21.2.2.1 Face Recognition and Using Models

Nakamura, O., Mathur, S., Minami, T.,
Identification of Human Faces Based on Isodensity Maps,
PR(24), No. 3, 1991, pp. 263-272.
WWW Version. BibRef 9100

Wurtz, R.P.,
Object Recognition Robust Under Translations, Deformations, and Changes in Background,
PAMI(19), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 769-775.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 9708
Gabor pyramid matching of points on face image and a model. See also Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture. BibRef

Wiskott, L.[Laurenz],
Phantom Faces for Face Analysis,
PR(30), No. 6, June 1997, pp. 837-846.
WWW Version. 9706
BibRef
And: ICIP97(III: 308-311).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
And: CAIP97(480-487).
WWW Version. 9709
Gabor Wavelets. Images of faces are represented as graphs and matched by an elastic graph matching procedure
HTML Version. And
Postscript Version. BibRef

Wiskott, L.[Laurenz],
Labeled Graphs and Dynamic Link Matching for Face Recognition and Scene Analysis,
Reihe Physik(53), Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun - Frankfurt am Main, 1995.
HTML Version. BibRef 9500

Wiskott, L.[Laurenz], von der Malsburg, C.[Christoph],
Labeled bunch graphs for image analysis,
US_Patent6,222,939, Apr 24, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0104
And: US_Patent6,356,659, Mar 12, 2002
WWW Version. BibRef
And: US_Patent6,563,950, May 13, 2003
WWW Version. BibRef

Hayes, Jr., C.D.[Carl Douglas], Hayes, L.J.[Lucy Johnson], Johnson, L.Y.[Laura Yelder],
System and method for creating a digitized likeness of persons,
US_Patent5,960,099, Sep 28, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9909

Ptzsch, M.[Michael], Krger, N.[Norbert], von der Malsburg, C.[Christoph],
Procedure for automatic analysis of images and image sequences based on two-dimensional shape primitives,
US_Patent6,466,695, Oct 15, 2002
WWW Version. BibRef 0210

Wiskott, L.[Laurenz], Fellous, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Krüger, N.[Norbert], von der Malsburg, C.[Christoph],
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching,
PAMI(19), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 775-779.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 9708
BibRef
And: CAIP97(456-463).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef
And: ICIP97(I: 129-132).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
Earlier: TRCNL, Salk Institute, San Diego. Abstract:
HTML Version. USA/CA-site:
Postscript Version. Germany:
Postscript Version. See also Algorithm for the Learning of Weights in Discrimination Functions Using a Priori Constraints, An. One of 2 algorithms that achieved goals of minimally constrained matching in the Feret tests. BibRef

Wiskott, L.[Laurenz],
The role of topographical constraints in face recognition,
PRL(20), No. 1, January 1999, pp. 89-96. BibRef 9901

Duc, B., Fischer, S., Bigün, J.,
Face Authentication with Gabor Information on Deformable Graphs,
IP(8), No. 4, April 1999, pp. 504-516.
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9904

Craw, I., Costen, N.P., Kato, T., Akamatsu, S.,
How Should We Represent Faces for Automatic Recognition?,
PAMI(21), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 725-736.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. PCA fits the results here. BibRef 9908

Costen, N.P., Craw, I., Robertson, G., Akamatsu, S.,
Automatic Face Recognition: What Representation?,
ECCV96(I:504-513).
Springer DOI Link Eigenface coding with manually coded landmarks wi more effective than correctly shaped faces. BibRef 9600

Craw, I.[Ian], Cameron, P.[Peter],
Face Recognition by Computer,
BMVC92(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9209
BibRef
Earlier:
Parameterising Images for Recognition and Reconstruction,
BMVC91(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9109
PCA for faces BibRef

Costen, N.P., Craw, I., Kato, T., Robertson, G., Akamatsu, S.,
Manifold caricatures: on the psychological consistency of computer face recognition,
AFGR96(4-9).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

Kotropoulos, C., Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Frontal Face Authentication Using Morphological Elastic Graph Matching,
IP(9), No. 4, April 2000, pp. 555-560.
IEEE DOI Link 0004
BibRef

