRef

Choi, D.[Dasol], Na, D.B.[Dong-Bin],
DMR: Disentangling Marginal Representations for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
VAND24(4032-4041)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Source coding, Training data, Predictive models, Benchmark testing BibRef

Liao, C.[Christopher], Tsiligkaridis, T.[Theodoros], Kulis, B.[Brian],
Descriptor and Word Soups Q: Overcoming the Parameter Efficiency Accuracy Tradeoff for Out-of-Distribution Few-shot Learning,
CVPR24(27005-27015)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Accuracy, Codes, Memory management, Training data, Graphics processing units BibRef

Yuan, Y.[Yue], He, R.D.[Run-Dong], Dong, Y.C.[Yi-Cong], Han, Z.Y.[Zhong-Yi], Yin, Y.L.[Yi-Long],
Discriminability-Driven Channel Selection for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR24(26171-26180)
IEEE DOI 2410
Channel estimation, Estimation, Training data, Machine learning, Benchmark testing BibRef

Fan, K.[Ke], Liu, T.[Tong], Qiu, X.Y.[Xing-Yu], Wang, Y.K.[Yi-Kai], Huai, L.[Lian], Shangguan, Z.[Zeyu], Gou, S.[Shuang], Liu, F.J.[Feng-Jian], Fu, Y.Q.[Yu-Qian], Fu, Y.W.[Yan-Wei], Jiang, X.Q.[Xing-Qun],
Test-Time Linear Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR24(23752-23761)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Sufficient conditions, Neural networks, Linear regression, Feature extraction, Test-Time Adaptation BibRef

Humblot-Renaux, G.[Galadrielle], Escalera, S.[Sergio], Moeslund, T.B.[Thomas B.],
A Noisy Elephant in the Room: Is Your out-of-Distribution Detector Robust to Label Noise?,
CVPR24(22626-22636)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Noise, Detectors, Robustness, Out-of-distribution detection, Noisy labels, Image classification BibRef

Li, T.Q.[Tian-Qi], Pang, G.S.[Guan-Song], Bai, X.[Xiao], Miao, W.J.[Wen-Jun], Zheng, J.[Jin],
Learning Transferable Negative Prompts for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR24(17584-17594)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Learning systems, Codes, Computational modeling, Semantics, Lead BibRef

Xue, F.[Feng], He, Z.[Zi], Zhang, Y.[Yuan], Xie, C.L.[Chuan-Long], Li, Z.G.[Zhen-Guo], Tan, F.[Falong],
Enhancing the Power of OOD Detection via Sample-Aware Model Selection,
CVPR24(17148-17157)
IEEE DOI 2410
Computational modeling, Detectors, Benchmark testing, Classification algorithms BibRef

Bai, Y.C.[Yi-Chen], Han, Z.[Zongbo], Cao, B.[Bing], Jiang, X.H.[Xiao-Heng], Hu, Q.H.[Qing-Hua], Zhang, C.Q.[Chang-Qing],
ID-like Prompt Learning for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR24(17480-17489)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Training, Learning systems, Focusing, Feature extraction, Data models, Out-of-Distribution Detection, Few-Shot Prompt Learning BibRef

Xiao, Z.[Zehao], Shen, J.Y.[Jia-Yi], Derakhshani, M.M.[Mohammad Mahdi], Liao, S.C.[Sheng-Cai], Snoek, C.G.M.[Cees G. M.],
Any-Shift Prompting for Generalization Over Distributions,
CVPR24(13849-13860)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Learning systems, Costs, Probabilistic logic, Transformers, vision-language, out-of-distribution generalization BibRef

Yang, Y.W.[Yi-Wei], Liu, A.Z.[Anthony Z.], Wolfe, R.[Robert], Caliskan, A.[Aylin], Howe, B.[Bill],
Label-Efficient Group Robustness via Out-of-Distribution Concept Curation,
CVPR24(12426-12434)
IEEE DOI 2410
Training, Correlation, Accuracy, Training data, Minimization, Robustness BibRef

Tang, K.[Keke], Hou, C.[Chao], Peng, W.L.[Wei-Long], Chen, R.[Runnan], Zhu, P.[Peican], Wang, W.P.[Wen-Ping], Tian, Z.H.[Zhi-Hong],
CORES: Convolutional Response-based Score for Out-of-distribution Detection,
CVPR24(10916-10925)
IEEE DOI 2410
Backtracking, Correlation, Fitting, Artificial neural networks, Security BibRef

Zolfi, A.[Alon], Amit, G.[Guy], Baras, A.[Amit], Koda, S.[Satoru], Morikawa, I.[Ikuya], Elovici, Y.[Yuval], Shabtai, A.[Asaf],
YolOOD: Utilizing Object Detection Concepts for Multi-Label Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR24(5788-5797)
IEEE DOI 2410
YOLO, Computational modeling, Detectors, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Data models, out-of-distribution detection, multi-label classification BibRef

