21.3.3 Eye Tracking and Gaze Tracking, Gaze Estimation

Chapter Contents (Back)
Eye Tracking. Gaze Determination. Eye tracking may also be performed by more direct (some mechanical) methods, especially involving low level lights with detection. Most of those are skipped, and image anaysis based techniques are the primary focus. See also Active Vision: Gaze Control. See also Driver Monitoring, Eyes, Gaze. See also Finding Facial Features -- Eye Detection.

           
Tobii,
2001.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Eye tracking for general applications.

Polehemus, Eye Tracking,
2005.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Also does motion tracking and 3-D Laser Scanner

Eye Gaze,
2005.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Eye gaze tracking for those with limited mobility.

Seeing Machines,
2000.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Vendor, Driver Monitoring. Vendor, Face Tracking. Head, face, eye, gaze tracking. Face tracker for including in larger systems. Australia.

Avotec,
2001.
HTML Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. A set of eye tracking systems.

openEyes,
2006.
WWW Version. Code, Eye Tracking. Open source code for eye tracking. See also Starburst: A hybrid algorithm for video-based eye tracking combining feature-based and model-based approaches.

Gesture Central,
1996.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Vendor, Motion Capture. Eye tracking system. The company also has a simple head gesture interface. And a 3 camera motion capture system.

Eye Tech,
1996.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Eye gaze tracking for those with limited mobility.

IScan, Inc.,
1997.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking.

Arrington Research,
1997.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking.

Applied Science Laboratories,
1962.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Video based eye tracking, head mounted tracker

SMI: Senso Motric Instruments GmbH,
1991.
WWW Version. Vendor, Eye Tracking. Eye tracking systems.

Gaze Interaction Bibliography,
2001.
WWW Version. Survey, Gaze Tracking. A listing of gaze based interaction papers. Much of it is for interactions by disabled.

Yarbus, A.,
Eye Movments and Vision,
Plenum1967. More about what happens, how it happens, and the meaning than tracking, but much of the basis for doing eye tracking. BibRef 6700

Rinard, G.A.[George A.], Rugg, D.E.[Donald E.], Steffen, D.A.[Dale A.],
Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of the eye,
US_Patent4,145,122, Mar 20, 1979
WWW Version. Uses mirror on glasses. BibRef 7903

Garwin, R.L.[Richard L.], Levine, J.L.[James L.],
Eye controlled information transfer,
US_Patent4,595,990, Jun 17, 1986
WWW Version. BibRef 8606

Friedman, M.B.[Mark B.], Kiliany, G.J.[Gary J.], Dzmura, M.R.[Mark R.],
Eye-tracker communication system,
US_Patent4,648,052, Mar 3, 1987
WWW Version. BibRef 8703

Waldorf, R.A.[Ronald A.],
Infrared/video electronystagmographic apparatus,
US_Patent4,815,839, Mar 28, 1989
WWW Version. Eye tracking goggles. BibRef 8903

Hutchinson, T.E.[Thomas E.],
Eye movement detector,
US_Patent4,836,670, Jun 6, 1989
WWW Version. IR Tracking BibRef 8906

Velez, J.[Jose], Borah, J.D.[Joshua D.],
Visor and camera providing a parallax-free field-of-view image for a head-mounted eye movement measurement system,
US_Patent4,852,988, Aug 1, 1989
WWW Version. BibRef 8908

Frey, L.A., White, Jr., K.P., and Hutchinson, T.E.,
Eye-Gaze Word Processing,
SMC(20), No. 4, 1990, pp. 944-950.
WWW Version. BibRef 9000

Hutchinson, T.E., White, Jr., K.P., Martin, W.N., Reichert, K.C., and Frey, L.A.,
Human-computer interaction using eye-gaze input,
SMC(19), No. 6, 1989, pp. 1527-1534.
WWW Version. BibRef 8900

Hutchinson, T.E.[Thomas E.], Spetz, K.S.[Kevin S.], Desai, N.R.[Nirav R.],
Eye movement and pupil diameter apparatus and method,
US_Patent5,204,703, Apr 20, 1993
WWW Version. BibRef 9304

Myers, G.A.[Glenn A.], Sherman, K.R.[Keith R.], Stark, L.[Lawrence],
Eye Monitor: Microcomputer-Based Instrument Uses an Internal Model to Track the Eye,
Computer(24), No. 3, March 1991, pp. 14-21. For detailed study of the eye. Basic image analysis applied to a real task. BibRef 9103

