25.2.8 Detection and Correction of Document Skew, and other Distortions

Chevillat, P.[Pierre], Schindler, H.R.[Hans R.],
Arrangement for determining the optimum scan angle for printed documents,
US_Patent4,338,588, Jul 6, 1982
WWW Link. BibRef 8207

Baird, H.S.,
The Skew Angle of Printed Documents,
SPSE(40), 1987, pp. 21-24. BibRef 8700

Schlang, A.[Arthur],
Text line bounding system,
US_Patent4,558,461, Dec 10, 1985
WWW Link. Adjust for skew. BibRef 8512

Barski, L.L.[Lori L.],
Skew detector for digital image processing system,
US_Patent4,866,784, Sep 12, 1989
WWW Link. BibRef 8909

Tsujimoto, S.[Shuichi], Asada, H.[Haruo],
Image inclination detecting method and apparatus,
US_Patent4,878,124, Oct 31, 1989
WWW Link. BibRef 8910

Britt, R.H.[Ronald H.],
Optical character reader with skew recognition,
US_Patent4,941,189, Jul 10, 1990
WWW Link. BibRef 9007

Kurose, M.[Morisumi],
Document image processing system,
US_Patent4,953,230, Aug 28, 1990
WWW Link. Skew correction. BibRef 9008

Baird, H.S.[Henry S.],
Apparatus and method for skew control of document images,
US_Patent5,001,766, March 19, 1991.
WWW Link. BibRef 9103

Nakayama, H.[Hiroshi], Kojima, K.[Keiji], Sato, G.[Gen],
Method of segmenting characters in lines which may be skewed, for allowing improved optical character recognition,
US_Patent5,062,141, October 29, 1991.
WWW Link. BibRef 9110

Ikehira, K.[Kimimasa],
Image processing system having skew correcting means,
US_Patent5,093,653, Mar 3, 1992
WWW Link. BibRef 9203

Katsurada, M.[Morihiro], Shimonaga, S.[Sadaaki],
Facsimile device with skew correction and text line direction detection,
US_Patent5,191,438, Mar 2, 1993
WWW Link. BibRef 9303

Yan, H.[Hong],
Skew Correction of Document Images Using Interline Cross-Correlation,
GMIP(55), No. 6, November 1993, pp. 538-543. BibRef 9311

Guerfali, W.[Wacef], Plamondon, R.[Réjean],
Normalizing and Restoring On-Line Handwriting,
PR(26), No. 3, March 1993, pp. 419-431.
Elsevier DOI Skew correction. First correct skew then slant. BibRef 9303

Le, D.S.[Daniel S.], Thoma, G.R.[George R.], Wechsler, H.[Harry],
Automated Page Orientation and Skew Angle Detection for Binary Document Images,
PR(27), No. 10, October 1994, pp. 1325-1344.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9410

Cullen, J.F.[John F.], Ejiri, K.[Koichi],
Skew detection and correction of a document image representation,
US_Patent5,452,374, Sep 19, 1995
WWW Link. BibRef 9509
And: US_Patent5,854,854, Dec 29, 1998
WWW Link. BibRef

Yu, B.[Bin], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
A Robust and Fast Skew Detection Algorithm for Generic Documents,
PR(29), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1599-1629.
Elsevier DOI Skew Detection. Hough Transform. BibRef 9610

Pal, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
An Improved Document Skew Angle Estimation Technique,
PRL(17), No. 8, July 1 1996, pp. 899-904. 9608
BibRef

Chaudhuri, B.B., Pal, U.,
Skew Angle Detection of Digitized Indian Script Documents,
PAMI(19), No. 2, February 1997, pp. 182-186.
IEEE DOI 9703
Applied to Devnagari and Bangla scripts. Both of these have a "head line" which enable finding digital straight lines which should be horizontal. BibRef

Pal, U., Mitra, M., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Multi-skew detection of Indian script documents,
ICDAR01(292-296).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Kawanaka, S.[Seido], Yoshikawa, M.[Mituo], Naito, H.[Hiroyoshi],
Method for detecting inclination of an image of characters,
US_Patent5,546,479, Aug 13, 1996
WWW Link. BibRef 9608

Avanindra, Chaudhuri, S.,
Robust Defection Of Skew In Document Images,
IP(6), No. 2, February 1997, pp. 344-349.
IEEE DOI 9703
BibRef

Gatos, B., Papamarkos, N., Chamzas, C.,
Skew Detection and Text Line-Position Determination in Digitized Documents,
PR(30), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 1505-1519.
Elsevier DOI 9708
BibRef

Amin, A., Fischer, S., Parkinson, A.F., Shiu, R.,
Comparative-Study of Skew Detection Algorithms,
JEI(5), No. 4, October 1996, pp. 443-451. 9709
BibRef

Jiang, H.F., Han, C.C., Fan, K.C.,
A Fast Approach to the Detection and Correction of Skew Documents,
PRL(18), No. 7, July 1997, pp. 675-686. 9711
BibRef

Jiang, H.F., Han, C.C., Fan, K.C.,
A Fast Approach to Detect and Correct Skew Documents,
ICPR96(III: 742-746).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Academia Sinica, ROC) BibRef

Ishitani, Y.[Yasuto],
Document skew detection/control system for printed document images containing a mixture of pure text lines and non-text portions,
US_Patent5,506,918, April 9, 1996.
WWW Link. BibRef 9604

Fast, B.B.[Bruce B.], Allen, D.R.[Dana R.],
OCR image pre-processor for detecting and reducing skew of the image of textual matter of a scanned document,
US_Patent5,594,817, Jan 14, 1997
WWW Link. BibRef 9701

Kanai, J.[Junichi], and Bagdanov, A.D.[Andrew D.],
Projection Profile Based Skew Estimation,
IJDAR(1), No. 1, Spring 1998, pp. xx-yy. BibRef 9800
Earlier: A2, A1:
Projection Profile Based Skew Estimation Algorithm for JPEG Compressed Images,
ICDAR97(401-405).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Spitz, A.L.[A. Lawrence],
Determination of image skew angle from data including data in compressed form,
US_Patent5,245,676, Sep 14, 1993
WWW Link. BibRef 9309
Earlier:
Skew Angle Determination in Group 4 Compressed Document Images,
SDAIR92(11-25). BibRef