Baek, E.[Eunsu], Park, K.[Keondo], Kim, J.[Jiyoon], Kim, H.S.[Hyung-Sin],
Unexplored Faces of Robustness and Out-of-Distribution: Covariate Shifts in Environment and Sensor Domains,
CVPR24(22294-22303)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Prevention and mitigation, Perturbation methods, Digital images, Computational modeling, Benchmark testing, Cameras, Datasets, Out-of-Distribution BibRef

Krumpl, G.[Gerhard], Avenhaus, H.[Henning], Possegger, H.[Horst], Bischof, H.[Horst],
ATS: Adaptive Temperature Scaling for Enhancing Out-of-Distribution Detection Methods,
WACV24(3852-3861)
IEEE DOI 2404
Training, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Image recognition and understanding BibRef

Kirchheim, K.[Konstantin], Gonschorek, T.[Tim], Ortmeier, F.[Frank],
Out-of-Distribution Detection with Logical Reasoning,
WACV24(2111-2120)
IEEE DOI 2404
Training, Codes, Knowledge based systems, Knowledge representation, Machine learning, Cognition, Algorithms, Image recognition and understanding BibRef

Qiu, X.[Xinkuan], Kan, M.[Meina], Zhou, Y.B.[Yong-Bin], Bi, Y.C.[Yan-Chao], Shan, S.G.[Shi-Guang],
Shape-biased CNNs are Not Always Superior in Out-of-Distribution Robustness,
WACV24(2315-2324)
IEEE DOI 2404
Deep learning, Adaptation models, Head, Shape, Design methodology, Stars, Algorithms, Machine learning architectures, formulations, and algorithms BibRef

Mehta, N.[Nikhil], Liang, K.J.[Kevin J], Huang, J.[Jing], Chu, F.J.[Fu-Jen], Yin, L.[Li], Hassner, T.[Tal],
HyperMix: Out-of-Distribution Detection and Classification in Few-Shot Settings,
WACV24(2399-2409)
IEEE DOI 2404
Computational modeling, Machine learning, Data models, Task analysis, Standards, Algorithms BibRef

