19.6.3.2 Inspection -- Chips, Wafers, PCB, PWB, IC, Disks, etc.

Chapter Contents (Back)
Real Time Vision. Application, Inspection. PCB Inspection.

Orbotech Ltd.,
2001
WWW Version. Vendor, Inspection. Industrial inspection systems for semiconductors.

ICOS,
2007
WWW Version. Vendor, Inspection. Industrial inspection systems for semiconductors.

Watkins, L.S.,
Inspection of IC Photomasks with Intensity Spatial Filters,
PIEEE(57), 1969, pp. 1634-1639. BibRef 6900

Axelrod, N.N.,
Intensity Spatial Filtering Applied to Defect Detection in Integrated Circuit Photomasks,
PIEEE(60), 1972, pp. 447-448. BibRef 7200

Bourdelais, R.J., Colangelo, D., McFadyen, R.J., and Elliott, J.F.,
Instrument for Automatically Inspecting Integrated Circuit Masks for Pinholes and Spots,
US_Patent3,795,452, March 5, 1974.
WWW Version. BibRef 7403

Harlow, C.A., Henderson, S.E., Rayfield, D.A., Johnson, R.J., and Dwyer, III, S.J.,
Automated Inspection of Electronic Assemblies,
Computer(8), No. 4, April 1975, pp. 36-45. BibRef 7504

Olsen, O.A.,
Visual Method of Locating Faults in Printed Circuit Boards,
US_Patent3,976,383, August 24, 1976.
WWW Version. BibRef 7608

Baxter, D.W., and Shipway, R.E.,
Defect Inspection of Objects Such as Electronic Circuits,
US_Patent4,056,716, November 1, 1977.
WWW Version. BibRef 7711

McVey, E.S., van Tol, A.,
An experimental printed circuit board drilling system automated by pattern recognition,
PR(11), No. 4, 1979, pp. 271-276.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef

Hsieh, Y.Y., and Fu, K.S.,
An Automatic Visual Inspection System for Integrated Circuit Chips,
CGIP(14), No. 4, December 1980, pp. 293-343.
WWW Version. BibRef 8012

Jarvis, J.F.,
A Method for Automating the Visual Inspection of Printed Wiring Boards,
PAMI(2), No. 1, January 1980, pp. 77-83. Inspection, PWB. BibRef 8001

Goto, N., Kondo, T.,
An Automatic Inspection System for Printed Wiring Board Masks,
PR(12), No. 6, 1980, pp. 443-455.
WWW Version. BibRef 8000

Pau, L.F.,
Integrated Testing and Algorithms for Visual Inspection of Integrated Circuits,
PAMI(5), No. 6, November 1983, pp. 602-608. BibRef 8311
Earlier:
Semiconductio IC's: Integrated Testing and Algorithms for Visual Inspection,
ICPR80(238-240). BibRef

IC testing system.

Baird, M.L.,
SIGHT-I: A Computer Vision System for Automated IC Chip Manufacture,
SMC(8), No. 2, February 1978, pp. 133-139. BibRef 7802
Earlier:
An Application ov Computer Vision to Automatic IC Chip Manufacture,
ICPR76(3-7). BibRef

West, M.A., de Foster, S., Baldwin, E.C., Zeigler, R.A.,
Computer Controlled Optical Testing of High-Density Printed-Circuit Boards,
IBMRD(27), No. 1, 1983, pp. 50-58. BibRef 8300

Crabb, R.M.[Robert M.], de Foster, S.M.[Steven M.], Rittenhouse, N.E.[Norman E.], West, M.A.[Mark A.], Ziegler, R.A.[Richard A.],
System for measuring and detecting printed circuit wiring defects,
US_Patent4,650,333, March 17, 1987.
WWW Version. BibRef 8703

Wahl, F.[Friedrich], So, S.[Samuel], and Wong, K.[Kwan],
A Hybrid Optical-Digital Image Processing Method for Surface Inspection,
IBMRD(27), No. 4, July 1983, pp. 376-385. BibRef 8307

Rubat du Merac, C., Jutier, P., Laurent, J., Courtois, B.,
A New Domain for Image Analysis: VLSI Circuit Testing, with ROMULAD, Specialized in Parallel Image Processing,
PRL(1), 1983, pp. 347-357. BibRef 8300