Spitz, A.L.[A. Lawrence],
Correcting for variable skew in document images,
IJDAR(6), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 192-200.
Springer DOI 0406
BibRef
Earlier:
Correcting for Variable Skew,
DAS02(179 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Gross, A.D.[Ari D.], Latecki, L.J.[Longin Jan],
Digital geometric methods in document image analysis,
PR(32), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 407-424.
Elsevier DOI
See also Modelling Digital Straight Lines.
See also Digitizations Preserving Topological and Differential Geometric-Properties. BibRef 9903

Hu, D.L.[Dong-Liang], Qi, F.H.[Fei-Hu], Liu, J.F.[Jian-Feng],
Recognition of objects with skew distortion based on synergetics,
PRL(20), No. 3, March 1999, pp. 255-265. BibRef 9903

Messelodi, S., Modena, C.M.,
Automatic identification and skew estimation of text lines in real scene images,
PR(32), No. 5, May 1999, pp. 791-810.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9905

Farrow, G.S.D., Ireton, M.A., Xydeas, C.S.,
Detecting the skew angle in document images,
SP:IC(6), No. 2, May 1994, pp. 101-114.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9405

Safari, R., Narasimhamurthi, N., Shridhar, M., Ahmadi, M.,
Document Registration Using Projective Geometry,
IP(6), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 1337-1341.
IEEE DOI 9709
BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Extracting Curved Text Lines Using Local Linearity of Text Line,
IJDAR(2), No. 2/3, 1999, pp. 111-119. 9912
BibRef
And:
An Algorithm for Reducing Text Line Candidates of Incorrect Orientation,
MVA98(xx-yy). BibRef
And:
A Framework for Detecting and Selecting Text Line Candidates of Correct Orientation,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1074-1076).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Okun, O.[Oleg], Pietikäinen, M.[Matti], Sauvola, J.[Jaakko],
Document skew estimation without angle range restriction,
IJDAR(2), No. 2/3, 1999, pp. 132-144. 9912
BibRef

Okun, O.[Oleg], Pietikäinen, M.[Matti], Sauvola, J.[Jaakko],
Robust Document Skew Detection Based on Line Extraction,
SCIA99(Pattern Recognition II). BibRef 9900

Chen, Y.K.[Yi-Kai], Wang, J.F.[Jhing-Fa],
Skew detection and reconstruction based on maximization of variance of transition-counts,
PR(33), No. 2, February 2000, pp. 195-208.
Elsevier DOI 0001
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Skew angle estimation in document processing using Cohen's class distributions,
PRL(20), No. 11-13, November 1999, pp. 1305-1311. 0001
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
A slant removal algorithm,
PR(33), No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1261-1262.
Elsevier DOI 0005
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Skew angle estimation for printed and handwritten documents using the Wigner-Ville distribution,
IVC(20), No. 11, September 2002, pp. 813-824.
Elsevier DOI 0209
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
Slant estimation algorithm for OCR systems,
PR(34), No. 12, December 2001, pp. 2515-2522.
Elsevier DOI 0110
BibRef

Liolios, N., Fakotakis, N., Kokkinakis, G.,
On the generalization of the form identification and skew detection problem,
PR(35), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 253-264.
Elsevier DOI 0111
BibRef
Earlier:
Improved Document Skew Detection Based on Text Line Connected-component Clustering,
ICIP01(I: 1098-1101).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Balcan, D.C., Popa, M.F., Fakotakis, N.,
Handwritten Text Localization in Skewed Documents,
ICIP01(I: 1102-1105).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Caprari, R.S.[Robert S.],
Algorithm for text page up/down orientation determination,
PRL(21), No. 3, March 2000, pp. 311-317. 0004
BibRef

Amin, A., Fischer, S.,
A Document Skew Detection Method Using the Hough Transform,
PAA(3), No. 3 2000, pp. 243-253. 0010
BibRef

Amin, A., Wu, S.,
Robust skew detection in mixed text/graphics documents,
ICDAR05(I: 247-251).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Slavík, P.[Petr], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Equivalence of Different Methods for Slant and Skew Corrections in Word Recognition Applications,
PAMI(23), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 323-326.
IEEE DOI 0103
Correct skew by rotation then slant by shear in horizontal is equivalent to first slant by shear in horizontal then skew by shear in bertical. BibRef

Yin, P.Y.,
Skew detection and block classification of printed documents,
IVC(19), No. 8, May 2001, pp. 567-579.
Elsevier DOI 0106
BibRef

Kwag, H.K., Kim, S.H., Jeong, S.H., Lee, G.S.,
Efficient skew estimation and correction algorithm for document images,
IVC(20), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 25-35.
Elsevier DOI 0201
BibRef

Das, A.K., Chanda, B.,
A fast algorithm for skew detection of document images using morphology,
IJDAR(4), No. 2 2001, pp. 109-114.
Springer DOI 0201
BibRef

Au, K.M.[Ka Man], Zhu, Z.X.[Zaio-Xun],
Skew processing of raster scan images,
US_Patent6,490,376, Dec 3, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0212

Cao, Y.[Yang], Wang, S.H.[Shu-Hua], Li, H.[Heng],
Skew detection and correction in document images based on straight-line fitting,
PRL(24), No. 12, August 2003, pp. 1871-1879.
Elsevier DOI 0304
BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yue], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A nearest-neighbor chain based approach to skew estimation in document images,
PRL(24), No. 14, October 2003, pp. 2315-2323.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef
Earlier:
Improved nearest neighbor based approach to accurate document skew estimation,
ICDAR03(503-507).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Yuan, B.[Bo], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Fiducial line based skew estimation,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2333-2350.
Elsevier DOI 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Skew estimation for scanned documents from 'noises',
ICDAR05(I: 277-281).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef
Earlier:
Skewscope : the textual document skew detector,
ICDAR03(49-53).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Yuan, B.[Bo], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Convex hull based skew estimation,
PR(40), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 456-475.
Elsevier DOI 0611
Component grouping; Page segmentation; Convex hulls; Segregation effect;
See also Restoring Warped Document Images through 3D Shape Modeling. BibRef

Navon, Y.[Yaakov],
Skew detection of text in a noisy digitized image,
US_Patent6,687,421, February 3, 2004.
WWW Link. BibRef 0402

