11.14.4.5 Face Animation, Video Face Synthesis

Luxland,
2001.
WWW Version. Vendor, Face Models. Morph one face into another, create avatars, etc. A face development tool kit.

BigStage,
2008.
WWW Version. Vendor, Face Models. From 3 pictures, generate 3-D face models, Avatars.

Gillenson, M.L., Chandrasekaran, B.,
A heuristic strategy for developing human facial images on a CRT,
PR(7), No. 4, December 1975, pp. 187-196.
WWW Version. 0309
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Welsh, W.J.[William J.], Fenn, B.A.[Brian A.], Challener, P.[Paul],
Image encoding and synthesis,
US_Patent4,841,575, Jun 20, 1989
WWW Version. Lip shapes BibRef 8906

Terzopoulos, D., and Waters, K.,
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models,
PAMI(15), No. 6, June 1993, pp. 569-579.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. BibRef 9306
Earlier:
Analysis of facial images using physical and anatomical models,
ICCV90(727-732).
IEEE DOI Link Face Recognition. BibRef

Waters, K., and Terzopoulos, D.,
Modeling and Animating Faces Using Scanned Data,
JVCA(2), 1991, pp. 123-128. BibRef 9100

Li, H., Roivainen, P., and Forchheimer, R.,
3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding,
PAMI(15), No. 6, June 1993, pp. 545-555.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. Coding for transmission and reconstruction of face images. BibRef 9306

Aizawa, K., Harashima, H., Saito, T.,
Model-Based Analysis-Synthesis Image Coding (MBASIC) System for a Person's Face,
SP:IC(1), No. 2, October 1990, pp. 139-152.
WWW Version. 0001
Image coding; facial modeling; facial action coding system; model-based image synthesis; model-based analysis synthesis coding BibRef

Choi, C.S.[Chang Seek], Aizawa, K., Harashima, H., Takebe, T.,
Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences in model-based image coding,
CirSysVideo(4), No. 3, June 1994, pp. 257-275.
IEEE Top Reference. 0206
BibRef

Chandrasiri, N.P., Naemura, T., Harashima, H.,
Interactive analysis and synthesis of facial expressions based on personal facial expression space,
AFGR04(105-110).
IEEE Abstract. 0411
BibRef

Park, M.C.[Min Chul], Chandrasiri, N.P., Naemura, T.[Takeshi], Kaneko, M.[Masahide], Harashima, H.[Hiroshi],
Analysis and synthesis of 3-D face image sequence based on model-based image coding scheme with an Internet browser,
ICIP99(IV:207-211).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef 9900

Arai, K., Kurihara, T., and Anjyo, K.,
Bilinear Interpolation for Facial Expression and Metamorphosis in Real-Time Animation,
VC(12), 1996, pp. 105-116. BibRef 9600

Lei, Y.W.[Yuong-Wei], Wu, J.L.[Ja-Ling], Ouhyoung, M.[Ming],
A three-dimensional muscle-based facial expression synthesizer for model-based image coding,
SP:IC(8), No. 4, May 1996, pp. 353-363.
WWW Version. BibRef 9605

Lee, M.C., Chen, W.G., Lin, C.L.B., Gu, C., Markoc, T., Zabinsky, S.I., Szeliski, R.S.,
A Layered Video Object Coding System Using Sprite and Affine Motion Model,
CirSysVideo(7), No. 1, February 1997, pp. 130-145.
IEEE Top Reference. 9703
BibRef

Smolic, A., Makai, B., Sikora, T.,
Real-Time Estimation of Long-Term 3-D Motion Parameters for SNHC Face Animation and Model-Based Coding Applications,
CirSysVideo(9), No. 2, March 1999, pp. 255.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9903

Smolic, A., Sikora, T., Ohm, J.R.,
Long-term global motion estimation and its application for sprite coding, content description, and segmentation,
CirSysVideo(9), No. 8, December 1999, pp. 1227-1242.
IEEE Abstract. 0410
BibRef

