7.1.4.1 DCT Computation

Rao, K.R., and Yip, P.,
Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications,
San Diego: Academic Press1990. ISBN 0-12-580203-X. In depth survey of DCT. BibRef 9000

Ahmed, N., Natarajan, T., Rao, K.R.,
Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(23), No. 1, 1974, pp. 90-93. BibRef 7400

Haralick, R.M.[Robert M.],
A Storage Efficient Way to Implement the Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(5), No. 7, July, 1976, pp. 764-765. BibRef 7607

Chen, W.H., Smith, C.H., Fralick, S.C.,
A Fast Computational Algorithm for Discrete Cosine Transform,
Commun(25), 1977, pp. 1004-1009. BibRef 7700

Speiser, J.M.[Jeffrey M.], Alsup, J.M.[James M.],
Apparatus for performing a discrete cosine transform of an input signal,
US_Patent4,152,772, 05/01/1979.
HTML Version. BibRef 7905

Flickner, M.D., Ahmad, N.,
A Derivation for the Discrete Cosine Transform,
PIEEE(70), 1982, pp. 1132-1134. BibRef 8200

Kamangar, F.A., Rao, K.R.,
Fast Algorithms for the 2D Discrete Cosine Transform,
TC(31), 1982, pp. 899-906. BibRef 8200

Widergren, R.D.[Robert D.], Chen, W.H.[Wen-Hsiung], Fralick, S.C.[Stanley C.], Tescher, A.G.[Andrew G.],
Discrete cosine transformer,
US_Patent4,385,363, 05/24/1983.
HTML Version. BibRef 8305

Chiu, C.T., Liu, K.J.R.,
Real-time parallel and fully pipelined two-dimensional DCT lattice structures with application to HDTV systems,
CirSysVideo(2), No. 1, March 1992, pp. 25-37.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Slawecki, D., Li, W.,
DCT/IDCT processor design for high data rate image coding,
CirSysVideo(2), No. 2, June 1992, pp. 135-146.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Huang, Y., Dreizen, H.M., Galatsanos, N.P.,
Prioritized DCT for compression and progressive transmission of images,
IP(1), No. 4, October 1992, pp. 477-487.
IEEE DOI Reference 0402 BibRef

Wu, L.N.[Le-Nan], He, Z.Y.[Zhen-Ya],
A further reduction of multiplications in Wang's fast DCT algorithm,
SP:IC(4), No. 3, June 1992, pp. 181-183.
WWW Version. 0001Discrete cosine transform; orthogonal transform BibRef

Tun, I.D.[Il Dong], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk],
On the fixed-point-error analysis of several fast DCT algorithms,
CirSysVideo(3), No. 1, February 1993, pp. 27-41.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Madisetti, A., Willson, Jr., A.N.,
A 100 MHz 2-D 8X8 DCT/IDCT processor for HDTV applications,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 2, April 1995, pp. 158-165.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Sherlock, B.G., Monro, D.M.,
Algorithm-749: Fast Discrete Cosine Transform,
TMS(21), No. 4, December 1995, pp. 372-378. BibRef 9512

Chang, Y.T.[Yu-Tai], Wang, C.L.[Chin-Liang],
New systolic array implementation of the 2-D discrete cosine transform and its inverse,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 2, April 1995, pp. 150-157.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jar-Ferr], Bai, B.L.[Bor-Long], Hsia, S.C.[Shih-Chang],
An efficient two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform algorithm for HDTV receivers,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 1, February 1995, pp. 25-30.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Chan, Y.H.[Yuk-Hee], Chau, L.P.[Lap-Pui], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Efficient implementation of discrete cosine transform using recursive filter structure,
CirSysVideo(4), No. 6, December 1994, pp. 550-552.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Chau, L.P.[Lap-Pui], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Efficient multiplier structure for realization of the discrete cosine transform,
SP:IC(18), No. 7, July 2003, pp. 527-536.
WWW Version. 0308 BibRef