Lu, H., Kot, A.C., Shi, Y.Q.,
Distance-Reciprocal Distortion Measure for Binary Document Images,
SPLetters(11), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 228-231.
IEEE Abstract. 0402
Distortion measure for images. BibRef

Cheng, J., Kot, A.C.,
Objective Distortion Measure for Binary Text Image Based on Edge Line Segment Similarity,
IP(16), No. 6, June 2007, pp. 1691-1695.
IEEE DOI 0706
BibRef

Lu, H.P.[Hai-Ping], Wang, J.[Jian], Kot, A.C., Shi, Y.Q.,
An objective distortion measure for binary document images based on human visual perception,
ICPR02(IV: 239-242).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Brown, M.S.[Michael S.], Seales, W.B.[W. Brent],
Image Restoration of Arbitrarily Warped Documents,
PAMI(26), No. 10, October 2004, pp. 1295-1306.
IEEE Abstract. 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Document Restoration Using 3D Shape: A General Deskewing Algorithm for Arbitrarily Warped Documents,
ICCV01(II: 367-374).
IEEE DOI 0106
Acquire and flatten the 3-D shape then apply that to the document. Avoid damage to documents in copying. BibRef

Kapoor, R.[Rajiv], Bagai, D.[Deepak], Kamal, T.S.,
A new algorithm for skew detection and correction,
PRL(25), No. 11, August 2004, pp. 1215-1229.
Elsevier DOI 0409
BibRef

Tonazzini, A.[Anna], Bedini, L.[Luigi], Salerno, E.[Emanuele],
Independent component analysis for document restoration,
IJDAR(7), No. 1, March 2004, pp. 17-27.
Springer DOI 0410
BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Chen, B.M.[Ben M.], Ko, C.C.,
Perspective rectification of document images using fuzzy set and morphological operations,
IVC(23), No. 5, 1 May 2005, pp. 541-553.
Elsevier DOI 0501
BibRef
Earlier:
Document image rectification using fuzzy sets and morphological operators,
ICIP04(V: 2877-2880).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Myers, G.K.[Gregory K.], Bolles, R.C.[Robert C.], Luong, Q.T.[Quang-Tuan], Herson, J.A.[James A.], Aradhye, H.B.[Hrishikesh B.],
Rectification and recognition of text in 3-D scenes,
IJDAR(7), No. 2-3, July 2005, pp. 147-158.
Springer DOI 0508
BibRef

Aradhye, H.B.[Hrishikesh B.],
A generic method for determining up/down orientation of text in Roman and non-Roman scripts,
PR(38), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 2114-2131.
Elsevier DOI 0509
BibRef
Earlier:
A generic method for determining the up/down orientation of text in Roman and non-Roman scripts,
ICDAR05(I: 187-191).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Yamaguchi, T.[Takuma], Maruyama, M.[Minoru], Miyao, H.[Hidetoshi], Nakano, Y.[Yasuaki],
Digit recognition in a natural scene with skew and slant normalization,
IJDAR(7), No. 2-3, July 2005, pp. 168-177.
Springer DOI 0508
BibRef

Park, J.H., Jang, I.H., Kim, N.C.,
Skew correction of business card images acquired in PDA,
VISP(152), No. 6, December 2005, pp. 668-676.
DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Shin, K.T., Jang, I.H., Kim, N.C.,
Block adaptive binarisation of ill-conditioned business card images acquired in a PDA using a modified quadratic filter,
IET-IPR(1), No. 1, March 2007, pp. 56-66.
DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Aradhya, V.N.M.[V. N. Manjunath], Hemantha Kumar, G., Shivakumara, P.,
A Novel Skew Detection Technique for Binary Document Images Based on Character Centroid And Lra,
GVIP(05), No. V9, 2005, pp. xx-yy.
HTML Version. BibRef 0500

Shivakumara, P., Hemantha Kumar, G.,
A novel boundary growing approach for accurate skew estimation of binary document images,
PRL(27), No. 7, May 2006, pp. 791-801.
Elsevier DOI 0604
Boundary growing; Linear regression analysis BibRef

Shivakumara, P., Hemantha Kumar, G., Varsha, H.S., Rekha, S., Rashmi Nayaka, M.R.,
A new moments based skew estimation technique using pixels in the word for binary document images,
ICDAR05(I: 151-156).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Vasudev, T., Hemanth Kumar, G., Nagabhushan, P.,
Transformation of arc-form-text to linear-form-text suitable for OCR,
PRL(28), No. 16, December 2007, pp. 2343-2351.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Artistic-text; Arc-form-text; Linear-form-text; Tilt deformation; OCR More than skew. BibRef

Brown, M.S., Tsoi, Y.C.[Yau-Chat],
Geometric and Shading Correction for Images of Printed Materials Using Boundary,
IP(15), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1544-1554.
IEEE DOI 0606
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Geometric and shading correction for images of printed materials a unified approach using boundary,
CVPR04(I: 240-246).
IEEE DOI 0408
BibRef

Brown, M.S.[Michael S.], Tsoi, Y.C.[Yau-Chat],
Distortion Removal For Camera-imaged Print Materials Using Boundary Interpolation,
IJIG(5), No. 2, April 2005, pp. 311-328. 0504
BibRef

Tsoi, Y.C.[Yau-Chat], Brown, M.S.[Michael S.],
Multi-View Document Rectification using Boundary,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0706
BibRef

Hutchison, L.A.D.[Luke A. D.], Barrett, W.A.[William A.],
Fourier-Mellin registration of line-delineated tabular document images,
IJDAR(8), No. 2-3, June 2006, pp. 87-110.
Springer DOI 0606
BibRef
And:
Fast registration of tabular document images using the Fourier-Mellin transform,
DIAL04(253-267).
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef

Chou, C.H.[Chien-Hsing], Chu, S.Y.[Shih-Yu], Chang, F.[Fu],
Estimation of skew angles for scanned documents based on piecewise covering by parallelograms,
PR(40), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 443-455.
Elsevier DOI 0611
Piecewise covering; Skew angle; Skew angle estimation BibRef

Li, S.T.[Shu-Tao], Shen, Q.H.[Qing-Hua], Sun, J.[Jun],
Skew detection using wavelet decomposition and projection profile analysis,
PRL(28), No. 5, 1 April 2007, pp. 555-562.
Elsevier DOI 0703
Skew detection; Document analysis; Projection profile analysis; Wavelet transform BibRef