Abrantes, G.A., Pereira, F.,
MPEG-4 Facial Animation Technology: Survey, Implementation, and Results,
CirSysVideo(9), No. 2, March 1999, pp. 290.
IEEE Top Reference. Survey, Face Animation. BibRef 9903

Fua, P., Miccio, C.,
Animated Heads from Ordinary Images: A Least-Squares Approach,
CVIU(75), No. 3, September 1999, pp. 247-259.
WWW Version. BibRef 9909
Earlier:
From regular images to animated heads: A least squares approach,
ECCV98(I: 188).
WWW Version. BibRef

Koufakis, I., Buxton, B.F.,
Very low bit rate face video compression using linear combination of 2D face views and principal components analysis,
IVC(17), No. 14, 17 November 1999, pp. 1031-1051.
WWW Version. 9911
BibRef

Ahlberg, J., Li, H.,
Representing and Compressing Facial Animation Parameters Using Facial Action Basis Functions,
CirSysVideo(9), No. 4, April 1999, pp. 405.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9904

Lee, W.S., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.,
Fast head modeling for animation,
IVC(18), No. 4, March 2000, pp. 355-364.
WWW Version. 0003
BibRef
Earlier:
Generating a Population of Animated Faces from Pictures,
MPeople99(xx-yy). BibRef

Kshirsagar, S.[Sumedha], Garchery, S.[Stephane], Sannier, G.[Gael], Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia],
Synthetic faces: Analysis and applications,
IJIST(13), No. 1, 2003, pp. 65-73.
WWW Version. 0308
BibRef

Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia], Thalmann, D.[Daniel],
Deformable Avatars,
KluwerAugust 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7446-0.
WWW Version. BibRef 0108

Lavagetto, F., Pandzic, I.S., Kalra, F., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia],
Synthetic and hybrid imaging in the HUMANOID and VIDAS projects,
ICIP96(III: 663-666).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

di Giacomo, T.[Thomas], Kim, H.S.[Hyung-Seok], Moccozet, L.[Laurent], Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia],
Control Structure and Multi-Resolution Techniques for Virtual Human Representation,
ShapeAnalysis08(8). 0802
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Chaudhuri, P.[Parag], Papagiannakis, G.[George], Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia],
Self adaptive animation based on user perspective,
VC(24), No. 7-9, July 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0804
BibRef

Magnenat-Thalmann, N.[Nadia], Seo, H.W.[Hye-Won],
Data-driven approaches to digital human modeling,
3DPVT04(380-387).
IEEE Abstract. 0412
BibRef

Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Seo, H.W.[Hye-Won], Cordier, F.,
Automatic modeling of animatable virtual humans: A survey,
3DIM03(2-10).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
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Grammalidis, N., Beletsiotis, D., Strintzis, M.G.[Michael G.],
Sprite Generation and Coding in Multiview Image Sequences,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 2, March 2000, pp. 302.
IEEE Top Reference. 0003
BibRef
Earlier:
Sprite generation and coding of multiview image sequences,
CIAP99(95-100).
IEEE DOI Link 9909
BibRef
Earlier:
Multiview Sprite Generation and Coding,
ICIP99(II:477-481).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef

Aubel, A., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D.,
Real-Time Display of Virtual Humans: Levels of Details and Impostors,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 2, March 2000, pp. 207.
IEEE Top Reference. 0003
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Lavagetto, F.[Fabio], Pockaj, R.[Roberto],
An efficient use of MPEG-4 FAP interpolation for facial animation at 70 bits/frame,
CirSysVideo(11), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1085-1097.
IEEE Top Reference. 0110
Videoconference. BibRef

Eisert, P.[Peter], Wiegand, T.[Thomas], Girod, B.[Bernd],
Model-Aided Coding: A New Approach to Incorporate Facial Animation into Motion-Compensated Video Coding,
CirSysVideo(10), No. 3, April 2000, pp. 344-358.
IEEE Top Reference. 0004
BibRef
Earlier:
Rate-Distortion-Efficient Video Compression Using a 3-D Head Model,
ICIP99(IV:217-221).
IEEE Abstract. See also Rate-Constrained Multihypothesis Prediction for Motion-Compensated Video Compression. BibRef