Zeller, H., Doemens, G.,
Applications of Pattern Recognition in Semiconductor and Printer Board Production,
SP(5), 1983, pp. 399-412. BibRef 8300

Wilder, J.,
Machine Vision for Inspection of Keyboards,
SP(5), 1983, pp. 413-421. BibRef 8300

West, G.A.W.,
A System for the Automatic Visual Inspection of Bare-Printed Circuit Boards,
SMC(14), 1984, pp. 767-773. BibRef 8400

Mandeville, J.R.,
Novel Method for Analysis of Printed Circuit Images,
IBMRD(29), No. 1, January 1985, pp. 73-86. BibRef 8501

Bixler, J.P., Sanford, J.P.,
A Technique for Encoding Lines and Regions in Engineering Drawings,
PR(18), No. 5, 1985, pp. 367-377.
WWW Version. BibRef 8500

Yoda, H., Ohuchi, Y., Taniguchi, Y., and Ejiri, M.,
An Automatic Wafer Inspection System Using Pipelined Image Processing Techniques,
PAMI(10), No. 1, January 1988, pp. 4-16.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 8801

Hara, Y., Doi, H., Karasaki, K., and Iida, T.,
A System for PCB Automated Inspection Using Fluorescent Light,
PAMI(10), No. 1, January 1988, pp. 69-78.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 8801

Shu, D.B., Li, C.C., Mancuso, J.F., and Sun, Y.N.,
A Line Extraction Method for Automated SEM Inspection of VLSI Resist,
PAMI(10), No. 1, January 1988, pp. 117-120.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 8801

Ando, M., Inagaki, T.,
Automatic Optical Inspection of Plated Through-Holes for Ultrahigh Density Printed Wiring Boards,
MVA(1), 1988, pp. 175-181. BibRef 8800

Dom, B.E., Brecher, V.H., Bonner, R., Batchelder, J.S., Jaffe, R.S.,
The P300: A System for Automatic Pattern Wafer Inspection,
MVA(1), 1988, pp. 205-221. BibRef 8800

Hara, Y., Akiyama, N., and Karasaki, K.,
Automatic Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards,
PAMI(5), No. 6, November 1983, pp. 623-630. Vertical and diagonal lighting to make the metal pattern more obvious, then the inspection becomes easier. BibRef 8311

Hara, Y., Okamoto, K., Hamada, T., Akiyama, N., Nakagawa, K., Torisawa, S., and Nakashima, S.,
Automatic Visual Inspection of LSI Photomasks,
ICPR80(273-279). BibRef 8000

Sanz, J.L.C., and Petkovic, D.,
Machine Vision Algorithms for Automated Inspection of Thin-Film Disk Heads,
PAMI(10), No. 6, November 1988, pp. 830-848.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. Inspection, Disk Heads. Real system to inspect disk head assemblies. Not much new from the vision point of view, except that it works. BibRef 8811

Sanz, J.L.C., Dinstein, I., and Petkovic, D.,
Computing Multi-Colored Polygonal Masks in Pipeline Architectures and Its Application to Automated Visual Inspection,
CACM(30), No. 4, April 1987, pp. 318-329. The different templates (colors of polygons) are used to find features in the image which can then be closely inspected. BibRef 8704

Petkovic, D., Hinkle, E.B.,
A Rule-Based System for Verifying Engineering Specifications in Industrial Visual Inspection Applications,
PAMI(9), No. 2, March 1987, pp. 306-311. BibRef 8703

Dom, B., Steele, D., Petkovic, D., Kuhlmann, L.,
Algorithms for automatic disk head/slider inspection,
ICPR94(A:295-300).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9410 BibRef

Petkovic, D., Sanz, J.L.C., Mohiuddin, K., Hinkle, E.B., Flickner, M.D., Cox, C., Wong, K.,
An Experimental System for Disk Head Inspection,
ICPR86(9-13). BibRef 8600

Sprague, A.P., Donahue, M.J., and Rokhlin, S.I.,
A Method for Automatic Inspection of Printed Circuit Boards,
CVGIP(54), No. 3, November 1991, pp. 401-415.
WWW Version. Find features in the pattern and match to features in the reference graph pattern. BibRef 9111