Noh, S.[SoonCheol], Jeong, D.[DongEon], Lee, J.H.[Jee-Hyong],
Simple and Effective Out-of-Distribution Detection via Cosine-based Softmax Loss,
ICCV23(16514-16523)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Zou, Y.[Yuli], Deng, W.J.[Wei-Jian], Zheng, L.[Liang],
Adaptive Calibrator Ensemble: Navigating Test Set Difficulty in Out-of-Distribution Scenarios,
ICCV23(19276-19285)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Guan, X.Y.[Xiao-Yuan], Liu, Z.[Zhouwu], Zheng, W.S.[Wei-Shi], Zhou, Y.[Yuren], Wang, R.X.[Rui-Xuan],
Revisit PCA-based technique for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICCV23(19374-19382)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Li, J.L.[Jing-Lun], Zhou, X.Y.[Xin-Yu], Guo, P.[Pinxue], Sun, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan], Huang, Y.W.[Yi-Wen], Ge, W.F.[Wei-Feng], Zhang, W.Q.[Wen-Qiang],
Hierarchical Visual Categories Modeling: A Joint Representation Learning and Density Estimation Framework for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICCV23(23368-23378)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Wilson, S.[Samuel], Fischer, T.[Tobias], Dayoub, F.[Feras], Miller, D.[Dimity], Sünderhauf, N.[Niko],
SAFE: Sensitivity-Aware Features for Out-of-Distribution Object Detection,
ICCV23(23508-23519)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Aguilar, E.[Eduardo], Raducanu, B.[Bogdan], Radeva, P.[Petia], van de Weijer, J.[Joost],
Continual Evidential Deep Learning for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
VCL23(3436-3446)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Ojaswee, Agarwal, A.[Akshay], Ratha, N.[Nalini],
Benchmarking Image Classifiers for Physical Out-of-Distribution Examples Detection,
OutDistri23(4429-4437)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Cultrera, L.[Luca], Seidenari, L.[Lorenzo], del Bimbo, A.[Alberto],
Leveraging Visual Attention for out-of-distribution Detection,
OutDistri23(4449-4458)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Galesso, S.[Silvio], Argus, M.[Max], Brox, T.[Thomas],
Far Away in the Deep Space: Dense Nearest-Neighbor-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection,
Uncertainty23(4479-4489)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Hammam, A.[Ahmed], Bonarens, F.[Frank], Ghobadi, S.E.[Seyed Eghabl], Stiller, C.[Christoph],
Identifying Out-of-Domain Objects with Dirichlet Deep Neural Networks,
Uncertainty23(4562-4571)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Averly, R.[Reza], Chao, W.L.[Wei-Lun],
Unified Out-Of-Distribution Detection: A Model-Specific Perspective,
ICCV23(1453-1463)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Park, J.[Jaewoo], Chai, J.C.L.[Jacky Chen Long], Yoon, J.[Jaeho], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin],
Understanding the Feature Norm for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICCV23(1557-1567)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Park, J.[Jaewoo], Jung, Y.G.[Yoon Gyo], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin],
Nearest Neighbor Guidance for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICCV23(1686-1695)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Mukhoti, J.[Jishnu], Lin, T.Y.[Tsung-Yu], Chen, B.C.[Bor-Chun], Shah, A.[Ashish], Torr, P.H.S.[Philip H.S.], Dokania, P.K.[Puneet K.], Lim, S.N.[Ser-Nam],
Raising the Bar on the Evaluation of Out-of-Distribution Detection,
OutDistri23(4367-4377)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Tomáš, V.[Vojíir], Šochman, J.[Jan], Aljundi, R.[Rahaf], Matas, J.[Jirí],
Calibrated Out-of-Distribution Detection with a Generic Representation,
Uncertainty23(4509-4518)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Martins, N.P.[Nuno Pimpão], Kalaidzidis, Y.[Yannis], Zerial, M.[Marino], Jug, F.[Florian],
DeepContrast: Deep Tissue Contrast Enhancement using Synthetic Data Degradations and OOD Model Predictions,
BioIm23(3830-3839)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Wu, A.[Aming], Chen, D.[Da], Deng, C.[Cheng],
Deep Feature Deblurring Diffusion for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Objects,
ICCV23(13335-13345)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Zhang, M.[Min], Yuan, J.[Junkun], He, Y.[Yue], Li, W.B.[Wen-Bin], Chen, Z.Y.[Zheng-Yu], Kuang, K.[Kun],
MAP: Towards Balanced Generalization of IID and OOD through Model-Agnostic Adapters,
ICCV23(11887-11897)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Chen, Y.[Yiye], Lin, Y.Z.[Yun-Zhi], Xu, R.N.[Rui-Nian], Vela, P.A.[Patricio A.],
WDiscOOD: Out-of-Distribution Detection via Whitened Linear Discriminant Analysis,
ICCV23(5275-5284)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Lu, L.L.[Lorenzo Li], d'Ascenzi, G.[Giulia], Borlino, F.C.[Francesco Cappio], Tommasi, T.[Tatiana],
Large Class Separation is Not What You Need for Relational Reasoning-Based OOD Detection,
CIAP23(II:295-306).
Springer DOI 2312
BibRef