Basu, S., Chaudhuri, C., Kundu, M., Nasipuri, M., Basu, D.K.,
Text line extraction from multi-skewed handwritten documents,
PR(40), No. 6, June 2007, pp. 1825-1839.
Elsevier DOI 0704
OCR; Multi-skewed documents; Text line extraction; Connected component labelling; Skew angle detection; Touching line segmentation BibRef

Khandelwal, A.[Abhishek], Choudhury, P.[Pritha], Sarkar, R.[Ram], Basu, S.[Subhadip], Nasipuri, M.[Mita], Das, N.[Nibaran],
Text Line Segmentation for Unconstrained Handwritten Document Images Using Neighborhood Connected Component Analysis,
PReMI09(369-374).
Springer DOI 0912
BibRef

Mollah, A.F.[Ayatullah Faruk], Basu, S.[Subhadip], Nasipuri, M.[Mita],
Handheld Device-Based Character Recognition System for Camera Captured Images,
IJIG(13), No. 04, 2013, pp. 1350016.
DOI Link 1404
BibRef

Wiart, A.[Alain], Paquet, T.[Thierry], Heutte, L.[Laurent],
Detection and recognition of erasures in on-line captured paper forms,
PRL(28), No. 10, 15 July 2007, pp. 1263-1270.
Elsevier DOI 0706
Erasure detection; Erasure characterization; On-line recognition; Pen based applications; Forms BibRef

Brown, M.S.[Michael S.], Sun, M.X.[Ming-Xuan], Yang, R.G.[Rui-Gang], Yun, L.[Lin], Seales, W.B.[W. Brent],
Restoring 2D Content from Distorted Documents,
PAMI(29), No. 11, November 2007, pp. 1904-1916.
IEEE DOI 0711
BibRef

Landon, G.V.[George V.], Yun, L.[Lin], Seales, W.B.[W. Brent],
Towards Automatic Photometric Correction of Casually Illuminated Documents,
CVPR07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0706
BibRef

Sun, M.X.[Ming-Xuan], Yang, R.G.[Rui-Gang], Yun, L.[Lin], Landon, G.V.[George V.], Seales, W.B.[W. Brent], Brown, M.S.[Michael S.],
Geometric and Photometric Restoration of Distorted Documents,
ICCV05(II: 1117-1123).
IEEE DOI 0510
BibRef

Brown, M.S.[Michael S.], Pisula, C.J.[Charles J.],
Conformal Deskewing of Non-Planar Documents,
CVPR05(I: 998-1004).
IEEE DOI 0507
BibRef

Yun, L.[Lin], Seales, W.B.[W. Brent],
Opaque Document Imaging: Building Images of Inaccessible Texts,
ICCV05(I: 662-669).
IEEE DOI 0510
An image of a rolled document from penetrating scans. From high-res CT scans. BibRef

Manjunath, A.V.N., Hemantha, K.G., Noushath, S.,
Document Skew Detection: A Novel Approach,
IJIG(8), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 47-59. 0801
BibRef

Amin, A.[Adnan], Wu, S.[Sue],
A Robust System For Thresholding And Skew Detection In Mixed Text/graphics Documents,
IJIG(5), No. 2, April 2005, pp. 247-265. 0504
BibRef

Liu, H.[Hong], Wu, Q.[Qi], Zha, H.B.[Hong-Bin], Liu, X.P.[Xue-Ping],
Skew detection for complex document images using robust borderlines in both text and non-text regions,
PRL(29), No. 13, 1 October 2008, pp. 1893-1900.
Elsevier DOI 0804
Document analysis; Skew detection; Robust borderline; Linear filter; Optimization BibRef

Singh, C.[Chandan], Bhatia, N.[Nitin], Kaur, A.[Amandeep],
Hough transform based fast skew detection and accurate skew correction methods,
PR(41), No. 12, December 2008, pp. 3528-3546.
Elsevier DOI 0810
Skew detection; Skew correction; Hough transform; Rotation BibRef

Shafait, F.[Faisal], van Beusekom, J.[Joost], Keysers, D.[Daniel], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Document cleanup using page frame detection,
IJDAR(11), No. 2, November 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
Page Frame Detection for Marginal Noise Removal from Scanned Documents,
SCIA07(651-660).
Springer DOI 0706

See also Text-line examination for document forgery detection. BibRef

Bukhari, S.S.[Syed Saqib], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Border Noise Removal of Camera-Captured Document Images Using Page Frame Detection,
CBDAR11(126-137).
Springer DOI 1204

See also Image Based Performance Evaluation Method for Page Dewarping Algorithms Using SIFT Features, An. BibRef

van Beusekom, J.[Joost], Shafait, F.[Faisal],
Distortion Measurement for Automatic Document Verification,
ICDAR11(289-293).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Rangoni, Y.[Yves], Shafait, F.[Faisal], van Beusekom, J.[Joost], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Recognition Driven Page Orientation Detection,
ICIP09(1989-1992).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

van Beusekom, J.[Joost], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Combined orientation and skew detection using geometric text-line modeling,
IJDAR(13), No. 2, June 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 1007

See also Textline information extraction from grayscale camera-captured document images. BibRef

van Beusekom, J.[Joost], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Image-Matching for Revision Detection in Printed Historical Documents,
DAGM07(507-516).
Springer DOI 0709
BibRef

van Beusekom, J., Keysers, D., Shafait, F., Breuel, T.M.,
Distance Measures for Layout-Based Document Image Retrieval,
DIAL06(232-242).
IEEE DOI 0604
BibRef

Lampert, C.H.[Christoph H.], Braun, T.[Tim], Ulges, A.[Adrian], Keysers, D.[Daniel], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Oblivious Document Capture and Real-Time Retrieval,
CBDAR05(79-96).
PDF File. Skew and curl removal. BibRef 0500

Dey, P.[Prasenjit], Noushath, S.,
e-PCP: A robust skew detection method for scanned document images,
PR(43), No. 3, March 2010, pp. 937-948.
Elsevier DOI 1001
Skew detection; Piece-wise coverings (PCP); Confidence measure; Text-flow orientation detection; Enhanced-PCP; Skew correction BibRef