Lee, S.W., Hsu, W.H.,
Parallel implementation of prime-factor discrete cosine transform on the orthogonal multiprocessor,
CirSysVideo(3), No. 2, April 1993, pp. 107-115.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 See also Parallel algorithms for hidden markov models on the orthogonal multiprocessor. BibRef

Hsiao, J.H.[Jue-Hsuan], Chen, L.G.[Liang-Gee], Chiueh, T.D.[Tzi-Dar], Chen, C.T.[Chun-Te],
High throughput CORDIC-based systolic array design for the discrete cosine transform,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 3, June 1995, pp. 218-225.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Masaki, T., Morimoto, Y., Onoye, T., Shirakawa, I.,
VLSI implementation of inverse discrete cosine transformer and motion compensator for MPEG2 HDTV video decoding,
CirSysVideo(5), No. 5, October 1995, pp. 387-395.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Kok, C.W.,
Fast Algorithm for Computing Discrete Cosine Transform,
TSP(45), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 757-760. 9703 BibRef

Lee, Y.P., Chen, T.H., Chen, L.G., Chen, M.J., Ku, C.W.,
A Cost-Effective Architecture for 8x8 2-Dimensional DCT/IDCT Using Direct Method,
CirSysVideo(7), No. 3, June 1997, pp. 459-467.
IEEE Top Reference. 9706 BibRef

Kovacevic, J.,
Local Cosine Bases in Two Dimensions,
IP(6), No. 11, November 1997, pp. 1580-1583.
IEEE DOI Reference 9710 BibRef

Uenohara, M., Kanade, T.,
Optimal Approximation of Uniformly Rotated Images: Relationship Between Karhunen-Loeve Expansion and Discrete Cosine Transform,
IP(7), No. 1, January 1998, pp. 116-119.
IEEE DOI Reference 9801 BibRef

Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
Comments on 'Optimal Approximation of Uniformly Rotated Images: Relationship Between Karhunen-Loeve Expansion and Discrete Cosine Transform',
IP(11), No. 3, March 2002, pp. 332-334.
IEEE DOI Reference 0203 BibRef

Xi, J.T., Chicharo, J.F.,
Computing Running Discrete Cosine/Sine Transforms Based on the Adaptive LMS Algorithm,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 1, February 1998, pp. 31-35.
IEEE Top Reference. 9803 BibRef

Wu, H.R., Man, Z.H.,
Comments on Fast Algorithms and Implementation of 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 2, April 1998, pp. 128-129.
IEEE Top Reference. 9804 BibRef

Pao, I.M., Sun, M.T.,
Approximation of Calculations for Forward Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 264-268.
IEEE Top Reference. 9806 BibRef

Kresch, R., Merhav, N.,
Fast DCT Domain Filtering Using the DCT and the DST,
IP(8), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 821-833.
IEEE DOI Reference BibRef 9906

Merhav, N., Kresch, R.,
Approximate Convolution Using DCT Coefficient Multipliers,
CirSysVideo(8), No. 4, August 1998, pp. 378-385.
IEEE Top Reference. 9809 BibRef

Chung, K.L., Yan, W.L.,
On Matrix Factorizations for Recursive Pruned Discrete Cosine Transforms,
SP(68), No. 2, July 1998, pp. 175-182. 9809 BibRef

Fang, W.H., Hu, N.C., Shih, S.K.,
Recursive fast computation of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform,
VISP(146), No. 1, February 1999, pp. 25. BibRef 9902

Strang, G.[Gilbert],
The Discrete Cosine Transform,
SIAM_Rev(41), No. 1, 1999, pp. 135-147. Theory and analysis of the DCT in its various forms.
WWW Version. BibRef 9900

Elnaggar, A., Alnuweiri, H.M.,
A New Multidimensional Recursive Architecture for Computing The Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 113.
IEEE Top Reference. 0003 BibRef

Chang, T.S., Kung, C.S., Jen, C.W.,
A Simple Processor Core Design for DCT/IDCT,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 3, April 2000, pp. 439-447.
IEEE Top Reference. 0004 BibRef