Tomono, A.[Akira], Iida, M.[Muneo], Ohmura, K.[Kazunori],
Eye tracking image pickup apparatus for separating noise from feature portions,
US_Patent5,016,282, May 14, 1991
WWW Version. BibRef 9105

Kasahara, T.[Tatsuya],
Eye movement analyzing device utilizing pupil center-of-gravity data,
US_Patent5,070,883, Dec 10, 1991
WWW Version. BibRef 9112

Jacob, R.J.K.,
The use of eye movements in human-computer interaction techniques: What you look at is what you get,
TIS(9), No. 3, 1991, pp. 152-169.
WWW Version. BibRef 9100

Jacob, R.J.K.,
Eye-gaze computer interfaces: What you look at is what you get,
Computer(26), No. 7, July 1993, pp. 65-67.
WWW Version. BibRef 9307

Adachi, T.[Toshiya],
Device for measuring a retina reflected light amount and a gaze detecting apparatus using the same,
US_Patent5,325,133, Jun 28, 1994
WWW Version. BibRef 9406

Ragland, R.R.[Richard R.],
Point-of-gaze tracker,
US_Patent5,471,542, Nov 28, 1995
WWW Version. BibRef 9511

Liang, C.C.[Cheng-Chung], Fang, M.[Ming], Singh, A.[Ajit],
System for monitoring eyes for detecting sleep behavior,
US_Patent5,570,698, Nov 5, 1996
WWW Version. BibRef 9611

Gerhardt, L.A.[Lester A.], Sabolcik, R.M.[Ross M.],
Eye tracking apparatus and method employing grayscale threshold values,
US_Patent5,481,622, Jan 2, 1996
WWW Version. BibRef 9601

Kirschbaum, A.R.[Alan R.],
Gaze tracking using optical coherence tomography,
US_Patent5,644,642, Jul 1, 1997
WWW Version. BibRef 9707

Ivins, J.P., Porrill, J., Frisby, J.P.,
Deformable Model of the Human Iris for Measuring Ocular Torsion from Video Images,
VISP(145), No. 3, June 1998, pp. 213-220. 9808
BibRef

Ivins, J.P., Porrill, J.,
A Deformable Model of the Human Iris for Measuring Small 3-Dimensional Eye Movements,
MVA(11), No. 1, 1998, pp. 42-51.
HTML Version. 9808
BibRef

Yee, K.[Kingman],
Linear array eye tracker,
US_Patent5,966,197, Oct 12, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9910
And: US_Patent6,283,954, Sep 4, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef

Yee, K.[Kingman], Munnerlyn, C.R.[Charles R.],
Two camera off-axis eye tracker for laser eye surgery,
US_Patent6,322,216, Nov 27, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0111

Colombo, C.[Carlo], del Bimbo, A.[Alberto],
Real-time head tracking from the deformation of eye contours using a piecewise affine camera,
PRL(20), No. 7, July 1999, pp. 721-730. BibRef 9907

Colombo, C.[Carlo], del Bimbo, A.[Alberto], de Magistris, S.[Silvio],
Combining head tracking and pupil monitoring in vision-based human-computer interaction,
CAIP95(717-722).
Springer DOI Link 9509
BibRef
And:
Human-Computer Interaction Based on Eye Movement Tracking,
CAMP95(xx). BibRef

Talmi, K.[Kay], Liu, J.[Jin],
Eye and gaze tracking for visually controlled interactive stereoscopic displays,
SP:IC(14), No. 10, August 1999, pp. 799-810.
WWW Version. BibRef 9908

Smeraldi, F., Carmona, O., Bigün, J.,
Saccadic search with Gabor features applied to eye detection and real-time head tracking,
IVC(18), No. 4, March 2000, pp. 323-329.
WWW Version. 0003
BibRef

Smeraldi, F., Bigun, J.,
Facial feature detection by saccadic exploration of the Gabor decomposition,
ICIP98(III: 163-167).
IEEE DOI Link 9810
BibRef

Richardson, J.[Jim], Zimmer, B.[Birch], Hardwick, M.A.[Michael A.],
Video processing methods and apparatus for gaze point tracking,
US_Patent6,091,378, Jul 18, 2000
WWW Version. BibRef 0007
And: US_Patent6,433,759, Aug 13, 2002
WWW Version. BibRef

Morimoto, C.H., Koons, D., Amir, A., Flickner, M.D.,
Pupil detection and tracking using multiple light sources,
IVC(18), No. 4, March 2000, pp. 331-335.
WWW Version. 0003
BibRef
Earlier:
Frame-Rate Pupil Detector and Gaze Tracker,
Frame-Rate99().
HTML Version. BibRef