Li, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Recognizing Planar Symbols with Severe Perspective Deformation,
PAMI(32), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 755-762.
IEEE DOI 1003
From real scenes. BAsed on Cross-Ratio spectrum descriptor. BibRef

Zhou, P.[Peng], Li, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Character Recognition under Severe Perspective Distortion,
ICDAR09(676-680).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, Only: ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Zhang, Z.[Zheng], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Straightening warped text lines using polynomial regression,
ICIP02(III: 977-980).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Loo, P.K.[Poh Kok], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Word and Sentence Extraction Using Irregular Pyramid,
DAS02(307 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Tonazzini, A., Gerace, I., Martinelli, F.,
Multichannel Blind Separation and Deconvolution of Images for Document Analysis,
IP(19), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 912-925.
IEEE DOI 1003
BibRef

Tonazzini, A., Gerace, I., Cricco, F.,
Joint blind separation and restoration of mixed degraded images for document analysis,
ICIP04(I: 311-314).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Meng, G.F.[Gao-Feng], Pan, C.H.[Chun-Hong], Zheng, N.N.[Nan-Ning], Sun, C.[Chen],
Skew Estimation of Document Images Using Bagging,
IP(19), No. 7, July 2010, pp. 1837-1846.
IEEE DOI 1007
BibRef

Mascaro, A.A.[Angelica A.], Cavalcanti, G.D.C.[George D.C.], Mello, C.A.B.[Carlos A.B.],
Fast and robust skew estimation of scanned documents through background area information,
PRL(31), No. 11, 1 August 2010, pp. 1403-1411.
Elsevier DOI 1008
Skew angle estimation; Document analysis; Noisy documents BibRef

Mello, C.A.B.[Carlos A. B.], Sánchez, Á.[Ángel], Cavalcanti, G.D.C.[George D. C.],
Multiple Line Skew Estimation of Handwritten Images of Documents Based on a Visual Perception Approach,
CAIP11(II: 138-145).
Springer DOI 1109
BibRef

Fan, H.J.[Hui-Jie], Zhu, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Tang, Y.D.[Yan-Dong],
Skew detection in document images based on rectangular active contour,
IJDAR(13), No. 4, December 2010, pp. 261-269.
WWW Link. 1101
BibRef

Stamatopoulos, N., Gatos, B., Pratikakis, I.E., Perantonis, S.J.,
Goal-Oriented Rectification of Camera-Based Document Images,
IP(20), No. 4, April 2011, pp. 910-920.
IEEE DOI 1103
BibRef

Guan, Y.P.,
Fast and robust skew estimation in document images through bilinear filtering model,
IET-IPR(6), No. 6, 2012, pp. 761-769.
DOI Link 1210
BibRef

Kasar, T.[Thotreingam], Ramakrishnan, A.G.[Angarai G.],
Alignment of Curved Text Strings for Enhanced OCR Readability,
IJCVSP(3), No. 1, 2013, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Link. 1307
BibRef
And:
Multi-script and Multi-oriented Text Localization from Scene Images,
CBDAR11(1-14).
Springer DOI 1204
BibRef

Papandreou, A., Gatos, B.,
Slant estimation and core-region detection for handwritten Latin words,
PRL(35), No. 1, 2014, pp. 16-22.
Elsevier DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
A Coarse to Fine Skew Estimation Technique for Handwritten Words,
ICDAR13(225-229)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwritten character recognition Word slant estimation BibRef

Papandreou, A., Gatos, B., Louloudis, G., Stamatopoulos, N.,
ICDAR 2013 Document Image Skew Estimation Contest (DISEC 2013),
ICDAR13(1444-1448)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Singh, B.[Brij], Mittal, A.[Ankush], Ghosh, D.[Debashis],
A novel method for straightening curved text-lines in stylistic documents,
JIVP(2014), No. 1, 2014, pp. 36.
DOI Link 1407
BibRef

Papandreou, A., Gatos, B., Perantonis, S.J., Gerardis, I.,
Efficient skew detection of printed document images based on novel combination of enhanced profiles,
IJDAR(17), No. 4, December 2014, pp. 433-454.
Springer DOI 1411
BibRef

Shafii, M.[Mahnaz], Sid-Ahmed, M.[Maher],
Skew detection and correction based on an axes-parallel bounding box,
IJDAR(18), No. 1, March 2015, pp. 59-71.
WWW Link. 1503
BibRef

Cao, X.C.[Xiao-Chun], Ren, W.Q.[Wen-Qi], Zuo, W.M.[Wang-Meng], Guo, X.J.[Xiao-Jie], Foroosh, H.,
Scene Text Deblurring Using Text-Specific Multiscale Dictionaries,
IP(24), No. 4, April 2015, pp. 1302-1314.
IEEE DOI 1503
cameras BibRef

Meng, G.F.[Gao-Feng], Xiang, S.M.[Shi-Ming], Pan, C.H.[Chun-Hong], Zheng, N.N.[Nan-Ning],
Active Rectification of Curved Document Images Using Structured Beams,
IJCV(122), No. 1, March 2017, pp. 34-60.
Springer DOI 1702
BibRef

Meng, G.F.[Gao-Feng], Wang, Y.[Ying], Qu, S.Q.[Shen-Quan], Xiang, S.M.[Shi-Ming], Pan, C.H.[Chun-Hong],
Active Flattening of Curved Document Images via Two Structured Beams,
CVPR14(3890-3897)
IEEE DOI 1409
developable surface interpolation BibRef

Kieu, V.C.[Van Cuong], Cloppet, F.[Florence], Vincent, N.[Nicole],
Adaptive fuzzy model for blur estimation on document images,
PRL(86), No. 1, 2017, pp. 42-48.
Elsevier DOI 1702
BibRef
Earlier:
Local blur correction for document images,
ICPR16(4059-4064)
IEEE DOI 1705
Databases, Deconvolution, Histograms, Image analysis, Kernel, Optical character recognition software, Transient, analysis. Blur estimation BibRef

Yang, H.[Hang], Zhang, Z.B.[Zhong-Bo], Guan, Y.J.[Yu-Jing],
Rolling bilateral filter-based text image deblurring,
VC(35), No. 11, November 2018, pp. 1627-1640.
WWW Link. 1911
BibRef