Al-Kachouh, Z., Bellanger, M.G.,
Fast DCT-Based Spatial Domain Interpolation of Blocks in Images,
IP(9), No. 4, April 2000, pp. 729-732.
IEEE DOI Reference 0004 BibRef
Earlier:
Exact DCT-Based Spatial Domain Interpolation of Blocks in Images,
ICIP97(I: 897-900).
IEEE DOI Reference BibRef

Al-Kachouh, Z., Bellanger, M.G.,
Efficient restoration technique for missing blocks in images,
CirSysVideo(13), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 1182-1186.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402 BibRef

Harish, K.S., Prabhu, K.M.M.,
Fixed-point error analysis of two DCT algorithms,
VISP(147), No. 2, April 2000, pp. 131. 0005 BibRef

Tan, T.C.[Teng Chork], Bi, G.A.[Guo-An], Tan, H.N.[Han Ngee],
Fast recursive algorithms for 2-D discrete cosine transform,
SP(80), No. 9, September 2000, pp. 1917-1935. 0008 BibRef

Lam, E.Y., Goodman, J.W.,
A Mathematical Analysis of the DCT Coefficient Distributions for Images,
IP(9), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1661-1666.
IEEE DOI Reference 0010 BibRef

Lam, E.Y.,
Analysis of the DCT Coefficient Distributions for Document Coding,
SPLetters(11), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 97-100.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0402 BibRef

Hsiao, S.F., Shiue, W.R., Tseng, J.M.,
Design and implementation of a novel linear-array DCT/IDCT processor with complexity of order log2N,
VISP(147), No. 5, October 2000, pp. 400-408. 0101 BibRef

Hsiao, S.F.[Shen-Fu], Shiue, W.R.[Wei-Ren],
A new hardware-efficient algorithm and architecture for computation of 2-D DCTs on a linear array,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1149-1159.
IEEE Top Reference. 0111 BibRef

Zeng, Y., Bi, G., Leyman, A.R.,
New algorithm for r-dimensional DCT-II,
VISP(148), No. 1 , February 2001, pp. 1-8. 0105 BibRef

Yin, R.X.[Rui-Xiang], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
A new fast algorithm for computing prime-Length DCT through cyclic convolutions,
SP(81), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 895-906.
HTML Version. 0105 BibRef

Mas Ribés, J.M., Simon, B., Macq, B.,
Combined Kohonen neural networks and discrete cosine transform method for iterated transformation theory,
SP:IC(16), No. 7, April 2001, pp. 643-656.
WWW Version. 0105 BibRef

Guo, J.I.[Jiun-In], Li, C.C.[Chih-Chen],
A generalized architecture for the one-dimensional discrete cosine and sine transforms,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 874-881.
IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Cheng, L.Z.[Li Zhi],
On computing the two-dimensional (2-D) type IV discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT-IV),
SPLetters(8), No. 8, August 2001, pp. 239-241.
IEEE Top Reference. Using the 1-D polynomial transform and the N length-M 1-D DCTs. Compared to the row-column method, this less than one-half the multiplications and fewer additions. 0109 BibRef

Cheng, L.Z., Zeng, Y.H.,
New fast algorithm for multidimensional type-IV DCT,
VISP(148), No. 4, August 2001, pp. 263-268. 0201 BibRef

Kountchev, R.[Roumen], Haese-Coat, V.[Véronique], Ronsin, J.[Joseph],
Inverse pyramidal decomposition with multiple DCT,
SP:IC(17), No. 2, February 2002, pp. 201-218.
WWW Version. 0201 BibRef

Liu, K.J.R., Chiu, C.T., Kolagotla, R.K., Jala, J.F.,
Optimal unified architectures for the real-time computation of time-recursive discrete sinusoidal transforms,
CirSysVideo(4), No. 2, April 1994, pp. 168-180.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206 BibRef