Wu, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Dai, S.M.[Song-Min], Pan, D.Y.[Deng-Ye], Li, X.Q.[Xiao-Qiang],
OEST: Outlier Exposure by Simple Transformations for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICIP23(2170-2174)
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Tang, K.[Keke], Cai, X.J.[Xu-Jian], Peng, W.L.[Wei-Long], Li, S.D.[Shu-Dong], Wang, W.P.[Wen-Ping],
OOD Attack: Generating Overconfident out-of-Distribution Examples to Fool Deep Neural Classifiers,
ICIP23(1260-1264)
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Kang, D.[Dohee], Kang, S.[Somang], Kim, D.[Daeha], Song, B.C.[Byung Cheol],
Modality-Aware OOD Suppression Using Feature Discrepancy for Multi-Modal Emotion Recognition,
ICIP23(1035-1039)
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Yu, J.C.[Jun-Chi], Liang, J.[Jian], He, R.[Ran],
Mind the Label Shift of Augmentation-based Graph OOD Generalization,
CVPR23(11620-11630)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Li, T.[Tang], Qiao, F.C.[Feng-Chun], Ma, M.M.[Meng-Meng], Peng, X.[Xi],
Are Data-Driven Explanations Robust Against Out-of-Distribution Data?,
CVPR23(3821-3831)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Yu, R.[Runpeng], Liu, S.[Songhua], Yang, X.Y.[Xing-Yi], Wang, X.C.[Xin-Chao],
Distribution Shift Inversion for Out-of-Distribution Prediction,
CVPR23(3592-3602)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Zhang, Z.H.[Zi-Han], Xiang, X.[Xiang],
Decoupling MaxLogit for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR23(3388-3397)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Olber, B.[Bartlomiej], Radlak, K.[Krystian], Popowicz, A.[Adam], Szczepankiewicz, M.[Michal], Chachula, K.[Krystian],
Detection of Out-of-Distribution Samples Using Binary Neuron Activation Patterns,
CVPR23(3378-3387)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Liu, Q.H.[Qi-Hao], Kortylewski, A.[Adam], Yuille, A.L.[Alan L.],
PoseExaminer: Automated Testing of Out-of-Distribution Robustness in Human Pose and Shape Estimation,
CVPR23(672-681)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Choi, H.[Hyunjun], Jeong, H.[Hawook], Choi, J.Y.[Jin Young],
Balanced Energy Regularization Loss for Out-of-distribution Detection,
CVPR23(15691-15700)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Yu, Y.[Yeonguk], Shin, S.[Sungho], Lee, S.[Seongju], Jun, C.H.[Chang-Hyun], Lee, K.[Kyoobin],
Block Selection Method for Using Feature Norm in Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR23(15701-15711)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Ahn, Y.H.[Yong Hyun], Park, G.M.[Gyeong-Moon], Kim, S.T.[Seong Tae],
LINe: Out-of-Distribution Detection by Leveraging Important Neurons,
CVPR23(19852-19862)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yu], Qiao, P.C.[Peng-Chong], Liu, C.[Chang], Song, G.[Guoli], Zheng, X.[Xiawu], Chen, J.[Jie],
Out-of-Distributed Semantic Pruning for Robust Semi-Supervised Learning,
CVPR23(23849-23858)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Liu, X.X.[Xi-Xi], Lochman, Y.[Yaroslava], Zach, C.[Christopher],
GEN: Pushing the Limits of Softmax-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR23(23946-23955)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Chali, S.[Samy], Kucher, I.[Inna], Duranton, M.[Marc], Klein, J.O.[Jacques-Olivier],
Improving Normalizing Flows with the Approximate Mass for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
GCV23(750-758)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Graham, M.S.[Mark S.], Pinaya, W.H.L.[Walter H. L.], Tudosiu, P.D.[Petru-Daniel], Nachev, P.[Parashkev], Ourselin, S.[Sebastien], Cardoso, M.J.[M. Jorge],
Denoising diffusion models for out-of-distribution detection,
VAND23(2948-2957)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Humblot-Renaux, G.[Galadrielle], Escalera, S.[Sergio], Moeslund, T.B.[Thomas B.],
Beyond AUROC and co. for evaluating out-of-distribution detection performance,
SAIAD23(3881-3890)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Maag, K.[Kira], Chan, R.[Robin], Uhlemeyer, S.[Svenja], Kowol, K.[Kamil], Gottschalk, H.[Hanno],
Two Video Data Sets for Tracking and Retrieval of Out of Distribution Objects,
ACCV22(V:476-494).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Cohen, N.[Niv], Abutbul, R.[Ron], Hoshen, Y.[Yedid],
Out-of-distribution Detection Without Class Labels,
LLID22(101-117).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Galesso, S.[Silvio], Bravo, M.A.[Maria Alejandra], Naouar, M.[Mehdi], Brox, T.[Thomas],
Probing Contextual Diversity for Dense Out-of-Distribution Detection,
SafeDrive22(492-509).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Zhang, X.X.[Xing-Xuan], He, Y.[Yue], Wang, T.[Tan], Qi, J.X.[Jia-Xin], Yu, H.[Han], Wang, Z.[Zimu], Peng, J.[Jie], Xu, R.Z.[Ren-Zhe], Shen, Z.[Zheyan], Niu, Y.[Yulei], Zhang, H.W.[Han-Wang], Cui, P.[Peng],
Nico Challenge: Out-of-distribution Generalization for Image Recognition Challenges,
CiV22(433-450).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Liu, H.Z.[Hao-Zhe], Zhang, W.T.[Wen-Tian], Xie, J.H.[Jin-Heng], Wu, H.Q.[Hao-Qian], Li, B.[Bing], Zhang, Z.Q.[Zi-Qi], Li, Y.X.[Yue-Xiang], Huang, Y.W.[Ya-Wen], Ghanem, B.[Bernard], Zheng, Y.F.[Ye-Feng],
Decoupled Mixup for Out-of-distribution Visual Recognition,
CiV22(451-464).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Chen, Z.N.[Zi-Ning], Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiu], Zhao, Z.C.[Zhi-Cheng], Men, A.[Aidong], Chen, H.[Hong],
Bag of Tricks for Out-of-distribution Generalization,
CiV22(465-476).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Wang, J.H.[Jia-Hao], Wang, H.[Hao], Dong, Z.J.[Zhuo-Jun], Yang, H.[Hua], Yang, Y.T.[Yu-Ting], Bao, Q.Y.[Qian-Yue], Liu, F.[Fang], Jiao, L.C.[Li-Cheng],
A Three-stage Model Fusion Method for Out-of-distribution Generalization,
CiV22(488-499).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Wang, Y.Q.[Yu-Qing], Li, X.X.[Xiang-Xian], Qi, Z.[Zhuang], Li, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Li, X.L.[Xue-Long], Meng, X.X.[Xiang-Xu], Meng, L.[Lei],
Meta-causal Feature Learning for Out-of-distribution Generalization,
CiV22(530-545).
Springer DOI 2304
BibRef