Wojcik, Z.M.[Zbigniew M.],
An Approach to the Recognition of Contours and Line-Shaped Objects,
CVGIP(25), No. 2, February 1984, pp. 184-204.
WWW Version. Recognize Line Models. The use of some line analysis techniques that extend to PCB inspection. BibRef 8402

Ellison, T.P.[Timothy P.], Taylor, C.J.[Christopher J.],
Calculating the surface topography of integrated circuit wafers from SEM images,
IVC(9), No. 1, February 1991, pp. 3-9.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef
Earlier: BMVC90(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9009 BibRef

Dom, B.E., Brecher, V.,
Recent Advances in the Automatic Inspection of Integrated-Circuits for Pattern Defects,
MVA(8), No. 1, 1995, pp. 5-19. BibRef 9500

Khalaj, B.H., Aghajan, H.K., Kailath, T.,
Patterned Wafer Inspection By High-Resolution Spectral Estimation Techniques,
MVA(7), No. 3, 1994, pp. 178-185. BibRef 9400

Teoh, E.K., Mital, D.P.,
A Transputer-Based Automated Visual Inspection System for Electronic Devices and PCBs,
OptLas(22), No. 3, 1995, pp. 161-180. BibRef 9500

Moganti, M., Ercal, F., Dagli, C.H., Tsunekawa, S.,
Automatic PCB Inspection Algorithms: A Survey,
CVIU(63), No. 2, March 1996, pp. 287-313.
WWW Version. Survey, Inspection. BibRef 9603

Rao, A.R.,
Future-Directions in Industrial Machine Vision: A Case-Study of Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications,
IVC(14), No. 1, February 1996, pp. 3-19.
WWW Version. 9608 BibRef

Yuan, M.C., Li, J.G.,
A Production System for LSI Chip Anatomizing,
PRL(5), 1987, pp. 227-232. BibRef 8700

Blanz, W.E., Sanz, J.L.C., Hinkle, E.B.,
Image Analysis Methods for Solder-Ball Inspection in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing,
RA(4), 1988, pp. 129-139. BibRef 8800

Chou, P.B., Rao, A.R., Sturzenbecker, M.C., Wu, F.Y., Brecher, V.H.,
Automatic Defect Classification for Semiconductor Manufacturing,
MVA(9), No. 4, 1997, pp. 201-214.
HTML Version. Visual Inspection. BibRef 9700

An, J.N., Cho, Y.B., Gweon, D.G.,
A New Method for Image Separation of Overlapped Images from a Two-Layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB),
IVC(15), No. 11, November 1997, pp. 861-866.
WWW Version. 9712 BibRef

Kim, S.W., Lee, S.Y., Yoon, D.S.,
Rapid Pattern Inspection of Shadow Masks by Machine Vision Integrated with Fourier Optics,
OptEng(36), No. 12, December 1997, pp. 3309-3311. 9801 BibRef

Zhou, H., Kassim, A.A., Ranganath, S.,
A Fast Algorithm for Detecting Die Extrusion Defects in IC Packages,
MVA(11), No. 1, 1998, pp. 37-41.
HTML Version. 9808 BibRef

Kassim, A.A., Zhou, H., Ranganath, S.,
Automatic IC orientation checks,
MVA(12), No. 3, 2000, pp. 107-112.
HTML Version. 0010 BibRef

Chung, H.K., Park, R.H.,
2-Stage High-Precision Visual Inspection of Surface Mount Devices,
JEI(6), No. 4, October 1997, pp. 517-524. 9807 BibRef

Moganti, M.[Madhav], Ercal, F.[Fikret],
A Subpattern Level Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards,
CVIU(70), No. 1, April 1998, pp. 51-62.
WWW Version. BibRef 9804

Moganti, M.[Madhav], Ercal, F.[Fikret],
Segmentation of Printed Circuit Board Images into Basic Patterns,
CVIU(70), No. 1, April 1998, pp. 74-86.
WWW Version. BibRef 9804

Fadzil, A.[Ahmad], Weng, C.J.[Chu Jenn],
LED Cosmetic Flaw Inspection System,
PAA(1), No. 1, 1998, pp. 62-70. BibRef 9800

Rodriguez, A.A., Mandeville, J.R.,
Image registration for automated inspection of printed circuit patterns using CAD reference data,
MVA(6), No. 4, 1993, pp. 233-242. BibRef 9300