Hsiao, S.F., Tseng, J.M.,
New matrix formulation for two-dimensional DCT/IDCT computation and its distributed-memory VLSI implementation,
VISP(149), No. 2, April 2002, pp. 97-107.
IEEE Top Reference. 0208 BibRef

de Queiroz, R.L.,
Variable complexity DCT approximations driven by an HVQ-based analyzer,
CirSysVideo(12), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 1021-1024.
IEEE Top Reference. 0301 BibRef

Pai, C.Y., Lynch, W.E., Al-Khalili, A.J.,
Low-power data-dependent 8x8 DCT/IDCT for video compression,
VISP(150), No. 4, August 2003, pp. 245-255.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0311 BibRef

Gong, D., He, Y., Cao, Z.,
New Cost-Effective VLSI Implementation of a 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform and Its Inverse,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 405-415.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407 BibRef

Guo, J.I., Ju, R.C., Chen, J.W.,
An Efficient 2-D DCT/IDCT Core Design Using Cyclic Convolution and Adder-Based Realization,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 416-428.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407 BibRef

Lengwehasatit, K., Ortega, A.,
Scalable Variable Complexity Approximate Forward DCT,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 11, November 2004, pp. 1236-1248.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411 BibRef
Earlier:
DCT computation based on variable complexity fast approximations,
ICIP98(III: 95-99).
IEEE DOI Reference 9810 BibRef

Pei, S.C.[Soo-Chang], Kao, M.P.[Meng-Ping],
Direct N-Point DCT Computation from Three Adjacent N/3-Point DCT Coefficients,
SPLetters(12), No. 2, February 2005, pp. 89-92.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501 BibRef
Earlier: ICIP04(II: 1113-1116).
IEEE DOI Reference 0505 BibRef

Chen, H.C., Guo, J.I., Chang, T.S., Jen, C.W.,
A Memory-Efficient Realization of Cyclic Convolution and Its Application to Discrete Cosine Transform,
CirSysVideo(15), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 445-453.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0501 BibRef

Lee, J., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J.,
Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform Architecture Exploiting Sparseness and Symmetry Properties,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 655-662.
IEEE DOI Reference 0605 BibRef

Nadarajah, S., Kotz, S.,
On the DCT Coefficient Distributions,
SPLetters(13), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 601-603.
IEEE DOI Reference 0609 BibRef

Pnkl, M., Virtanen, K., Paasio, A.,
An Analog 2-D DCT Processor,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 1209-1216.
IEEE DOI Reference 0611 BibRef

Khan, M.Z.A., Qadeer, S.A., Khan, M.Y.,
Fast Computation of Partial DFT for Comb Spectrum Evaluation,
SPLetters(13), No. 12, December 2006, pp. 721-724.
IEEE DOI Reference 0701 BibRef

Xie, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Yang, T.,
A General Method for Detecting All-Zero Blocks Prior to DCT and Quantization,
CirSysVideo(17), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 237-241.
IEEE DOI Reference 0702 BibRef

Shu, H., Bao, X., Toumoulin, C., Luo, L.,
Radix-3 Algorithm for the Fast Computation of Forward and Inverse MDCT,
SPLetters(14), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 93-96.
IEEE DOI Reference 0703 BibRef

Au, K.M., Law, N.F., Siu, W.C.,
Unified feature analysis in JPEG and JPEG 2000-compressed domains,
PR(40), No. 7, July 2007, pp. 2049-2062.
WWW Version. 0704Discrete cosine transform; Wavelet transform; JPEG; JPEG 2000; Feature extraction; Image retrieval; Significance map BibRef

Mansour, M.F.,
On the Optimization of Oversampled DFT Filter Banks,
SPLetters(14), No. 6, June 2007, pp. 389-392.
IEEE DOI Reference 0706 BibRef

Zhao, J.C.[Ju-Cheng], Saito, N.[Naoki], Wang, Y.[Yi],
PHLST5: A Practical and Improved Version of Polyharmonic Local Sine Transform,
JMIV(30), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 23-41.
Springer DOI Reference 0801 BibRef

