8.7.1 Active Contours, Snakes or Deformable Curves

8.7.1.1 Snakes, General Techniques and Descriptions

qsnake_demo,
2007. Code, Snakes.
HTML Version. Basic tool to play with snakes (active contour models).

Kass, M., Witkin, A.P., and Terzopoulos, D.,
Snakes: Active Contour Models,
IJCV(1), No. 4, January 1988, pp. 321-331.
WWW Version. BibRef 8801 IJCV(1), No. 4, January 1988, pp. 321-331.
WWW Version. BibRef
Earlier: ICCV87(259-268). Local properties. Much like a 2D version of the 3D symmetry seeking method. BibRef

Blake, A.[Andrew],
Introduction to Active Contours and Visual Dynamics,
Online BookJune 1999,
HTML Version. Dept. Engineering Science, University of Oxford. BibRef 9906

Cohen, L.D.,
On Active Contour Models and Balloons,
CVGIP(53), No. 2, March 1991, pp. 211-218.
WWW Version.
Postscript Version. Balloon Models. Contour expands to meet the edge, rather than straightens into a line. For 3D: See also Finite-Element Methods for Active Contour Models and Balloons for 2-D and 3-D Images. BibRef 9103

Cohen, L.D.[Laurent D.],
Etude de quelques problemes semi-lineaires paraboliques et elliptiques,
Ph.D.Thesis, Universite Paris 6, 1986. BibRef 8600

Cohen, L.D.[Laurent D.],
Etude des modeles de contours actifs et d'autres techniques de traitement d'Images,
2nd Ph.D.Thesis, Universite Paris-Sud Orsay, 1990. BibRef 9000

Xu, G., Segawa, E., Tsuji, S.,
Robust Active Contours with Insensitive Parameters,
PR(27), No. 7, July 1994, pp. 879-884.
WWW Version. BibRef 9407
Earlier:
A robust active contour model with insensitive parameters,
ICCV93(562-566).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef

Segawa, E., Xu, G., Tsuji, S.,
Minimal region extraction using expanding active contours,
ICPR92(III:688-691).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9208 BibRef

Kimia, B.B., Tannenbaum, A., Zucker, S.W.,
On the Evolution of Curves Via a Function of Curvature. I. The Classical Case,
JMAA(163), 1992, pp. 438-458. BibRef 9200

Kimia, B.B.[Benjamin B.], Brown University Tannenbaum, A.[Allen], University of Minnesota Zucker, S.W.[Steven W.], McGill University
On Optimal Control Methods in Computer Vision and Image Processing,
GDDCV94(Chapter 10). BibRef 9400

Urago, S., Zerubia, J.B., Berthod, M.,
A Markovian Model for Contour Grouping,
PR(28), No. 5, May 1995, pp. 683-693. BibRef 9505
Earlier:
WWW Version. ICPR94(A:556-558).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef

Lai, K.F., Chin, R.T.,
Deformable Contours: Modeling and Extraction,
PAMI(17), No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1084-1090.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version.
Postscript Version. BibRef 9511
Earlier: CVPR94(601-608).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
Postscript Version. BibRef

Lai, K.F., Chin, R.T.,
On Regularization, Formulation, and Initialization of the Active contour models (Snakes),
ACCV93(542-545).
Postscript Version. BibRef 9300

Lai, K.F.,
Deformable Contours: Modeling, Extraction, Detection and Classification,
Ph.D.August 1994. BibRef 9408 Univ. of Wisconsin
Postscript Version. BibRef

Pauwels, E.J.[Eric J.], Fiddelaers, P.[Peter], Van Gool, L.J.[Luc J.],
Enhancement of Planar Shape Through Optimization of Functionals for Curves,
PAMI(17), No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1101-1105.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9511
Earlier:
Shape Extraction for Curves Using Geometry-Driven Diffusion and Functional Optimization,
ICCV95(396-401).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
WWW Version. Deformable contours. BibRef

Pauwels, E.J., Fiddelaers, P., Van Gool, L.J.,
Autonomous Grouping of Contour-Segments Using an Adaptive Region-Growing Algorithm,
ICPR96(II: 586-590).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9608(ESAT, B) BibRef

Fiddelaers, P., Pauwels, E.J., Van Gool, L.J.,
Geometry-Driven Curve Evolution,
ECCV94(A:427-432).
WWW Version. BibRef 9400