Kotropoulos, C., Tefas, A., Pitas, I.,
Morphological elastic graph matching applied to frontal face authentication under well-controlled and real conditions,
PR(33), No. 12, December 2000, pp. 1935-1947.
WWW Version. 0008
BibRef

Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Kotropoulos, C.[Constantine], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Face verification using elastic graph matching based on morphological signal decomposition,
SP(82), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 833-851.
HTML Version. 0206
BibRef
Earlier:
Variants of Dynamic Link Architecture Based on Mathematical Morphology for Frontal Face Authentication,
CVPR98(814-819).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef
Earlier:
Face Verification based on Morphological Shape Decomposition,
AFGR98(36-41).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
Frontal face authentication using variants of dynamic link matching based on mathematical morphology,
ICIP98(I: 122-126).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
See also Morphological Shape Decomposition. BibRef

Zafeiriou, S.[Stefanos], Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
The discriminant elastic graph matching algorithm applied to frontal face verification,
PR(40), No. 10, October 2007, pp. 2798-2810.
WWW Version. 0707
Elastic graph matching; Discriminant analysis; Frontal face verification BibRef

Zafeiriou, S., Pitas, I.,
Discriminant Graph Structures for Facial Expression Recognition,
MultMed(10), No. 8, December 2008, pp. 1528-1540.
IEEE DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Stamou, G.N., Nikolaidis, N., Pitas, I.,
Object Tracking Based on Morphological Elastic Graph Matching,
ICIP05(I: 709-712).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Kotropoulos, C.[Constantine], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Performance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication,
PAMI(23), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 735-746.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 0108
BibRef
Earlier:
Using Support Vector Machines for Face Authentication Based on Elastic Graph Matching,
ICIP00(Vol I: 29-32).
IEEE Abstract. 0008
BibRef

Zafeiriou, S., Tefas, A., Pitas, I.,
Exploiting Discriminant Information in Elastic Graph Matching,
ICIP05(III: 768-771).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Kyperountas, M.[Marios], Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Dynamic training using multistage clustering for face recognition,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 894-905.
WWW Version. 0711
BibRef
And:
Face recognition via adaptive discriminant clustering,
ICIP08(2744-2747).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Verification using Locally Linear Discriminant Models,
ICIP07(IV: 469-472).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
Face recognition; Dynamic training; Multilevel clustering; Discriminant analysis See also Salient feature and reliable classifier selection for facial expression classification. BibRef

Goudelis, G.[Georgios], Zafeiriou, S.[Stefanos], Tefas, A.[Anastasios], Nikolaidis, N.[Nikos], Pitas, I.[Ioannis],
Motivating class-specific nonlinear projections for single and multiple view face verification,
ICIP08(2752-2755).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A5, Only:
A Novel Kernel Discriminant Analysis for Face Verification,
ICIP07(IV: 493-496).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Ramasubramanian, D., Venkatesh, Y.V.,
Encoding and recognition of faces based on the human visual model and DCT,
PR(34), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 2447-2458.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef

Ping, Z.[Zhang], Lihui, C.[Chen],
Document filters using morphological and geometrical features of characters,
IVC(19), No. 12, October 2001, pp. 847-855.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef

Gao, Y.S.[Yong-Sheng], Leung, M.K.H.[Maylor K.H.],
Face Recognition Using Line Edge Map,
PAMI(24), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 764-779.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 0206
Code the face with a line image (linked edges). Also has a line segment distance measure. BibRef

Hwang, B.W.[Bon-Woo], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Reconstruction of partially damaged face images based on a morphable face model,
PAMI(25), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 365-372.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 0301
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Reconstruction from Partial Information Based on a Morphable Face Model,
BMCV02(501 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef
And:
Face reconstruction with a morphable face model,
ICPR02(II: 366-369).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
Damaged in the title really means partially obscured or incomplete. Model face by linear combination of shape and texture computed from undamaged regions only. Estimate optimal coefficients. BibRef

Liu, Y.X.[Yan-Xi], Schmidt, K.L.[Karen L.], Cohn, J.F.[Jeffrey F.], Mitra, S.[Sinjini],
Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification,
CVIU(91), No. 1-2, July-August 2003, pp. 138-159.
WWW Version. 0309
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, Different A4: Weaver, R.L., AFGR02(198-204).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version.
HTML Version. 0206
BibRef