Rajeswari, M., Rodd, M.G.,
Real-time Analysis of an IC Wire-bonding Inspection System,
RealTimeImg(5), No. 6, December 1999, pp. 409-421. 0003 BibRef

Xie, P.[Pin], Guan, S.U.[Sheng-Uei],
A golden-template self-generating method for patterned wafer inspection,
MVA(12), No. 3, 2000, pp. 149-156.
HTML Version. 0010 BibRef

Guan, S.U.[Sheng-Uei], Xie, P.[Pin], Li, H.[Hong],
A golden-block-based self-refining scheme for repetitive patterned wafer inspections,
MVA(13), No. 5-6, 2003, pp. 314-321.
HTML Version. 0304 BibRef

Guan, S.U.[Sheng-Uei], Xie, P.[Pin],
A golden block self-generating scheme for continuous patterned wafer inspections,
CIAP99(436-441).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9909 BibRef

Zoroofi, R.A.[Reza Aghaeizadeh], Taketani, H.[Hisashi], Tamura, S.[Shinichi], Sato, Y.[Yoshinobu], Sekiya, K.[Kazuma],
Automated inspection of IC wafer contamination,
PR(34), No. 6, June 2001, pp. 1307-1317.
WWW Version. 0103 BibRef

van Dop, E.R.[Erik R.], Regtien, P.P.L.[Paul P.L.],
Multi-sensor recognition of electronic components,
MVA(12), No. 5, 2001, pp. 213-222.
HTML Version. 0103 BibRef

Ye, Q.Z., Ong, S.H., Han, X.,
A stereo vision system for the inspection of IC bonding wires,
IJIST(11), No. 4, 2001, pp. 254-262.
WWW Version. 0105 BibRef

Bréhélin, L.[Laurend], Gascuel, O.[Olivier], Caraux, G.[Gilles],
Hidden Markov Models with Patterns to Learn Boolean Vector Sequences and Application to the Built-In Self-Test for Integrated Circuits,
PAMI(23), No. 9, September 2001, pp. 997-1008.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0110Variation of HMM. BibRef

Qu, G.[Gongyuan], Wood, S.L.[Sally L.], Teh, C.[Cho],
Wafer Defect Detection Using Directional Morphological Gradient Techniques,
JASP(2002), No. 7, July 2002, pp. 686-703. 0208 BibRef

Tobin, K.W.[Kenneth W.], Karnowski, T.P.[Thomas P.], Arrowood, L.F.[Lloyd F.], Ferrell, R.K.[Regina K.], Goddard, J.S.[James S.], Lakhani, F.[Fred],
Content-Based Image Retrieval for Semiconductor Process Characterization,
JASP(2002), No. 7, July 2002, pp. 704-713. 0208 BibRef

Tsai, D.M., Chou, C.C.,
A fast focus measure for video display inspection,
MVA(14), No. 3, July 2003, pp. 192-196.
WWW Version. 0308 BibRef

Roh, Y.J.[Young Jun], Park, W.S.[Won Shik], Cho, H.S.[Hyung-Suck],
Correcting image distortion in the X-ray digital tomosynthesis system for PCB solder joint inspection,
IVC(21), No. 12, November 2003, pp. 1063-1075.
WWW Version. 0310 BibRef

Baidyk, T., Kussul, E., Makeyev, O., Caballero, A., Ruiz, L., Carrera, G., Velasco, G.,
Flat image recognition in the process of microdevice assembly,
PRL(25), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 107-118.
WWW Version. 0311 BibRef

Toledo, G.K.[Gengis K.], Kussul, E.[Ernst], Baidyk, T.[Tatiana],
Neural classifier for micro work piece recognition,
IVC(24), No. 8, August 2006, pp. 827-836.
WWW Version. 0608Neural network; Object recognition; Position recognition; Microassembly BibRef

Fang, T.[Tong], Jafari, M.A.[Mohsen A.], Danforth, S.C.[Stephen C.], Safari, A.[Ahmad],
Signature analysis and defect detection in layered manufacturing of ceramic sensors and actuators,
MVA(15), No. 2, December 2003, pp. 63-75.
WWW Version. 0401 BibRef