Pauwels, E.J.[Eric J.], Fiddelaers, P.[Peter], Mindru, F.[Florica],
Fully unsupervised clustering using centre-surround receptive fields with applications to colour-segmentation,
CAIP97(17-24).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Pauwels, E.J.[Eric J.], Proesmans, M., Van Gool, L.J.[Luc J.], Moons, T., Oosterlinck, A.,
Segmentation and Image Enhancement Using Coupled Anisotropic Diffusion,
SPIE(2094), 1993, pp. 836-847. BibRef 9300

Wang, M., Evans, J., Hassebrook, L., Knapp, C.,
A Multistage, Optimal Active Contour Model,
IP(5), No. 11, November 1996, pp. 1586-1591.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9611 BibRef

Ngoi, K.P., Jia, J.C.,
A New Color Image Energy for Active Contours in Natural Scenes,
PRL(17), No. 12, October 25 1996, pp. 1271-1277. 9612 BibRef

Durikovic, R., Kaneda, K., and Yamashita, H.,
Dynamic Contour: A Texture Approach and Contour Operations,
VC(11), 1995, pp. 277-289. BibRef 9500

Rieger, J.H.,
Generic Evolutions of Edges on Families of Diffused Greyvalue Surfaces,
JMIV(5), No. 3, September 1995, pp. 207-217. BibRef 9509

Doyen, L.,
Mutational Equations for Shapes and Vision-Based Control,
JMIV(5), No. 2, June 1995, pp. 99-109. BibRef 9506

Wang, G.Z., Zheng, J.M.,
Bounds on the Moving Control Points of Hybrid Curves,
GMIP(59), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 19-25. 9703 BibRef

March, R., Dozio, M.,
A Variational Method for the Recovery of Smooth Boundaries,
IVC(15), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 705-712.
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Siddiqi, K.[Kaleem], Lauziere, Y.B.[Yves Berube], Tannenbaum, A.[Allen], Zucker, S.W.[Steven W.],
Area and Length Minimizing Flows for Shape Segmentation,
IP(7), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 433-443.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9803 BibRef
Earlier: CVPR97(621-627).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9704Overcome some of the problems with standard snake control. BibRef

Zucker, S.W., Siddiqi, K., and Tannenbaum, A.,
Area Minimizing Flows,
ICIP97(III: 392-395).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef 9700

Moisan, L.,
Affine Plane Curve Evolution: A Fully Consistent Scheme,
IP(7), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 411-420.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9803 BibRef

Lai, K.F., Chin, R.T.,
On Modeling, Extraction, Detection and Classification of Deformable Contours from Noisy Images,
IVC(16), No. 1, January 30 1998, pp. 55-62.
WWW Version. 9803 BibRef

Marques, J.S.,
A Link Between Image Based and Feature Based Active Contours,
SP(67), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 271-278. 9808 BibRef

Thompson, S.F.[Scott F.], Rosenfeld, A.[Azriel],
Discrete, Nonlinear Curvature-Dependent Contour Evolution,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1949-1959. BibRef 9812
Earlier:
WWW Version. UMD--TR3825, August 1997.
WWW Version.
WWW Version. BibRef

Davatzikos, C.[Christos], Prince, J.L.[Jerry L.],
Convexity Analysis of Active Contour Problems,
IVC(17), No. 1, January 1999, pp. 27-36.
WWW Version. BibRef 9901
Earlier: CVPR96(674-679).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef

Davatzikos, C., and Prince, J.L.,
Adaptive Active Contour Algorithms for Extracting and Mapping Thick Curves,
CVPR93(524-529).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9300

Shen, D.G.[Ding-Gang], Davatzikos, C.[Christos],
An Adaptive-Focus Deformable Model Using Statistical and Geometric Information,
PAMI(22), No. 8, August 2000, pp. 906-913.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0010Use an attribute vector of the region, deform contour to seek regions with similar attribute vectors. Shape at each pahse influenced by most reliable matches. See also adaptive-focus statistical shape model for segmentation and shape modeling of 3-D brain structures, An. BibRef

Davatzikos, C.[Christos], Tao, X.D.[Xiao-Dong], Shen, D.G.[Ding-Gang],
Hierarchical active shape models, using the wavelet transform,
MedImg(22), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 414-423.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0306 BibRef