Kumaki, T.[Takeshi], Ishizaki, M.[Masakatsu], Koide, T.[Tetsushi], Mattausch, H.J.[Hans Jürgen], Kuroda, Y.[Yasuto], Noda, H.[Hideyuki], Dosaka, K.[Katsumi], Arimoto, K.[Kazutami], Saito, K.[Kazunori],
Acceleration of DCT Processing with Massive-Parallel Memory-Embedded SIMD Matrix Processor,
IEICE(E90-D), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 1312-1315.
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef

Reznik, Y.A.[Yuriy A.], Hsu, D.[De], Panda, P.[Prasanjit], Pillai, B.[Brijesh],
Low-Drift Fixed-Point 8X8 IDCT Approximationwith 8-Bit Transform Factors,
ICIP07(VI: 81-84).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Arnia, F.[Fitri], Iizuka, I.[Ikue], Fujiyoshi, M.[Masaaki], Kiya, H.[Hitoshi],
Fast Method for Joint Retrieval and Identification of JPEG Coded Images Based on DCT Sign,
ICIP07(II: 229-232).
IEEE DOI Reference 0709 BibRef

Sung, T.Y.[Tze-Yun], Sun, M.J.[Mao-Jen], Shieh, Y.S.[Yaw-Shih], Hsin, H.C.[Hsi-Chin],
Memory-Efficiency and High-Speed Architectures for Forward and Inverse DCT with Multiplierless Operation,
PSIVT06(802-811).
Springer DOI Reference 0612 BibRef

Chan, R.K.W.[Raymond K.W.], Lee, M.C.[Moon-Chuen],
Multiplierless Fast DCT Algorithms with Minimal Approximation Errors,
ICPR06(III: 921-925).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

Kim, C.G.[Cheong-Ghil], Lee, S.J.[Su-Jin], Kim, S.D.[Shin-Dug],
2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on Meshes with Hierarchical Control Modes,
IbPRIA05(I:675).
Springer DOI Reference 0509 BibRef

Komatsu, K., Sezaki, K.,
2D Lossless Discrete Cosine Transform,
ICIP01(III: 466-469).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Mietens, S., de With, P.H.N., Hentschel, C.,
New DCT Computation Algorithm for Video Quality Scaling,
ICIP01(III: 462-465).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Pan, W.,
A Fast 2-D DCT Algorithm Via Distributed Arithmetic Optimization,
ICIP00(Vol III: 114-117).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Corr, P., Hanna, P., Ming, J., Smith, F.J.,
Discrete Chebyshev Transform: a Natural Modification of the DCT,
ICPR00(Vol III: 1142-1145).
IEEE DOI Reference
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Itoh, Y., Cheung, N.M.,
Universal Variable Length Code for DCT Coding,
ICIP00(Vol I: 940-943).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Martucci, S.,
Interpolation in the DST and DCT Domains,
ICIP00(Vol II: 339-342).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Chiper, D.F.[Doru-Florin],
A Systolic Array Algorithm for An Efficient Unified Memory-based Implementation of the Inverse Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms,
ICIP99(II:764-768).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9900

Jiang, J.M.[Jian-Min],
A new and fast real-time implementation of 2-D DCT,
CIAP95(197-202).
Springer DOI Reference 9509 BibRef

Potkonjak, M., Chandrakasan, A.,
Synthesis and selection of DCT algorithms using behavioral synthesis-based algorithm space exploration,
ICIP95(I: 65-68).
IEEE DOI Reference 9510 BibRef

Srinivasan, V., Ray Liu, K.J.,
Full custom VLSI implementation of high-speed 2-D DCT/IDCT chip,
ICIP94(III: 606-610).
IEEE DOI Reference 9411 BibRef

Kasperovich, L.V.[Leonid V.], Babkin, V.F.[Vladimir F.],
Fast discrete cosine transform approximation for JPEG image compression,
CAIP93(98-104).
Springer DOI Reference 9309 BibRef

Chapter on 2-D Feature Analysis, Extraction and Representations, Shape, Skeletons, Texture continues in
Gabor Filters -- General .