Eisert, P., Wiegand, T.,
Model-aided Coding: Using 3-D Scene Models in Motion-compensated Video Coding,
ICIP00(Vol III: 138-141).
IEEE Abstract. 0008
BibRef

Eisert, P.[Peter],
MPEG-4 facial animation in video analysis and synthesis,
IJIST(13), No. 5, 2003, pp. 245-256.
WWW Version. 0312
BibRef

Eisert, P.[Peter], Rurainsky, J.[Jürgen],
Geometry-assisted image-based rendering for facial analysis and synthesis,
SP:IC(21), No. 6, July 2006, pp. 493-505.
WWW Version. 0606
Facial animation; Image-based rendering; Model-based coding; Face tracking; 3-D image analysis and synthesis BibRef

Antoszczyszyn, P.M.[Paul M.], Hannah, J.M.[John M.], Grant, P.M.[Peter M.],
Reliable Tracking of Facial Features in Semantic-Based Video Coding,
VISP(145), No. 4, August 1998, pp. 257-263. 9810
BibRef

Antoszczyszyn, P.M.[Paul M.], Hannah, J.M.[John M.], Grant, P.M.[Peter M.],
Tracking of the Motion of Important Facial Features in Model-Based Coding,
SP(66), No. 2, April 1998, pp. 249-260. 9807
BibRef

Antoszczyszyn, P.M.[Paul M.], Hannah, J.M.[John M.], Grant, P.M.[Peter M.],
A new approach to wire-frame tracking for semantic model-based moving image coding,
SP:IC(15), No. 6, March 2000, pp. 567-580.
WWW Version. 0002
BibRef
Earlier:
A Comparison of Detailed Automatic Wire-Frame Fitting Methods,
ICIP97(I: 468-471).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Antoszczyszyn, P.M., Hannah, J.M., Grant, P.M.,
Facial Motion Analysis for Content-based Video Coding,
RealTimeImg(6), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 3-16. 0003
BibRef
Earlier:
Accurate Automatic Frame Fitting for Semantic-Based Moving Image Coding Using a Facial Code-Book,
ICIP96(I: 689-692).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Sengupta, S., Hannah, J.M., Grant, P.M.,
Enhancing Selected Facial Features in Very Low Bit-rate Video Sequences,
ICIP01(I: 485-488).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
BibRef

Shaw, C.D.[Christopher D.], Wilson, O.[Orion],
Method and apparatus for controlling transformation of two and three-dimensional images,
US_Patent6,147,692, Nov 14, 2000
WWW Version. morphing one face to another BibRef 0011

Yin, L.J.[Li-Jun], Basu, A.[Anup], Bernögger, S.[Stefan], Pinz, A.J.[Axel J.],
Synthesizing realistic facial animations using energy minimization for model-based coding,
PR(34), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 2201-2213.
WWW Version. 0108
BibRef

Yin, L.J.[Li-Jun], Basu, A.[Anup],
Generating Realistic Facial Expressions with Wrinkles for Model-Based Coding,
CVIU(84), No. 2, November 2001, pp. 201-240.
WWW Version. 0203
BibRef

Huang, D.[Ding], Yan, H.[Hong],
Modeling and animation of human expressions using NURBS curves based on facial anatomy,
SP:IC(17), No. 6, July 2002, pp. 457-465.
WWW Version. 0206
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Huang, D.[Ding], Yan, H.[Hong],
Modeling of deformation using NURBS curves as controller,
SP:IC(18), No. 6, July 2003, pp. 419-425.
WWW Version. 0306
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Karunaratne, S.[Savant], Yan, H.[Hong],
Modelling and combining emotions, visual speech and gestures in virtual head models,
SP:IC(21), No. 5, June 2006, pp. 429-449.
WWW Version. Emotion-viseme-gesture blending; Psychology-based modelling; Facial animation 0606
BibRef