Qi, Q.[Qing], Guo, J.[Jichang],
Blind text images deblurring based on a generative adversarial network,
IET-IPR(13), No. 14, 12 December 2019, pp. 2850-2858.
DOI Link 1912
BibRef

Garai, A.[Arpan], Biswas, S.[Samit], Mandal, S.[Sekhar], Chaudhuri, B.B.[Bidyut B.],
Automatic rectification of warped Bangla document images,
IET-IPR(14), No. 1, January 2020, pp. 74-83.
DOI Link 1912
BibRef

Fang, X., Zhou, Q., Shen, J., Jacquemin, C., Shao, L.,
Text Image Deblurring Using Kernel Sparsity Prior,
Cyber(50), No. 3, March 2020, pp. 997-1008.
IEEE DOI 2001
Kernel, Image restoration, Optimization, Dictionaries, Noise reduction, Cameras, Training, L0-norm, motion deblurring, text image BibRef

Ahmad, R.[Riaz], Naz, S.[Saeeda], Razzak, I.[Imran],
Efficient skew detection and correction in scanned document images through clustering of probabilistic hough transforms,
PRL(152), 2021, pp. 93-99.
Elsevier DOI 2112
Skew, Scanned document, Clustering, Probabilistic hough transform BibRef

Gao, H.J.[Hai-Jun], Feng, M.F.[Min-Fu],
Blind deblurring text images via Beltrami regularization,
IVC(147), 2024, pp. 105080.
Elsevier DOI 2406
35A01 65 L10, 65 L12, 65 L20, 65 L70 Beltrami model, Blind deblurring, Text images, BibRef

Xu, Z.[Zhen], Yin, F.[Fei], Yang, P.P.[Pei-Pei], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Document Image Rectification in Complex Scene Using Stacked Siamese Networks,
ICPR22(1550-1556)
IEEE DOI 2212
Deformable models, Training, Adaptation models, Solid modeling, Stacking, Lighting BibRef

Pham, L.[Luan], Hoang, P.H.[Phu Hao], Mai, X.T.[Xuan Toan], Tran, T.A.[Tuan Anh],
Adaptive Radial Projection on Fourier Magnitude Spectrum for Document Image Skew Estimation,
ICIP22(1061-1065)
IEEE DOI 2211
Codes, Estimation, Reliability, Task analysis, Document Image Skew Estimation, Fourier Transform-based method, Adaptive Radial Projection BibRef

Ljubenovic, M.[Marina], Guzzonato, P.[Paolo], Franceschin, G.[Giulia], Traviglia, A.[Arianna],
Blind Deblurring of Hyperspectral Document Images,
FAPER22(152-161).
Springer DOI 2208
BibRef

Rocha, B.[Bruno], Vieira, G.[Gabriel], Pedrini, H.[Helio], Fonseca, A.[Afonso], Fernandes, D.[Deborah], de Lima, J.C.[Júnio César], Ferreira, J.C.[Júlio César], Soares, F.[Fabrizzio],
Skew Angle Detection and Correction in Text Images Using RGB Gradient,
CIAP22(II:249-262).
Springer DOI 2205
BibRef

Markovitz, A.[Amir], Lavi, I.[Inbal], Perel, O.[Or], Mazor, S.[Shai], Litman, R.[Roee],
Can You Read Me Now? Content Aware Rectification Using Angle Supervision,
ECCV20(XII: 208-223).
Springer DOI 2010
BibRef

Burden, A., Cote, M., Branzan Albu, A.,
Rectification of Camera-Captured Document Images with Mixed Contents and Varied Layouts,
CRV19(33-40)
IEEE DOI 1908
Distortion, Surface treatment, Layout, Optical distortion, Cameras, Text analysis, Smart phones, document image analysis, camera-captured documents BibRef

Seemakurthy, K.[Karthik], Vasu, S.[Subeesh], Ambasamudram, R.[Rajagopalan],
Deskewing by space-variant deblurring,
BMVC16(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 1805
BibRef

Qin, Z.C.[Zheng-Cai], Wu, B.[Bin], Li, M.[Meng],
Text Image Deblurring via Intensity Extremums Prior,
MMMod18(I:505-517).
Springer DOI 1802
BibRef

Hradiš, M.[Michal], Kotera, J.[Jan], Zemcík, P.[Pavel], Šroubek, F.[Filip],
Convolutional Neural Networks for Direct Text Deblurring,
BMVC15(xx-yy).
DOI Link 1601
BibRef

Chen, L.[Li], Wang, S.[Song], Fan, W.[Wei], Sun, J.[Jun], Satoshi, N.[Naoi],
Deep learning based language and orientation recognition in document analysis,
ICDAR15(436-440)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Stahlberg, F.[Felix], Vogel, S.[Stephan],
Document skew detection based on hough space derivatives,
ICDAR15(366-370)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Fischer, P.[Philipp], Dosovitskiy, A.[Alexey], Brox, T.[Thomas],
Image Orientation Estimation with Convolutional Networks,
GCPR15(368-378).
Springer DOI 1511
Document orientations. BibRef

Bušta, M.[Michal], Drtina, T.[Tomáš], Helekal, D.[David], Neumann, L.[Lukáš], Matas, J.G.[Jirí G.],
Efficient Character Skew Rectification in Scene Text Images,
IWRR14(134-146).
Springer DOI 1504
BibRef

Salvi, D.[Dhaval], Zheng, K.[Kang], Zhou, Y.J.[You-Jie], Wang, S.[Song],
Distance Transform Based Active Contour Approach for Document Image Rectification,
WACV15(757-764)
IEEE DOI 1503
Active contours BibRef

Mehta, S., Walia, E., Dutta, M.,
A new fast approach for skew estimation using moments and wavelet transform,
IPTA14(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1503
discrete wavelet transforms BibRef

Fabrizio, J.[Jonathan],
A precise skew estimation algorithm for document images using KNN clustering and fourier transform,
ICIP14(2585-2588)
IEEE DOI 1502
Clustering algorithms BibRef

Kleber, F.[Florian], Diem, M.[Markus], Sablatnig, R.[Robert],
Robust Skew Estimation of Handwritten and Printed Documents Based on Grayvalue Images,
ICPR14(3020-3025)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy BibRef