Schnabel, J.A.[Julia A.], Arridge, S.R.[Simon R.],
Active Shape Focusing,
IVC(17), No. 5/6, April 1999, pp. 419-428.
WWW Version. BibRef 9904
Earlier:
Multi-Scale Active Shape Description,
ScaleSpace97(xx). 9702 BibRef

Schnabel, J.A.[Julia A.], and Arridge, S.R.[Simon R.],
Active Contour Models for Shape Description Using Multiscale Differential Invariants,
BMVC95(xx)
PDF Version. Multi-scale descriptors to allow for extracting models with high curvature points.
HTML Version. or
Postscript Version. BibRef 9500

Peckar, W.[Wladimir], Schnörr, C.[Christoph], Rohr, K.[Karl], Stiehl, H.S.[H. Siegfried],
Parameter-Free Elastic Deformation Approach for 2D and 3D Registration Using Prescribed Displacements,
JMIV(10), No. 2, March 1999, pp. 143-162.
WWW Version. BibRef 9903
Earlier:
Two-step parameter-free elastic image registration with prescribed point displacements,
CIAP97(I: 527-534).
WWW Version. 9709 BibRef

Latecki, L.J.[Longin Jan], Lakämper, R.[Rolf],
Convexity Rule for Shape Decomposition Based on Discrete Contour Evolution,
CVIU(73), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 441-454.
WWW Version. BibRef 9903

Latecki, L.J.[Longin Jan], Megalooikonomou, V.[Vasileios], Wang, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Yu, D.[Deguang],
An elastic partial shape matching technique,
PR(40), No. 11, November 2007, pp. 3069-3080.
WWW Version. 0707Shape similarity; Sequences matching; DAG; Shortest path BibRef

El Moataz, A.[Abderrahim], Schüpp, S.[Sophie], Clouard, R.[Régis], Herlin, P.[Paulette], Bloyet, D.[Daniel],
Using active contours and mathematical morphology tools for quantification of immunohistochemical images,
SP(71), No. 2, 15 December 1998, pp. 215-226. BibRef 9812

Schüpp, S., El Moataz, A., Bloyet, D.,
Discrete Approach for Active Contours for Biomedical Applications,
SCIA01(P-W3A). 0206 BibRef

Xu, C.Y.[Chen-Yang], Prince, J.L.[Jerry L.],
Generalized gradient vector flow external forces for active contours,
SP(71), No. 2, 15 December 1998, pp. 131-139. BibRef 9812
Earlier:
Gradient Vector Flow: A New External Force for Snakes,
CVPR97(66-71).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 9704 Code, Snakes. Code:
HTML Version. BibRef

Xu, C.Y., Prince, J.L.,
Snakes, Shapes, and Gradient Vector Flow,
IP(7), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 359-369.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9803 BibRef

Salden, A.H.[Alfons H.], ter Haar Romeny, B.M.[Bart M.], Viergever, M.A.[Max A.],
Linearised Euclidean Shortening Flow of Curve Geometry,
IJCV(34), No. 1, September-October 1999, pp. 29-67.
WWW Version. BibRef 9909

Davison, N.E., Eviatar, H., Somorjai, R.L.,
Snakes simplified,
PR(33), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1651-1664.
WWW Version. 0006 BibRef

Venkatesh, Y.V., Rishikesh, N.,
Self-Organizing Neural Networks Based on Spatial Isomorphism for Active Contour Modeling,
PR(33), No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1239-1250.
WWW Version. 0005 BibRef

Venkatesh, Y.V., Raja, S.K., Ramya, N.,
Multiple contour extraction from graylevel images using an artificial neural network,
IP(15), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 892-899.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0604 BibRef

Höwing, F., Dooley, L.S., Wermser, D.,
Fuzzy active contour model,
VISP(147), No. 4, 2000, pp. 323-330. 0010 BibRef

Choi, W.P.[Wai-Pak], Lam, K.M.[Kin-Man], Siu, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
An adaptive active contour model for highly irregular boundaries,
PR(34), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 323-331.
WWW Version. 0011 BibRef