Zhang, J.Y.[Jing-Yang], Inkawhich, N.[Nathan], Linderman, R.[Randolph], Chen, Y.R.[Yi-Ran], Li, H.[Hai],
Mixture Outlier Exposure: Towards Out-of-Distribution Detection in Fine-grained Environments,
WACV23(5520-5529)
IEEE DOI 2302
Training, Image recognition, Codes, Detectors, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, ethical computer vision BibRef

Osada, G.[Genki], Takahashi, T.[Tsubasa], Ahsan, B.[Budrul], Nishide, T.[Takashi],
Out-of-Distribution Detection with Reconstruction Error and Typicality-based Penalty,
WACV23(5540-5552)
IEEE DOI 2302
Manifolds, Measurement uncertainty, Noise measurement, Reliability, Task analysis, Image reconstruction, adversarial attack and defense methods BibRef

Cai, M.[Mu], Li, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan],
Out-of-distribution Detection via Frequency-regularized Generative Models,
WACV23(5510-5519)
IEEE DOI 2302
Training, Uncertainty, Image synthesis, Measurement uncertainty, Estimation, Particle measurements, Algorithms: Explainable, fair, image and video synthesis BibRef

Wilson, S.[Samuel], Fischer, T.[Tobias], Sünderhauf, N.[Niko], Dayoub, F.[Feras],
Hyperdimensional Feature Fusion for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV23(2643-2653)
IEEE DOI 2302
Visualization, Sensitivity, Neural networks, Detectors, Feature extraction, Computational efficiency, segmentation) BibRef

Hornauer, J.[Julia], Belagiannis, V.[Vasileios],
Heatmap-based Out-of-Distribution Detection,
WACV23(2602-2611)
IEEE DOI 2302
Heating systems, Visualization, Technological innovation, Codes, Neural networks, Decoding, Algorithms: Explainable, fair, ethical computer vision BibRef

Cho, J.[Jeongik], Krzyzak, A.[Adam],
Self-supervised Out-of-Distribution Detection with Dynamic Latent Scale GAN,
SSSPR22(113-121).
Springer DOI 2301
BibRef

Fan, J.W.[Jia-Wei], Ou, Z.H.[Zhong-Hong], Yu, X.[Xie], Yang, J.W.[Jun-Wei], Wang, S.[Shigeng], Kang, X.Y.[Xiao-Yang], Zhang, H.X.[Hong-Xing], Song, M.[Meina],
Episodic Projection Network for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Few-shot Learning,
ICPR22(3076-3082)
IEEE DOI 2212
Semantic segmentation, Perturbation methods, Neural networks, Object detection, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms BibRef

Sun, Y.Y.[Yi-You], Li, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan],
DICE: Leveraging Sparsification for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ECCV22(XXIV:691-708).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Pei, S.[Sen], Zhang, X.[Xin], Fan, B.[Bin], Meng, G.F.[Gao-Feng],
Out-of-distribution Detection with Boundary Aware Learning,
ECCV22(XXIV:235-251).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Qi, J.X.[Jia-Xin], Tang, K.[Kaihua], Sun, Q.[Qianru], Hua, X.S.[Xian-Sheng], Zhang, H.W.[Han-Wang],
Class Is Invariant to Context and Vice Versa: On Learning Invariance for Out-Of-Distribution Generalization,
ECCV22(XXV:92-109).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Doorenbos, L.[Lars], Sznitman, R.[Raphael], Márquez-Neila, P.[Pablo],
Learning Non-Linear Invariants for Unsupervised Out-of-distribution Detection,
ECCV24(LII: 310-327).
Springer DOI 2412
BibRef
Earlier:
Data Invariants to Understand Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ECCV22(XXXI:133-150).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Albert, P.[Paul], Arazo, E.[Eric], O'Connor, N.E.[Noel E.], McGuinness, K.[Kevin],
Embedding Contrastive Unsupervised Features to Cluster In- And Out-of-Distribution Noise in Corrupted Image Datasets,
ECCV22(XXXI:402-419).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Ossonce, M.[Maxime], Alberge, F.[Florence], Duhamel, P.[Pierre],
Joint Classification and out-of-Distribution Detection Based on Structured Latent Space of Variational Auto-Encoders,
ICIP22(1201-1205)
IEEE DOI 2211
Training, Deep learning, Neural networks, Generative adversarial networks, Robustness, Object recognition, Variational auto-encoder BibRef