Simon, C.[Christian], Pao, W.[Williem], Choe, J.[Jihwan], Yun, I.D.[Il Dong], Park, I.K.[In Kyu],
Correcting Photometric Distortion of Document Images on a Smartphone,
IWMV14(199-200)
IEEE DOI 1409
BibRef

Pao, W.[Williem], Simon, C.[Christian], Cho, S.[Sungdae], Park, I.K.[In Kyu],
Fast and Robust Perspective Rectification of Document Images on a Smartphone,
IWMV14(197-198)
IEEE DOI 1409
BibRef

Cho, H.[Hojin], Wang, J.[Jue], Lee, S.Y.[Seung-Yong],
Text Image Deblurring Using Text-Specific Properties,
ECCV12(V: 524-537).
Springer DOI 1210
BibRef

Vo, D.T.[Dung Trung], Lertrattanapanich, S.[Surapong], Kim, Y.T.[Yeong-Taeg],
Automatic video deshearing for skew sequences capturedby rolling shutter cameras,
ICIP11(625-628).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Felhi, M.[Mehdi], Bonnier, N.[Nicolas], Tabbone, S.[Salvatore],
A robust skew detection method based on Maximum Gradient Difference and R-signature,
ICIP11(2617-2620).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Pratihar, S.[Sanjoy], Bhowmick, P.[Partha],
Skew correction of engineering drawings by digital-geometric analysis of Farey ranks,
ICIIP11(1-6).
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Gao, Y.P.[Yu-Peng], Li, Y.M.[Yi-Ming], Hu, Z.Y.[Zhong-Yi],
Skewed text correction based on the improved Hough transform,
IASP11(368-372).
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Epshtein, B.[Boris],
Determining Document Skew Using Inter-line Spaces,
ICDAR11(27-31).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Papandreou, A., Gatos, B.,
A Novel Skew Detection Technique Based on Vertical Projections,
ICDAR11(384-388).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Alaei, A.[Alireza], Pal, U.[Umapada], Nagabhushan, P., Kimura, F.[Fumitaka],
A Painting Based Technique for Skew Estimation of Scanned Documents,
ICDAR11(299-303).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Alaei, A.[Alireza], Nagabhushan, P., Pal, U.[Umapada],
A New Text-Line Alignment Approach Based on Piece-Wise Painting Algorithm for Handwritten Documents,
ICDAR11(324-328).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Rashid, A.[Adnan], Prati, A.[Andrea], Cucchiara, R.[Rita],
A real-time embedded solution for skew correction in banknote analysis,
ECVW11(42-49).
IEEE DOI 1106
BibRef

Suzuki, S.[Shohei], Kato, K.[Kunihito], Yamamoto, K.[Kazuhiko],
A consideration of effective feature extraction method for Nail Camera System,
FCV11(1-6).
IEEE DOI 1102
mobile camera reading system. Attach small camera to finger tip. User scans the line. BibRef

Banerjee, S., Noushath, S., Parikh, P., Ramachandrula, S., Kuchibhotla, A., Sharma, A.,
Real-time embedded skew detection and frame removal,
ICIP10(2181-2184).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Konya, I.V.[Iuliu Vasile], Eickeler, S.[Stefan], Brandt, C.[Christian],
Confidence measures for seamless skew and orientation detection in document images,
ICDAR15(891-895)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef
Earlier:
Fast Seamless Skew and Orientation Detection in Document Images,
ICPR10(1924-1928).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Park, J.[Junhee], Lee, B.U.[Byung-Uk],
Metric Rectification to Estimate the Aspect Ratio of Camera-Captured Document Images,
ISVC09(II: 283-292).
Springer DOI 0911
BibRef

Sadri, J.[Javad], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
A New Approach for Skew Correction of Documents Based on Particle Swarm Optimization,
ICDAR09(1066-1070).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Haji, M.M.[M. Mehdi], Bui, T.D.[Tien D.], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Simultaneous Document Margin Removal and Skew Correction Based on Corner Detection in Projection Profiles,
CIAP09(1025-1034).
Springer DOI 0909
BibRef

Zaremba, R.[Ryan], Wirth, M.[Michael],
Suppression of Foxing in Historical Books Using Inpainting,
ICIAR09(855-864).
Springer DOI 0907
BibRef

Lins, R.D.[Rafael Dueire],
A Taxonomy for Noise in Images of Paper Documents: The Physical Noises,
ICIAR09(844-854).
Springer DOI 0907
BibRef

Arvind, K.R., Kumar, J.[Jayant], Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Entropy Based Skew Correction of Document Images,
PReMI07(495-502).
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef

Aradhya, V.N.M.[V. N. Manjunath], Rao, A.[Ashok], Kumar, G.H.[G. Hemantha],
Language Independent Skew Estimation Technique Based on Gaussian Mixture Models: A Case Study on South Indian Scripts,
PReMI07(487-494).
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef

Yin, X.C., Sun, J., Naoi, S., Fujimoto, K., Fujii, Y., Kurokawa, K., Takebe, H.,
A Multi-Stage Strategy to Perspective Rectification for Mobile Phone Camera-Based Document Images,
ICDAR07(574-578).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Lu, S.J., Wang, J., Tan, C.L.,
Fast and Accurate Detection of Document Skew and Orientation,
ICDAR07(684-688).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Egozi, A., Dinstein, I., Chapran, J., Fairhurst, M.C.,
An EM Based Algorithm for Skew Detection,
ICDAR07(277-281).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Makridis, M.[Michael], Nikolaou, N.[Nikos], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
A New Technique for Global and Local Skew Correction in Binary Documents,
ACIVS07(877-887).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Xie, F.Y.[Feng-Ying], Jiang, Z.G.[Zhi-Guo], Wang, L.[Lei],
Skew Detection Algorithm for Form Document Based on Elongate Feature,
EMMCVPR07(127-136).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Dhandra, B.V., Malemath, V.S., Hangarge, M.[Mallikarjun], Hegadi, R.[Ravindra],
Skew Detection in Binary Image Documents Based on Image Dilation and Region labeling Approach,
ICPR06(II: 954-957).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Liu, L.[Lin], Zhang, S.Y.[San-Yuan], Zhang, Y.[Yin], Ye, X.Z.[Xiu-Zi],
Slant Correction of Vehicle License Plate Image,
CIAP05(237-244).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Dong, J.X.[Jian-Xiong], Dominique, P., Krzyzak, A., Suen, C.Y.,
Cursive word skew/slant corrections based on Radon transform,
ICDAR05(I: 478-483).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Xi, D.H.[Di-Hua], Kamel, M.[Mohamed], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Skew Estimation and Correction for Form Documents Using Wavelet Decomposition,
ICIAR05(182-190).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Lins, R.D.[Rafael Dueire], Ávila, B.T.[Bruno Tenório], de Araújo Formiga, A.[Andrei],
BigBatch: An Environment for Processing Monochromatic Documents,
ICIAR06(II: 886-896).
Springer DOI 0610