Sakalli, M., Lam, K.M.[Kin-Man], Yan, H.[Hong],
A Faster Converging Snake Algorithm to Locate Object Boundaries,
IP(15), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 1182-1191.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0605 BibRef
Earlier:
Shivering greedy snakes, gradient-guided in wavelet domain,
ICIP98(II: 886-890).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9810 BibRef

Fornefett, M.[Mike], Rohr, K.[Karl], Stiehl, H.S.[H. Siegfried],
Radial basis functions with compact support for elastic registration of medical images,
IVC(19), No. 1-2, January 2001, pp. 87-96.
WWW Version. 0101 BibRef
Earlier:
Elastic Registration of Medical Images Using Radial Basis Functions with Compact Support,
CVPR99(I: 402-407).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef

Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.], Covell, M.M.[Michele M.],
Correspondence with Cumulative Similarity Transforms,
PAMI(23), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 222-227.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0102 Local image transform for tracking near occluding boundaries. Tracking mouths and hands. BibRef

Covell, M.M.[Michele M.], Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.],
Dynamic Occluding Contours: A New External-energy Term for Snakes,
CVPR99(II: 232-238).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9900

Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.],
A Radial Cumulative Similarity Transform for Robust Image Correspondence,
CVPR98(656-662).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9800

Darrell, T.J., Pentland, A.P.,
On the representation of occluded shapes,
CVPR91(728-729).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0403 BibRef

Velasco, F.A.[Fernando A.], Marroquín, J.L.[José L.],
Robust parametric active contours: the Sandwich Snakes,
MVA(12), No. 5, 2001, pp. 238-242.
HTML Version. 0103 BibRef

Velasco, F.A.[Fernando A.], Marroquin, J.L.[Jose L.],
Growing snakes: active contours for complex topologies,
PR(36), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 475-482.
WWW Version. 0211 BibRef

Park, H.W.[Hyun-Wook], Schoepflin, T., Kim, Y.M.[Yong-Min],
Active contour model with gradient directional information: Directional snake,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 252-256.
IEEE Top Reference. 0104 BibRef

Fenster, S.D.[Samuel D.], Kender, J.R.[John R.],
Sectored Snakes: Evaluating Learned-Energy Segmentations,
PAMI(23), No. 9, September 2001, pp. 1028-1034.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. 0110 BibRef
Earlier: ICCV98(420-426).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. BibRef
And: DARPA98(1193-1199). Learning appled to segmentation with user specified criteria. Learning allows it to not go to the strongest boundary. Secrots of the snake -- intensity and gradient ove equal length sectors of the snake, not globally. BibRef

Dumitras, A., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.,
Angular map-driven snakes with application to object shape description in color images,
IP(10), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 1851-1859.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0201 BibRef
Earlier:
Color Image-based Angular Map-driven Snakes,
ICIP01(I: 129-132).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0108 BibRef

Wang, Z.[Zhiqian], Ben-Arie, J.[Jezekiel],
Detection and segmentation of generic shapes based on affine modeling of energy in Eigenspace,
IP(10), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1621-1629.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0201 BibRef
Earlier:
Detection and Segmentation of Generic Shapes Based on Vectorial Affine Modeling of Energy in Eigenspace,
ICPR00(Vol III: 971-975).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009Grouping in edge maps. Shapes are affine transformed version of basic shapes (rectangles, circles). Use vectorial boundary. Detect then verify. See also Pictorial Recognition of Objects Employing Affine Invariance in the Frequency-Domain. BibRef

Wang, Z.[Zhiqian], Ben-Arie, J.[Jezekiel],
Generic Object Detection using Model Based Segmentation,
CVPR99(II: 428-433).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference.
WWW Version. BibRef 9900
Earlier:
Model based segmentation and detection of affine transformed shapes in cluttered images,
ICIP98(III: 75-79).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9810Finding generic objects (rectangles, dicrles, etc.) BibRef

Small, C.G.[Christopher G.], Le, H.[Huiling],
The statistical analysis of dynamic curves and sections,
PR(35), No. 7, July 2002, pp. 1597-1609.
WWW Version. 0204 See also Multidimensional scaling of simplex shapes. BibRef

Heo, G.[Giseon], Small, C.G.[Christopher G.],
Form representions and means for landmarks: A survey and comparative study,
CVIU(102), No. 2, May 2006, pp. 188-203.
WWW Version. Survey, Segmentation. Tomography; Invariance 0605 BibRef