Mitra, S.[Sinjini], Savvides, M.[Marios], Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.,
Facial Asymmetry: A New Robust Biometric in the Frequency Domain,
ICIAR05(1065-1072).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef
And:
A One Bit Facial Asymmetry Code (FAC) in Fourier Domain for Human Recognition,
AVBPA05(61).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Mitra, S.[Sinjini], Savvides, M.[Marios],
Using Feature Combination and Statistical Resampling for Accurate Face Recognition Based on Frequency Domain Representation of Facial Asymmetry,
FGR06(31-36).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Liu, Y., Weaver, R.L., Schmidt, K.L., Serban, N., Cohn, J.F.,
Facial Asymmetry: A New Biometric,
CMU-RI-TR-01-23, August, 2001.
PDF Version.
Postscript Version. 0205
BibRef

Mitra, S., Liu, Y.X.[Yan-Xi],
Local facial asymmetry for expression classification,
CVPR04(II: 889-894).
IEEE Abstract. 0408
BibRef

Liu, Y., Mitra, S.,
Human Identification versus Expression Classification via Bagging on Facial Asymmetry,
CMU-RI-TR-03-08, April, 2003.
HTML Version. 0306
BibRef

Vetter, T.,
Synthesis of Novel Views from a Single Face Image,
IJCV(28), No. 2, June/July 1998, pp. 103-116.
WWW Version. Face Analysis. 9808
BibRef
Earlier:
Learning novel views to a single face image,
AFGR96(22-27).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

Vetter, T.,
Learning the Appearance of Faces: A Morphable Model for the Analysis and Synthesis of Images,
RATFG99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Vetter, T., Troje, N.F.,
Separation of Texture and Shape in Images of Faces for Image-Coding and Synthesis,
JOSA-A(14), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 2152-2161. 9709
BibRef

Vetter, T., Poggio, T.,
Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis from a Single Example Image,
PAMI(19), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 733-742.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. 9708
BibRef
Earlier: MIT AI Memo-1531, 1995.
WWW Version. BibRef
And:
Image Synthesis from a Single Example Image,
ECCV96(I:652-659).
Springer DOI Link BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Recognition and Structure from one 2D Model View: Observations on Prototypes, Object Classes and Symmetries,
MIT AI Memo-1347, 1992.
WWW Version. Generation of realistic images from different viewpoints given only one input image. BibRef

Blanz, V.[Volker], Vetter, T.[Thomas],
Face recognition based on fitting a 3D morphable model,
PAMI(25), No. 9, September 2003, pp. 1063-1074.
IEEE Abstract. 0309
BibRef
Earlier:
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3-D Faces,
SIGGraph-99(187-194). BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Estimating Coloured 3-D Face Models from Single Images: An Example-Based Approach,
ECCV98(II: 499).
WWW Version. Simulate image formation process, estimage 3D shape and texture. Fit a morphable model of 3D faces to the image. BibRef

Blanz, V.[Volker], Vetter, T.[Thomas],
Method and apparatus for the processing of images,
US_Patent6,556,196, Apr 29, 2003
WWW Version. BibRef 0304

Blanz, V.[Volker], Scherbaum, K.[Kristina], Seidel, H.P.[Hans-Peter],
Fitting a Morphable Model to 3D Scans of Faces,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Blanz, V.[Volker],
Face Recognition based on a 3D Morphable Model,
FGR06(617-624).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Paysan, P.[Pascal], Knothe, R.[Reinhard], Amberg, B.[Brian], Romdhani, S.[Sami], Vetter, T.[Thomas],
A 3D Face Model for Pose and Illumination Invariant Face Recognition,
AVSBS09(296-301).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Basso, C., Paysan, P., Vetter, T.,
Registration of Expressions Data using a 3D Morphable Model,
FGR06(205-210).
IEEE DOI Link 0604
BibRef

Basso, C., Vetter, T., Blanz, V.,
Regularized 3D morphable models,
HLK03(3-10).
IEEE Abstract. 0402
BibRef