Zervakis, M.E., Goumas, S.K., Rovithakis, G.A.,
A Bayesian Framework for Multilead SMD Post-Placement Quality Inspection,
SMC-B(34), No. 1, February 2004, pp. 440-453.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A1:
A Bayesian image analysis framework for post-placement quality inspection of components,
ICIP02(II: 549-552).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef

Kubota, T.[Toshiro], Talekar, P.[Parag], Ma, X.Y.[Xian-Yun], Sudarshan, T.S.[Tangali S.],
A nondestructive automated defect detection system for silicon carbide wafers,
MVA(16), No. 3, May 2005, pp. 170-176.
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Di Palma, F., de Nicolao, G., Miraglia, G., Pasquinetti, E., Piccinini, F.,
Unsupervised spatial pattern classification of electrical-wafer-sorting maps in semiconductor manufacturing,
PRL(26), No. 12, September 2005, pp. 1857-1865.
WWW Version. 0508 BibRef

Shankar, N.G., Zhong, Z.W.,
Improved segmentation of semiconductor defects using area sieves,
MVA(17), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 1-7.
WWW Version. 0604 BibRef

Lin, H.D.[Hong-Dar],
Tiny surface defect inspection of electronic passive components using discrete cosine transform decomposition and cumulative sum techniques,
IVC(26), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 603-621.
WWW Version. 0803Tiny surface defect inspection; Electronic passive components; Discrete cosine transform decomposition; Cumulative sum technique BibRef

Watanabe, T.[Takashi], Kusano, A.[Akira], Fujiwara, T.[Takayuki], Koshimizu, H.[Hiroyasu],
3D Precise Inspection of Terminal Lead for Electronic Devices by Single Camera Stereo Vision,
IEICE(E91-D), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 1885-1892.
WWW Version. 0807 BibRef

Last, M.[Mark], Kandel, A.[Abraham],
Perception-based Analysis Of Engineering Experiments In The Semiconductor Industry,
IJIG(2), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 107-126. 0201 BibRef


Shortis, M.R., Johnston, G.H.G., Pottler, K., Lüpfert, E.,
Photogrammetric Analysis of Solar Collectors,
ISPRS08(B5: 81 ff).
PDF Version. 0807 BibRef

Wang, D.Z.[Da-Zhi], Wu, C.H.[Chun-Ho], Ip, A.[Andrew], Chan, C.Y.[Ching-Yuen], Wang, D.W.[Ding-Wei],
Fast Multi-template Matching Using a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for PCB Inspection,
EvoIASP08(xx-yy).
WWW Version. 0804 BibRef

Lin, H.D.[Hong-Dar], Chiu, S.W.[Singa Wang],
Computer-Aided Vision System for MURA-Type Defect Inspection in Liquid Crystal Displays,
PSIVT06(442-452).
WWW Version. 0612 BibRef

Oda, M.[Masayoshi], Nishio, Y.[Yoshifumi], Ushida, A.[Akio],
Spatial-temporal Analysis Method of Plane Circuits Based on Two-Layer Cellular Neural Networks,
IWICPAS06(195-204).
WWW Version. 0608Analysis of circuits. BibRef

Bourgeata, P., Meriaudeaua, F.,
Classifier Vote and Gabor Filter Banks for Wafer Segmentation,
ICIP05(I: 369-372).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0512 BibRef

Ho, W.K.[Weng Khuen], Tay, A., Zhou, Y.[Ying], Yang, K.[Kai], Hu, N.[Ni],
Detection of wafer warpages during thermal processing in microlithography,
ICARCV04(I: 485-490).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0412 BibRef

El Doker, T.A., King, J., Scott, D.R.,
Initial results on the development of a new wafer inspection paradigm,
Southwest04(124-127).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0411 BibRef

Tominaga, S., Okamoto, S.,
Reflectance-based material classification for printed circuit boards,
CIAP03(238-243).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310 BibRef

Choi, K.S.[Kang-Sun], Pyun, J.Y.[Jae-Young], Kim, N.H.[Nam-Hyeong], Choi, B.D.[Byeong-Doo], Ko, S.J.[Sung-Jea],
Real-Time Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards,
DAGM03(458-465).
HTML Version. 0310 BibRef