Benkert, R.[Ryan], Prabhushankar, M.[Mohit], Al Regib, G.[Ghassan],
Forgetful Active Learning with Switch Events: Efficient Sampling for Out-of-Distribution Data,
ICIP22(2196-2200)
IEEE DOI 2211
Training, Protocols, Annotations, Neural networks, Switches, Benchmark testing, Active Learning, Forgetting Events, Out-of-Distribution BibRef

Boonlia, H.[Harshita], Dam, T.[Tanmoy], Ferdaus, M.M.[Md Meftahul], Anavatti, S.G.[Sreenatha G.], Mullick, A.[Ankan],
Improving Self-Supervised Learning for Out-Of-Distribution Task via Auxiliary Classifier,
ICIP22(3036-3040)
IEEE DOI 2211
Training, Head, Codes, Semantics, Self-supervised learning, Multitasking, out of distribution, self-supervised learning, auxiliary classifier BibRef

Mukai, K.[Koki], Kumano, S.[Soichiro], Yamasaki, T.[Toshihiko],
Improving Robustness to out-of-Distribution Data by Frequency-Based Augmentation,
ICIP22(3116-3120)
IEEE DOI 2211
Image recognition, Training data, Receivers, Robustness, Data models, Convolutional neural networks, neural network, data augmentation BibRef

Li, R.[Ruoqi], Zhang, C.Y.[Chong-Yang], Zhou, H.[Hao], Shi, C.[Chao], Luo, Y.[Yan],
Out-of-Distribution Identification: Let Detector Tell Which I Am Not Sure,
ECCV22(X:638-654).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Ndiour, I.J.[Ibrahima J.], Ahuja, N.A.[Nilesh A.], Tickoo, O.[Omesh],
Subspace Modeling for Fast Out-Of-Distribution and Anomaly Detection,
ICIP22(3041-3045)
IEEE DOI 2211
Dimensionality reduction, Deep learning, Uncertainty, Semantics, Neural networks, Memory management, Feature extraction, subspace modeling BibRef

Wang, H.Q.[Hao-Qi], Li, Z.Z.[Zhi-Zhong], Feng, L.[Litong], Zhang, W.[Wayne],
ViM: Out-Of-Distribution with Virtual-Logit Matching,
CVPR22(4911-4920)
IEEE DOI 2210
Codes, Computational modeling, Benchmark testing, Transformers, Feature extraction, Self- semi- meta- unsupervised learning BibRef

Zhou, Y.[Yibo],
Rethinking Reconstruction Autoencoder-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR22(7369-7377)
IEEE DOI 2210
Measurement, Uncertainty, Semantics, Pipelines, Training data, Detectors, Others, Recognition: detection, categorization, Self- semi- meta- unsupervised learning BibRef

Dong, X.[Xin], Guo, J.F.[Jun-Feng], Li, A.[Ang], Ting, W.T.[Wei-Te], Liu, C.[Cong], Kung, H.T.,
Neural Mean Discrepancy for Efficient Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR22(19195-19205)
IEEE DOI 2210
Training, Measurement, Computational modeling, Training data, Detectors, Data models, Transfer/low-shot/long-tail learning BibRef

Khalid, U.[Umar], Esmaeili, A.[Ashkan], Karim, N.[Nazmul], Rahnavard, N.[Nazanin],
RODD: A Self-Supervised Approach for Robust Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ArtOfRobust22(163-170)
IEEE DOI 2210
Representation learning, Training, Deep learning, Gaussian noise, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Data models BibRef

Guarrera, M.[Matteo], Jin, B.[Baihong], Lin, T.W.[Tung-Wei], Zuluaga, M.A.[Maria A.], Chen, Y.X.[Yu-Xin], Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.[Alberto],
Class-wise Thresholding for Robust Out-of-Distribution Detection,
FaDE-TCV22(2836-2845)
IEEE DOI 2210
Training, Deep learning, Neural networks, Training data, Detectors BibRef

Cao, S.Q.[Sen-Qi], Zhang, Z.F.[Zhong-Fei],
Deep Hybrid Models for Out-of-Distribution Detection,
CVPR22(4723-4733)
IEEE DOI 2210
Deep learning, Training, Uncertainty, Statistical analysis, Computational modeling, Training data, Statistical methods BibRef

Wang, R.Y.[Ruo-Yu], Yi, M.Y.[Ming-Yang], Chen, Z.T.[Zhi-Tang], Zhu, S.Y.[Sheng-Yu],
Out-of-distribution Generalization with Causal Invariant Transformations,
CVPR22(375-385)
IEEE DOI 2210
Training, Machine learning algorithms, Statistical analysis, Training data, Machine learning, Data models, Statistical methods, Machine learning BibRef

Diers, J.[Jan], Pigorsch, C.[Christian],
Out-of-Distribution Detection Using Outlier Detection Methods,
CIAP22(III:15-26).
Springer DOI 2205
BibRef