Romdhani, S., Ho, J., Vetter, T., Kriegman, D.J.,
Face Recognition Using 3-D Models: Pose and Illumination,
PIEEE(94), No. 11, November 2006, pp. 1977-1999.
IEEE DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Blanz, V., Romdhani, S., Vetter, T.,
Face identification across different poses and illuminations with a 3D morphable model,
AFGR02(192-197).
IEEE DOI Link 0206
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
Face Identification by Fitting a 3D Morphable Model Using Linear Shape and Texture Error Functions,
ECCV02(IV: 3 ff.).
HTML Version. 0205
BibRef

Amberg, B.[Brian], Knothe, R.[Reinhard], Vetter, T.[Thomas],
Expression invariant 3D face recognition with a Morphable Model,
FG08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0809
BibRef

Weyrauch, B., Heisele, B.[Bernd], Huang, J.[Jennifer], Blanz, V.[Volker],
Component-Based Face Recognition with 3D Morphable Models,
FaceVideo04(85).
HTML Version. 0502
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A2, A4 only: AVBPA03(27-34).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Blanz, V.[Volker], Grother, P.J.[Patrick J.], Phillips, P.J.[P. Jonathon], Vetter, T.[Thomas],
Face Recognition Based on Frontal Views Generated from Non-Frontal Images,
CVPR05(II: 454-461).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Huang, J.[Jian], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.], Chen, W.S.[Wen-Sheng], Lai, J.H.,
Component-based LDA method for face recognition with one training sample,
AMFG03(120-126).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Wen, Z.[Zhen], Huang, T.S.,
3D Face Processing: Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis,
Kluwer2004. International Series in Video Computing , Vol. 8. ISBN: 1-4020-8047-6
HTML Version. Buy this book: 3D Face Processing: Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis (KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN VIDEO COMPUTING) BibRef 0400

Zhang, C.S.[Chang-Shui], Wang, J.[Jun], Zhao, N.Y.[Nan-Yuan], Zhang, D.[David],
Reconstruction and analysis of multi-pose face images based on nonlinear dimensionality reduction,
PR(37), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 325-336.
WWW Version. 0311
BibRef

Hsu, R.L.[Rein-Lien], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Generating discriminating cartoon faces using interacting snakes,
PAMI(25), No. 11, November 2003, pp. 1388-1398.
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Modeling for Recognition,
ICIP01(II: 693-696).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
Generat cartool like descriptions using constrained active contour models for the parts. Interaction among multiple snakes in the face model. BibRef

Yu, W.W.[Wei-Wei], Teng, X.L.[Xiao-Long], Liu, C.Q.[Chong-Qing],
Face recognition using discriminant locality preserving projections,
IVC(24), No. 3, 1 March 2006, pp. 239-248.
WWW Version. Face recognition; Difference model; Locality preserving projections; Discriminant locality preserving projections 0604
BibRef
Earlier:
Discriminant Locality Preserving Projections: A New Method to Face Representation and Recognition,
PETS05(201-207).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Yu, W.W.[Wei-Wei],
Two-dimensional discriminant locality preserving projections for face recognition,
PRL(30), No. 15, 1 November 2009, pp. 1378-1383,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0910
Face recognition; Two-dimensional; Discriminant locality preserving projections; Column projection; Row projection BibRef

Zhang, L.Y.[Li-Yan], Razdan, A.[Anshuman], Farin, G.E.[Gerald E.], Femiani, J.[John], Bae, M.S.[Myung-Soo], Lockwood, C.[Charles],
3D face authentication and recognition based on bilateral symmetry analysis,
VC(22), No. 1, January 2006, pp. 43-55.
Springer DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Bae, M., Razdan, A., Farin, G.E.,
Automated 3D Face authentication and recognition,
AVSBS07(45-50).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Deboeverie, F.[Francis], Veelaert, P.[Peter], Teelen, K.[Kristof], Philips, W.[Wilfried],
Face Recognition Using Parabola Edge Map,
ACIVS08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0810
See also Foliage Recognition Based on Local Edge Information. BibRef