Metaxas, D.N.[Dimitris N.], Kakadiaris, I.A.[Ioannis A.],
Elastically Adaptive Deformable Models,
PAMI(24), No. 10, October 2002, pp. 1310-1321.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0210 BibRef
Earlier: ECCV96(II:550-559).
WWW Version. Adapt the parameters. BibRef

Huang, R.[Rui], Pavlovic, V.[Vladimir], Metaxas, D.N.[Dimitris N.],
A Hybrid Framework for Image Segmentation Using Probabilistic Integration of Heterogeneous Constraints,
CVBIA05(82-92).
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef

Huang, R.[Rui], Pavlovic, V., Metaxas, D.N.,
A graphical model framework for coupling MRFs and deformable models,
CVPR04(II: 739-746).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0408 BibRef

Bianchi, A.G.C.[Andrea G. Campos], Dos Santos, M.F.[Marinilce F.], Britto, D.E.H.[Dânia E. Hamassaki], da Fontoura Costa, L.[Luciano],
Inferring shape evolution,
PRL(24), No. 7, April 2003, pp. 1005-1014.
HTML Version. 0301 BibRef

Wang, J.K.[Jian-Kang], Li, X.B.[Xiao-Bo],
Guiding Ziplock Snakes with a Priori Information,
IP(12), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 176-185.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0304 BibRef
Earlier: ICPR00(Vol I: 614-617).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work.
HTML Version. 0009 BibRef

Wang, S.[Song], Siskind, J.M.[Jeffrey Mark],
Image segmentation with ratio cut,
PAMI(25), No. 6, June 2003, pp. 675-690-4.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0306Ratio of corresponding sums of two different weights of edges along th ecut moundary. BibRef

Wang, S.[Song], Siskind, J.M.[Jeffrey Mark],
Image Segmentation with Minimum Mean Cut,
ICCV01(I: 517-524).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0106Minimum mean edge weight in the connected graph. BibRef

González Linares, J.M., Guil, N., Zapata, E.L.,
An efficient 2D deformable objects detection and location algorithm,
PR(36), No. 11, November 2003, pp. 2543-2556.
WWW Version. 0309 BibRef
Earlier:
Deformable Shapes Detection by Stochastic Optimization,
ICIP00(Vol I: 780-783).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0008 BibRef

Gonzalez-Mora, J.[Jose], De la Torre, F.[Fernando], Murthi, R.[Rajesh], Guil, N.[Nicolas], Zapata, E.L.[Emilio L.],
Bilinear Active Appearance Models,
NRTL07(1-8).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0710 BibRef

Wang, X.[Xun], He, L.[Lei], Tang, Y.J.[Ying-Jie], Wee, W.G.,
A divide and conquer deformable contour method with a model based searching algorithm,
SMC-B(33), No. 5, October 2003, pp. 738-751.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0310 BibRef

Wang, X.[Xun], Wee, W.G.,
A new deformable contour method,
CIAP99(430-435).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 9909 BibRef

Wang, X.[Xun], He, L.[Lei], Wee, W.G.[William G.],
Deformable Contour Method: A Constrained Optimization Approach,
IJCV(59), No. 1, August 2004, pp. 87-108.
WWW Version. 0404 BibRef
Earlier: Add A3: Han, C.Y., BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208 BibRef

Wang, X.[Xun], Gao, F.[Feng], Wee, W.G.,
Mean Field Annealing Deformable Contour Method: A Constrained Global Optimization Approach,
ICARCV06(1-8).
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0612 BibRef

Gevers, T.,
Robust Segmentation and Tracking of Colored Objects in Video,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 6, June 2004, pp. 776-781.
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0407Color based deformable model. Color constant gradients. BibRef

Gevers, T., Ghebreab, S., Smeulders, A.W.M.,
Color Invariant Snakes,
BMVC98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Bischoff, S.[Stephan], Kobbelt, L.P.[Leif P.],
Parameterization-free active contour models with topology control,
VC(20), No. 4, June 2004, pp. 217-228.
WWW Version. 0406 BibRef

Xu, Q.[Qing], Yang, J.[Jie], Ding, S.Y.[Si-Yi],
Texture Segmentation using LBP embedded Region Competition,
ELCVIA(5), No. 1, 2005, pp. 41-47.
WWW Version. 0505 BibRef