Pighin, F.[Frdéric], Szeliski, R.S.[Richard S.], Salesin, D.H.[David H.],
Modeling and Animating Realistic Faces from Images,
IJCV(50), No. 2, November 2002, pp. 143-169.
WWW Version. 0210
BibRef
Earlier:
Resynthesizing Facial Animation through 3D Model-based Tracking,
ICCV99(143-150).
IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Bonamico, C., Costa, M., Lavagetto, F., Pockaj, R.,
Real-time MPEG-4 facial animation with 3D scalable meshes,
SP:IC(17), No. 9, October 2002, pp. 743-757.
WWW Version. 0211
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Lavagetto, F.,
Emotional Representation and Animation of 3d Facial Models: The Interface Approach,
ICIP01(II: 594-597).
IEEE Abstract. 0108
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Raouzaiou, A.[Amaryllis], Tsapatsoulis, N.[Nicolas], Karpouzis, K.[Kostas], Kollias, S.D.[Stefanos D.],
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Du, Y.[Yangzhou], Lin, X.Y.[Xue-Yin],
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PRL(23), No. 14, December 2002, pp. 1875-1885.
HTML Version. 0208
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Du, Y.[Yangzhou], Lin, X.Y.[Xue-Yin],
Emotional facial expression model building,
PRL(24), No. 16, December 2003, pp. 2923-2934.
WWW Version. 0310
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Buddemeier, U.F.[Ulrich F.], Derlich, K.M.[Karin M.], Neven, H.[Hartmut],
Method for mapping facial animation values to head mesh positions,
US_Patent6,853,379, Feb 8, 2005
WWW Version. BibRef 0502
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Paetzold, F.[Frank], Buddemeier, U.F.[Ulrich F.], Dzhurinskiy, Y.V.[Yevgeniy V.], Derlich, K.M.[Karin M.], Neven, H.[Hartmut],
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WWW Version. BibRef 0509

Ho, R.[Randall], Westwood, D.[David], Stewartson, J.[James], Nocera, L.P.A.[Luciano Pasquale Agostino], Buddemeier, U.F.[Ulrich F.], Lutter, G.P.L.[Gregory Patrick Lane], Neven, H.[Hartmut],
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WWW Version. BibRef 0605

Zhou, C.[Chuan], Lin, X.Y.[Xue-Yin],
Facial expressional image synthesis controlled by emotional parameters,
PRL(26), No. 16, December 2005, pp. 2611-2627.
WWW Version. 0512
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Ma, G.[Gengyu], Lin, X.Y.[Xue-Yin],
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CVHCI04(60-71).
WWW Version. 0505
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IEEE Abstract. 0411
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Preda, M.[Marius], Preteux, F.[Françoise],
Insights into low-level avatar animation and MPEG-4 standardization,
SP:IC(17), No. 9, October 2002, pp. 717-741.
WWW Version. 0211
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Advanced animation framework for virtual character within the MPEG-4 standard,
ICIP02(III: 509-512).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
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Preda, M., Preteux, F.,
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CirSysVideo(14), No. 7, July 2004, pp. 975-988.
IEEE Abstract. 0407
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Critic review on MPEG-4 face and body animation,
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WWW Version. 0308
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Zhang, Y., Sung, E., Prakash, E.C.,
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3DIM01(399-406).
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Ahlberg, J.[Jörgen], Forchheimer, R.[Robert],
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IJIST(13), No. 1, 2003, pp. 8-22.
WWW Version. 0308
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Hutton, T.J., Buxton, B.F., Hammond, P., Potts, H.W.W.,
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MedImg(22), No. 6, June 2003, pp. 747-753.
IEEE Abstract. 0308
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IJCV(58), No. 2, July 2004, pp. 93-119.
WWW Version. 0403
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Cloning Your Own Face with a Desktop Camera,
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IEEE DOI Link 0106
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Liu, Z.C.[Zi-Cheng], Zhang, Z.Y.[Zheng-You], Cohen, M.F.[Michael F.], Jacobs, C.E.[Charles E.],
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Fast Unsupervised Greedy Learning of Multiple Objects and Parts from Video,
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