Li, C.C.[Cong-Cong], Su, G.D.[Guang-Da], Shang, Y.[Yan], Li, Y.C.[Ying-Chun],
Frontal Face Synthesis Based on Multiple Pose-Variant Images for Face Recognition,
ICB07(948-957).
Springer DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Xiang, Y.[Yan], Su, G.D.[Guang-Da],
Multi-parts and multi-feature fusion in face verification,
Biometrics08(1-6).
IEEE DOI Link 0806
BibRef

Li, C.C.[Cong-Cong], Su, G.D.[Guang-Da], Shang, Y.[Yan], Li, Y.C.[Ying-Chun], Xiang, Y.[Yan],
Face Recognition Based on Pose-Variant Image Synthesis and Multi-level Multi-feature Fusion,
AMFG07(261-275).
Springer DOI Link 0710
BibRef

Tena, J.R., Smith, R.S., Hamouz, M., Kittler, J.V., Hilton, A., Illingworth, J.,
2D face pose normalisation using a 3D morphable model,
AVSBS07(51-56).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Guillemaut, J.Y.[Jean-Yves], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.], Sadeghi, M.T.[Mohammad T.], Christmas, W.J.[William J.],
General Pose Face Recognition Using Frontal Face Model,
CIARP06(79-88).
Springer DOI Link 0611
BibRef

Peng, K.[Kun], Chen, L.M.[Li-Ming], Ruan, S.[Su],
A novel scheme of face verification using active appearance models,
AVSBS05(247-252).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
BibRef

Kompanets, L.[Leonid],
Biometrics of Asymmetrical Face,
ICBA04(67-73).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Kruppa, H., Schiele, B.,
Using Local Context To Improve Face Detection,
BMVC03(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0409
BibRef

Alba, J.L., Pujol, A., Lopez, A., Villanueva, J.J.,
Improving shape-based face recognition by means of a supervised discriminant Hausdorff distance,
ICIP03(III: 901-904).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Alba, J.L., Pujol, A., Villanueva, J.J.,
Separating Geometry from Texture to Improve Face Analysis,
ICIP01(II: 673-676).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
BibRef

Hulbert, W.[William], Podilchuk, C.[Christine], Mammone, R.J.[Richard J.],
Face recognition using a pictorial-edit distance,
ICIP08(1908-1911).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Podilchuk, C.[Christine], Patel, A.[Ankur], Harthattu, A., Anand, S., Mammone, R.J.,
A New Face Recognition Algorithm using Bijective Mappings,
FRGC05(III: 165-165).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Mottl, V., Kostin, A., Kittler, J.V., Seredin, O., Yermakov, A.,
Support object classifiers with rigid and elastic kernel functions for face identification,
ICPR02(IV: 205-208).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Mottl, V., Kopylov, A., Kittler, J.V., Kostin, A., Yermakov, A.,
Elastic transformation of the image pixel grid for similarity based face identification,
ICPR02(III: 549-552).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Fang, Y.C.[Yu-Chun], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu], Wang, Y.H.[Yun-Hong],
Fusion of global and local features for face verification,
ICPR02(II: 382-385).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Muresan, D.D., Parks, T.W.,
Optimal face reconstruction using training,
ICIP02(III: 373-376).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
BibRef

Fröba, B., Kastner, T., Zink, W., Küblbeck, C.,
Real-time Active Shape Models for Face Segmentation,
ICIP01(I: 205-208).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
BibRef

Russell, K.B.[Kenneth B.],
Eigenheads for Reconstruction,
Vismod--422, 1997
Postscript Version. BibRef 9700

Moghaddam, B., Wahid, W., Pentland, A.P.,
Beyond Eigenfaces: Probabilistic Matching for Face Recognition,
AFGR98(30-35).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef 9800
And: Vismod--443, 1998.
Postscript Version. See also Probabilistic Visual Learning For Object Representation. BibRef

Covell, M.[Michele], Bregler, C.,
Eigen-Points,
ICIP96(III: 471-474).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

Lew, M.S.[Michael S.], She, A.C.[Alfred C.], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Intermediate views for face recognition,
CAIP95(138-145).
Springer DOI Link 9509
BibRef

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Face Recognition Using Three-Dimensional Models, 3-D Models .