Amir, A.[Arnon], Flickner, M.D.[Myron Dale], Koons, D.B.[David Bruce], Morimoto, C.H.[Carlos Hitoshi],
System and method for eye gaze tracking using corneal image mapping,
US_Patent6,659,611, Dec 9, 2003
WWW Version. BibRef 0312

Amir, A.[Arnon], Flickner, M.D.[Myron Dale], Ihde, S.C.[Steven Carlyle], Zhai, S.M.[Shu-Min],
Integrated gaze/manual cursor positioning system,
US_Patent6,204,828, Mar 20, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0103

Flickner, M.D.[Myron Dale], Koons, D.B.[David Bruce], Lu, Q.[Qi], Maglio, P.P.[Paul Philip], Morimoto, C.H.[Carlos Hitoshi], Selker, E.J.[Edwin Joseph],
Method and system for relevance feedback through gaze tracking and ticker interfaces,
US_Patent6,577,329, Jun 10, 2003
WWW Version. BibRef 0306

Morimoto, C.H., Amir, A., Flickner, M.D.,
Detecting eye position and gaze from a single camera and 2 light-sources,
ICPR02(IV: 314-317).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Morimoto, C.H.[Carlos H.], Mimica, M.R.M.[Marcio R.M.],
Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 4-24.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef

Kim, S.B.[Seong-Beom],
Eye position detecting apparatus and method therefor,
US_Patent6,072,892, Jun 6, 2000
WWW Version. BibRef 0006

DeLuca, M.J.[Michael Joseph],
Vision pointer method and apparatus,
US_Patent6,215,471, Apr 10, 2001
WWW Version. BibRef 0104

Amir, A.[Arnon], Zimet, L.[Lior], Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.[Alberto], Kao, S.[Sean],
An embedded system for an eye-detection sensor,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 104-123.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Gang], Sung, E.[Eric],
Gaze determination via images of irises,
IVC(19), No. 12, October 2001, pp. 891-911.
WWW Version. 0110
BibRef
Earlier: BMVC00(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0009
See also Pose determination of human faces by using vanishing points. BibRef

Sirohey, S.A., Rosenfeld, A., Duric, Z.,
A method of detecting and tracking irises and eyelids in video,
PR(35), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 1389-1401.
WWW Version. 0203
BibRef
Earlier:
Eye Tracking,
UMD--TR4041, August 1999.
WWW Version.
WWW Version. BibRef

Sirohey, S.A.[Saad A.], Rosenfeld, A.[Azriel],
Eye detection in a face image using linear and nonlinear filters,
PR(34), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 1367-1391.
WWW Version. 0105
BibRef
Earlier:
Eye Detection,
UMD--TR3971, December 1998.
WWW Version.
WWW Version. BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Gang], Sung, E.,
Study on eye gaze estimation,
SMC-B(32), No. 3, June 2002, pp. 332-350.
IEEE Top Reference. 0205
BibRef

Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung], Lee, J.J.[Jeong Jun], Kim, J.H.[Jai-Hie],
Gaze position detection by computing the three dimensional facial positions and motions,
PR(35), No. 11, November 2002, pp. 2559-2569.
WWW Version. 0208
BibRef
Earlier:
Facial and Eye Gaze Detection,
BMCV02(368 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
BibRef

Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
A Real-Time Gaze Position Estimation Method Based on a 3-D Eye Model,
SMC-B(37), No. 1, February 2007, pp. 199-212.
IEEE DOI Link 0703
BibRef
Earlier:
A Study on Human Gaze Detection Based on 3D Eye Model,
AMDO06(1-9).
Springer DOI Link 0607
BibRef
Earlier:
Gaze Detection System by Wide and Auto Pan/Tilt Narrow View Camera,
DAGM03(76-83).
HTML Version. 0310
BibRef

Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung], Kim, J.H.[Jai-Hie],
Real-Time Facial and Eye Gaze Tracking System,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 6, June 2005, pp. 1231-1238.
WWW Version. 0506
BibRef

Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul], Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
A Study on Eye Gaze Estimation Method Based on Cornea Model of Human Eye,
MIRAGE07(307-317).
Springer DOI Link 0703
BibRef

Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung], Chang, J.[Juno], Whang, M.C.[Min Cheol], Lim, J.S.[Joa Sang], Rhee, D.W.[Dae-Woong], Park, H.K.[Hung Kook], Cho, Y.[Yongjoo],
Practical Gaze Point Detecting System,
DAGM04(512-519).
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Bergström, P.[Peter],
Eye-movement-controlled transform image coders,
SP:IC(18), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 115-125.
WWW Version. 0301
BibRef