Burghardt, D.[Dirk],
Controlled Line Smoothing by Snakes,
GeoInfo(9), No. 3, September 2005, pp. 237-252.
WWW Version. 0509 BibRef

Cheng, J., Foo, S.W.,
Dynamic Directional Gradient Vector Flow for Snakes,
IP(15), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1563-1571.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0606 BibRef

Ning, J.[Jifeng], Wu, C.K.[Cheng-Ke], Liu, S.G.[Shi-Gang], Yang, S.[Shuqin],
NGVF: An improved external force field for active contour model,
PRL(28), No. 1, 1 January 2007, pp. 58-63.
WWW Version. 0611Active contour model; Gradient vector flow; GVF in the normal direction; Image interpolation BibRef

Ning, J.[Jifeng], Wu, C.K.[Cheng-Ke], Liu, S.G.[Shi-Gang], Wen, P.[Peizhi],
A New Active Contour Model: Curvature Gradient Vector Flow,
ACCV06(I:633-642).
WWW Version. 0601 BibRef

Li, H.[Hua], Yezzi, A.J.[Anthony J.],
Local or Global Minima: Flexible Dual-Front Active Contours,
PAMI(29), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 1-14.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0701 BibRef
Earlier: CVBIA05(356-366).
WWW Version. 0601Adjust global-local by adjusting the size of the active region on the contour. BibRef

Shih, F.Y.[Frank Y.], Zhang, K.[Kai],
Locating object contours in complex background using improved snakes,
CVIU(105), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 93-98.
WWW Version. 0702Snake; Active contour model; Image segmentation; Edge detection BibRef

Mio, W.[Washington], Srivastava, A.[Anuj], Joshi, S.[Shantanu],
On Shape of Plane Elastic Curves,
IJCV(73), No. 3, July 2007, pp. 307-324.
WWW Version. 0703 BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2 Only:
Elastic-string models for representation and analysis of planar shapes,
CVPR04(II: 10-15).
IEEE Abstract. IEEE Top Reference. 0408 BibRef

Ozertem, U., Erdogmus, D.,
Nonparametric Snakes,
IP(16), No. 9, September 2007, pp. 2361-2368.
IEEE DOI may work or IEEE-CS DOI may work. 0709 BibRef

Rousson, M.[Mikael], Paragios, N.[Nikos],
Prior Knowledge, Level Set Representations and Visual Grouping,
IJCV(76), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 231-243.
WWW Version. 0801 BibRef
Earlier:
Shape Priors for Level Set Representations,
ECCV02(II: 78 ff.).
HTML Version. 0205Shape driven object extraction. Shape evolution get the contour and the object pose. BibRef

Savelonas, M.A.[Michalis A.], Iakovidis, D.K.[Dimitris K.], Maroulis, D.E.[Dimitris E.],
LBP-guided active contours,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1404-1415.
WWW Version. 0711 BibRef
Earlier:
Bimodal Texture Segmentation with the Lee-Seo Model,
ICIAR07(246-253).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef
Earlier:
An LBP-Based Active Contour Algorithm for Unsupervised Texture Segmentation,
ICPR06(II: 279-282).
WWW Version. 0609LBP: Local binary patterns; Texture segmentation; Active contours BibRef

Keramidas, E.G.[Eystratios G.], Iakovidis, D.K.[Dimitris K.], Maroulis, D.E.[Dimitris E.], Karkanis, S.A.[Stavros A.],
Efficient and Effective Ultrasound Image Analysis Scheme for Thyroid Nodule Detection,
ICIAR07(1052-1060).
WWW Version. 0708 BibRef

Savelonas, M.A.[Michalis A.], Iakovidis, D.K.[Dimitris K.], Maroulis, D.E.[Dimitris E.], Karkanis, S.A.[Stavros A.],
An Active Contour Model Guided by LBP Distributions,
ACIVS06(197-207).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef
And: A2, A1, A4, A3:
Segmentation of Medical Images with Regional Inhomogeneities,
ICPR06(III: 976-979).
WWW Version. 0609 BibRef

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ICPR88(II: 894-896).
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Chapter on 2-D Region Segmentation Techniques, Snakes, Active Contours continues in
Snakes, Region Segmentation Issues .