Chan, R.[Robin], Rottmann, M.[Matthias], Gottschalk, H.[Hanno],
Entropy Maximization and Meta Classification for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Semantic Segmentation,
ICCV21(5108-5117)
IEEE DOI 2203
Training, Measurement, Deep learning, Image segmentation, System performance, Semantics, Neural networks, Vision for robotics and autonomous vehicles BibRef

Yang, J.K.[Jing-Kang], Wang, H.Q.[Hao-Qi], Feng, L.T.[Li-Tong], Yan, X.P.[Xiao-Peng], Zheng, H.[Huabin], Zhang, W.[Wayne], Liu, Z.W.[Zi-Wei],
Semantically Coherent Out-of-Distribution Detection,
ICCV21(8281-8289)
IEEE DOI 2203
Degradation, Limiting, Soft sensors, Semantics, Pipelines, Dogs, Benchmark testing, Recognition and classification BibRef

Bai, H.Y.[Hao-Yue], Zhou, F.W.[Feng-Wei], Hong, L.Q.[Lan-Qing], Ye, N.Y.[Nan-Yang], Chan, S.-.H.G.[S.-H. Gary], Li, Z.G.[Zhen-Guo],
NAS-OoD: Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
ICCV21(8300-8309)
IEEE DOI 2203
Training, Industries, Error analysis, Training data, Network architecture, Generators, Visual reasoning and logical representation BibRef

Hendrycks, D.[Dan], Basart, S.[Steven], Mu, N.[Norman], Kadavath, S.[Saurav], Wang, F.[Frank], Dorundo, E.[Evan], Desai, R.[Rahul], Zhu, T.[Tyler], Parajuli, S.[Samyak], Guo, M.[Mike], Song, D.[Dawn], Steinhardt, J.[Jacob], Gilmer, J.[Justin],
The Many Faces of Robustness: A Critical Analysis of Out-of-Distribution Generalization,
ICCV21(8320-8329)
IEEE DOI 2203
Degradation, Computational modeling, Benchmark testing, Gain measurement, Robustness, Recognition and classification BibRef

Besnier, V.[Victor], Bursuc, A.[Andrei], Picard, D.[David], Briot, A.[Alexandre],
Triggering Failures: Out-Of-Distribution detection by learning from local adversarial attacks in Semantic Segmentation,
ICCV21(15681-15690)
IEEE DOI 2203
Training, Image segmentation, Semantics, Training data, Focusing, Detectors, Vision for robotics and autonomous vehicles, grouping and shape BibRef

Tang, K.[Keke], Miao, D.[Dingruibo], Peng, W.L.[Wei-Long], Wu, J.P.[Jian-Peng], Shi, Y.W.[Ya-Wen], Gu, Z.Q.[Zhao-Quan], Tian, Z.H.[Zhi-Hong], Wang, W.P.[Wen-Ping],
CODEs: Chamfer Out-of-Distribution Examples against Overconfidence Issue,
ICCV21(1133-1142)
IEEE DOI 2203
Training, Deep learning, Codes, Neural networks, Training data, Generative adversarial networks, Explainable AI, BibRef

Albert, P.[Paul], Ortego, D.[Diego], Arazo, E.[Eric], O'Connor, N.E.[Noel E.], McGuinness, K.[Kevin],
Addressing out-of-distribution label noise in webly-labelled data,
WACV22(2393-2402)
IEEE DOI 2202
Training, Visualization, Heuristic algorithms, Buildings, Neural networks, Search engines, Noise robustness, Deep Learning Image classification on web crawled datasets BibRef

Vendramini, M.[Marcos], Oliveira, H.[Hugo], Machado, A.[Alexei], dos Santos, J.A.[Jefersson A.],
Opening Deep Neural Networks With Generative Models,
ICIP21(1314-1318)
IEEE DOI 2201
Deep learning, Training, Visualization, Protocols, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Out-of-Distribution Detection BibRef

Zaeemzadeh, A.[Alireza], Bisagno, N.[Niccolò], Sambugaro, Z.[Zeno], Conci, N.[Nicola], Rahnavard, N.[Nazanin], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Out-of-Distribution Detection Using Union of 1-Dimensional Subspaces,
CVPR21(9447-9456)
IEEE DOI 2111
Deep learning, Training, Measurement, Training data, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction BibRef

Lin, Z.Q.[Zi-Qian], Roy, S.D.[Sreya Dutta], Li, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan],
MOOD: Multi-level Out-of-distribution Detection,
CVPR21(15308-15318)
IEEE DOI 2111
Mood, Complexity theory, Computational efficiency BibRef