Hiroi, T., Shishido, C.[Chie], Watanabe, M.,
Pattern alignment method based on consistency among local registration candidates for LSI wafer pattern inspection,
WACV02(257-263).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0303 BibRef

Shimoda, A., Iwata, H., Shibata, Y., Ikeda, H.,
Thin Film Magnetic Head Wafer Inspection Technique Using Geometrical Feature Based Image Comparison,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Chang, M.C., Chen, H.Y., Fuh, C.S.,
Fast Search Algorithms for IC Printed Mark Quality Inspection,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Marino, P., Dominguez, M.A.,
Feature Extraction for Electronic Equipment Manufacturing,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Gleason, S.S., Tobin, K.W.,
Directional dilation for the connection of piece-wise objects: A semiconductor manufacturing case study,
ICIP96(III: 9-12).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9610 BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yi], Tisler, A.,
Machine Vision Inspection of VF Display Boards,
ICPR96(III: 839-843).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9608(Univ. of Michigan, USA) BibRef

Doi, H.[Hideaki], Suzuki, Y.[Yoko], Hara, Y.[Yasuhiko], Iida, T.[Tadashi], Fujishita, Y.[Yasuhiro], Karasaki, K.[Koichi],
Real-Time X-Ray Inspection of 3D Defects in Circuit Board Patterns,
ICCV95(575-582).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
WWW Version. BibRef 9500

Duin, R.P.W.[Robert P. W.], Hoek, E.T.G.[Edwin T. G.],
SMD position measurement by a Kohonen network compared with image processing,
CAIP95(606-611).
WWW Version. 9509SMD: Surface Mounted Device. BibRef

Darboux, M.[Michel], Dinten, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Development of an automated bond verification system for advanced electronic packages,
CIAP95(737-742).
WWW Version. 9509 BibRef

Cook, B.D., Lee, S.Y.[Soo-Young],
Fast exposure simulation for large circuit patterns in electron beam lithography,
ICIP95(I: 442-445).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9510 BibRef

Hiroi, T., Maeda, S., Kubota, H., Watanabe, K., Nakagawa, Y.,
Precise visual inspection for LSI wafer patterns using subpixel image alignment,
WACV94(26-34).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Thibadeau, R.H.[Robert H.],
Printed Circuit Board inspection,
CMU-RI-TR-81-8, 1981, CMU Robotics Institute. Survey, Inspection. Inspection, PCB - Survey. Survey of various techniques - expand contract and see the different areas, table lookup of patterns (difficult), spatial entropy, run lengths (most are in certain range, others are errors), FFT analysis, analysis of edge coding. The goal seems to be to try many alternatives and use results to analyze defects. BibRef 8100

Thibadeau, R.H.[Robert H.], Friedman, M.[Mark], and Seto, J.[John],
Automatic Inspection for Printed Wiring,
CMU-RI-TR-82-16, 1982, CMU Robotics Institute, Presented at the Institute for Interconnecting and Package Electronic Circuits, Fall Meeting, San Diego, CA, October 3, 1982. Inspection, PCB. An outline of the considerations for a semi-automated PCB inspection station that is being built at Westinghouse and the RI. He mentions that there are 4 other systems that have been announced by other companies for sale (Hughes, Itek, Automation Engineering, Elron). BibRef 8210

Ninomiya, T., Yoshimura, K., Nomoto, M., Nakagawa, Y.,
Automatic Printed Circuit Pattern Inspection Using Connectivity Preserving Image Reduction and Connectivity Comparison,
ICPR92(I:53-56).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef 9200

Chehdi, K., Corazza, M.,
Automatic System of Quality Control of Hybrid Circuits by Image Analysis,
ICPR92(I:433-436).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef 9200

Khotanzad, A., Banerjee, H., Srinath, M.,
A vision system for inspection of ball bonds in integrated circuits,
WACV92(290-297).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Khalaj, B.H., Aghajan, H.K., Kailath, T.,
Automated direct patterned wafer inspection,
WACV92(266-273).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Dainis, III, G.A., Ward, M.O.,
Rule-Based Inspection of Leadframes,
CVPR88(580-585).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 8800

Chapter on Implementations and Applications, Databases, QBIC, Video Analysis, Hardware and Software, Inspection continues in
Inspection -- Solder Joints, Welding, Pipes .


Last update:Oct 1, 2008 at 09:28:47