See also Efficient Removal of Noisy Borders of Monochromatic Documents. BibRef

Lins, R.D.[Rafael Dueire], Ávila, B.T.[Bruno Tenório],
A New Algorithm for Skew Detection in Images of Documents,
ICIAR04(II: 234-240).
Springer DOI 0409
BibRef

Pastor, M.[Moisés], Toselli, A.H.[Alejandro H.], Vidal, E.[Enrique],
Projection Profile Based Algorithm for Slant Removal,
ICIAR04(II: 183-190).
Springer DOI 0409
BibRef

Yamashita, A., Kawarago, A., Kaneko, T., Miura, K.T.,
Shape reconstruction and image restoration for non-flat surfaces of documents with a stereo vision system,
ICPR04(I: 482-485).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Cao, H.[Huaigu], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
A cylindrical surface model to rectify the bound document image,
ICCV03(228-233).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef
Earlier:
Rectifying the bound document image captured by the camera: A model based approach,
ICDAR03(71-75).
IEEE DOI 0311
Model as cylinder, map to a plane. BibRef

Zhu, X.Y.[Xiao-Yan], Yin, X.X.[Xiao-Xin],
A new textual/non-textual classifier for document skew correction,
ICPR02(I: 480-482).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Shi, Z.X.[Zhi-Xin], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Line separation for complex document images using fuzzy runlength,
DIAL04(306-312).
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef
Earlier:
Skew detection for complex document images using fuzzy runlength,
ICDAR03(715-719).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Hase, H., Yoneda, M., Shinokawa, T., Suen, C.Y.,
Alignment of free layout color texts for character recognition,
ICDAR01(932-936).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Pilu, M.[Maurizio],
Extraction of Illusory Linear Clues in Perspectively Skewed Documents,
CVPR01(I:363-368).
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef

Tao, Y., Ioerger, T., Tang, Y.,
Extraction of Rotation Invariant Signature Based on Fractal Geometry,
ICIP01(I: 1090-1093).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Lavialle, O., Molines, X., Angella, F., Baylou, P.,
Active Contours Network to Straighten Distorted Text Lines,
ICIP01(III: 748-751).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Uchida, S., Taira, E., Sakoe, H.,
Nonuniform slant correction using dynamic programming,
ICDAR01(434-438).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Mahata, K., Ramakrishnan, A.,
A Novel Scheme for Image Rotation for Document Processing,
ICIP00(Vol II: 594-596).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Safari, R., Narasimhamurthi, N., Shridhar, M.[Mal], Ahmadi, M.,
Extraction of Handwritten Information in Geometrically Distorted Documents,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1298-1300).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Peake, G.S., and Tan, T.N.,
A General Algorithm for Document Skew Angle Estimation,
ICIP97(II: 230-233).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9700

Tang, Y.Y., Yang, L., Liu, J.,
Quadratic Spline Wavelet Approach to Automatic Extraction of Baselines from Document Images,
ICDAR97(693-696).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Sun, C., Si, D.,
Skew and Slant Correction for Document Images Using Gradient Direction,
ICDAR97(142-146).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Ben Hadj Ali, M.,
An Object/Segment Oriented Skew-Correction Technique for Document Images,
ICDAR97(671-674).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Antonacopoulos, A.,
Local Skew Angle Estimation from Background Space in Text Regions,
ICDAR97(684-688).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Okun, O.[Oleg],
Accurate Method of Document Skew Estimation by PCA,
SCIA97(xx-yy)
HTML Version. 9705
BibRef

Cho, S.I.[Seong Ik], Saito, H.[Hideo], Ozawa, S.J.[Shin-Ji],
A divide-and-conquer strategy in recovering shape of book surface from shading,
CIAP97(II: 262-269).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef

del Ninno, E., Nicchiotti, G., Ottaviani, E.,
A general and flexible deskewing method based on generalized projection,
CIAP97(II: 632-638).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef

Ittner, D.,
Automatic Inference of Textline Orientation,
SDAIR92(123-133). BibRef 9200

Weng, Y.[Yun], Zhu, Q.M.[Qiu-Ming],
Nonlinear Shape Restoration for Document Images,
CVPR96(568-573).
IEEE DOI Flatten a curved page. BibRef 9600

Min, Y., Cho, S., Lee, Y.,
A Data Reduction Method for Efficient Document Skew Estimation Based on Hough Transformation,
ICPR96(III: 732-736).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Yonsei Univ., KOR) BibRef

Chen, S.[Su], Haralick, R.M.,
An automatic algorithm for text skew estimation in document images using recursive morphological transforms,
ICIP94(I: 139-143).
IEEE DOI 9411
BibRef

Liu, J., Lee, C.M., Shu, R.B.,
An efficient method for the skew normalization of a document image,
ICPR92(III:122-125).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Nakano, Y., Shima, Y., Fujisawa, H., Higashino, J., Fujinawa, M.,
An algorithm for the skew normalization of document image,
ICPR90(II: 8-13).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Hinds, S.C., Fisher, J.L., d'Amato, D.P.,
A Document Skew Detection Method Using Run-Length Encoding and the Hough Transform,
ICPR90(I: 464-468).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9000
And: A2, A1, A3:
A Rule-Based System for Document Image Segmentation,
ICPR90(I: 567-572).
IEEE DOI Application, Document Analysis. Hough. 14 rules about characteristics of document components. BibRef

Postl, W.,
Detection of Linear Oblique Structures and Skew Scan in Digitized Documents,
ICPR86(687-689). BibRef 8600

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Enhancement, Restoration of Document Images, Curls .