Huang, R.[Rui], Li, Y.X.[Yi-Xuan],
MOS: Towards Scaling Out-of-distribution Detection for Large Semantic Space,
CVPR21(8706-8715)
IEEE DOI 2111
Bridges, Image resolution, Semantics, Machine learning, Benchmark testing BibRef

Zhang, X.X.[Xing-Xuan], Cui, P.[Peng], Xu, R.Z.[Ren-Zhe], Zhou, L.J.[Lin-Jun], He, Y.[Yue], Shen, Z.[Zheyan],
Deep Stable Learning for Out-Of-Distribution Generalization,
CVPR21(5368-5378)
IEEE DOI 2111
Training, Deep learning, Correlation, Computational modeling, Training data, Benchmark testing BibRef

Begon, J.M.[Jean-Michel], Geurts, P.[Pierre],
Sample-free white-box out-of-distribution detection for deep learning,
TCV21(3285-3294)
IEEE DOI 2109
Deep learning, Filtering, Computational modeling, Data models BibRef

Möller, F.[Felix], Botache, D.[Diego], Huseljic, D.[Denis], Heidecker, F.[Florian], Bieshaar, M.[Maarten], Sick, B.[Bernhard],
Out-of-distribution Detection and Generation using Soft Brownian Offset Sampling and Autoencoders,
SAIAD21(46-55)
IEEE DOI 2109
Training, Deep learning, Time series analysis, Neural networks, Transforms, Prediction algorithms, Trajectory BibRef

Marson, L.[Luca], Li, V.[Vladimir], Maki, A.[Atsuto],
Boundary Optimised Samples Training for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Images,
ICPR21(10486-10492)
IEEE DOI 2105
Training, Measurement, Toy manufacturing industry, Training data, Data visualization, Benchmark testing, Propagation losses BibRef

Chen, X.Y.[Xing-Yu], Lan, X.G.[Xu-Guang], Sun, F.C.[Fu-Chun], Zheng, N.N.[Nan-Ning],
A Boundary Based Out-of-Distribution Classifier for Generalized Zero-shot Learning,
ECCV20(XXIV:572-588).
Springer DOI 2012
BibRef

Zisselman, E.[Ev], Tamar, A.[Aviv],
Deep Residual Flow for Out of Distribution Detection,
CVPR20(13991-14000)
IEEE DOI 2008
detecting out-of-distribution examples. Gaussian distribution, Neural networks, Data models, Training, Jacobian matrices, Maximum likelihood detection BibRef

Mundt, M., Pliushch, I., Majumder, S., Ramesh, V.,
Open Set Recognition Through Deep Neural Network Uncertainty: Does Out-of-Distribution Detection Require Generative Classifiers?,
SDL-CV19(753-757)
IEEE DOI 2004
Bayes methods, image classification, neural nets, object detection, statistical analysis, statistical distributions, out of distribution detection BibRef

Techapanurak, E.[Engkarat], Suganuma, M.[Masanori], Okatani, T.[Takayuki],
Hyperparameter-free Out-of-distribution Detection Using Cosine Similarity,
ACCV20(IV:53-69).
Springer DOI 2103
BibRef

Hsu, Y., Shen, Y., Jin, H., Kira, Z.,
Generalized ODIN: Detecting Out-of-Distribution Image Without Learning From Out-of-Distribution Data,
CVPR20(10948-10957)
IEEE DOI 2008
Neural networks, Semantics, Training, Tuning, Data preprocessing, Predictive models, Pins BibRef

Kwon, G.[Gukyeong], Prabhushankar, M.[Mohit], Temel, D.[Dogancan], Al Regib, G.[Ghassan],
Distorted Representation Space Characterization Through Backpropagated Gradients,
ICIP19(2651-2655)
IEEE DOI 1910
Gradients, Representation Learning, Out-of-distribution, Image Quality Assessment, Autoencoder BibRef

Yu, Q.[Qing], Aizawa, K.[Kiyoharu],
Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution Detection by Maximum Classifier Discrepancy,
ICCV19(9517-9525)
IEEE DOI 2004
Using 2 networks -- when is input reasonable. convolutional neural nets, feature extraction, learning (artificial intelligence), pattern classification BibRef

Vyas, A.[Apoorv], Jammalamadaka, N.[Nataraj], Zhu, X.[Xia], Das, D.[Dipankar], Kaul, B.[Bharat], Willke, T.L.[Theodore L.],
Out-of-Distribution Detection Using an Ensemble of Self Supervised Leave-Out Classifiers,
ECCV18(VIII: 560-574).
Springer DOI 1810
BibRef

Chapter on Pattern Recognition, Clustering, Statistics, Grammars, Learning, Neural Nets, Genetic Algorithms continues in
Outlier Rejection, Outlier Removal .


Last update:Sep 21, 2026 at 18:29:27