Tengshe, V.V.[Vishwas V.], Tengshe, H.V.[Hemant V.], Tengshe, V.G.[Venkatesh G.],
Gaze tracking system and method,
US_Patent6,637,883, Oct 28, 2003
WWW Version. BibRef 0310

Bayro-Corrochano, E.[Eduardo],
Modeling the 3D kinematics of the eye in the geometric algebra framework,
PR(36), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 2993-3012.
WWW Version. 0310
BibRef

Shih, S.W., Liu, J.,
A Novel Approach to 3-D Gaze Tracking Using Stereo Cameras,
SMC-B(34), No. 1, February 2004, pp. 234-245.
IEEE Abstract. 0403
Multiple cameras and multiple point light sources to estimate the optical axis of user's eye. BibRef

Shih, S.W., Wu, Y.T., Liu, J.,
A Calibration-free Gaze Tracking Technique,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 201-204).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Yang, R.G.[Rui-Gang], Zhang, Z.Y.[Zheng-You],
Eye Gaze Correction with Stereovision for Video-Teleconferencing,
PAMI(26), No. 7, July 2004, pp. 956-960.
IEEE Abstract. 0406
BibRef
Earlier: ECCV02(II: 479 ff.).
HTML Version. 0205
Use stereo and a personalized face model track the gaze. BibRef

Gulliver, S.R., Ghinea, G.,
Stars in Their Eyes: What Eye-Tracking Reveals About Multimedia Perceptual Quality,
SMC-A(34), No. 4, July 2004, pp. 472-482.
IEEE Abstract. 0407
BibRef

Gulliver, S.R., Ghinea, G.,
A Perceptual Comparison of Empirical and Predictive Region-of-Interest Video,
SMC-A(39), No. 4, July 2009, pp. 744-753.
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Zhu, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display,
MVA(15), No. 3, July 2004, pp. 139-148.
Springer DOI Link 0407
BibRef

Zhu, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Fujimura, K.,
Combining kalman filtering and mean shift for real time eye tracking under active IR illumination,
ICPR02(IV: 318-321).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Zhu, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang],
Robust real-time eye detection and tracking under variable lighting conditions and various face orientations,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 124-154.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef
And:
Eye Gaze Tracking under Natural Head Movements,
CVPR05(I: 918-923).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Kawato, S.[Shinjiro], Tetsutani, N.[Nobuji],
Detection and Tracking of Eyes for Gaze-camera Control,
IVC(22), No. 12, 1 October 2004, pp. 1031-1038.
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef
Earlier: VI02(348).
PDF Version. 0208
See also Scale-Adaptive Face Detection and Tracking in Real Time with SSR Filters and Support Vector Machine. BibRef

Wang, J.G.[Jian-Gang], Sung, E.[Eric], Venkateswarlu, R.[Ronda],
Estimating the eye gaze from one eye,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 83-103.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef
Earlier:
Eye gaze estimation from a single image of one eye,
ICCV03(136-143).
IEEE DOI Link 0311
BibRef

Ji, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Wechsler, H.[Harry], Duchowski, A.T.[Andrew T.], Flickner, M.D.[Myron D.],
Special issue: eye detection and tracking,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 1-3.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef

Yoo, D.H.[Dong Hyun], Chung, M.J.[Myung Jin],
A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 25-51.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef
Earlier:
Non-intrusive eye gaze estimation without knowledge of eye pose,
AFGR04(785-790).
IEEE Abstract. 0411
BibRef

Yoo, D.H.[Dong Hyun], Kim, J.H.[Jae Heon], Lee, B.R.[Bang Rae], Chung, M.J.[Myoung Jin],
Non-contact eye gaze tracking system by mapping of corneal reflections,
AFGR02(94-99).
IEEE DOI Link 0206
BibRef

Noureddin, B., Lawrence, P.D., Man, C.F.,
A non-contact device for tracking gaze in a human computer interface,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 52-82.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef

Witzner Hansen, D.[Dan], Pece, A.E.C.[Arthur E.C.],
Eye tracking in the wild,
CVIU(98), No. 1, April 2005, pp. 155-181.
WWW Version. 0412
BibRef
Earlier:
Eye typing off the shelf,
CVPR04(II: 159-164).
IEEE Abstract. 0408
BibRef
Earlier:
Iris tracking with feature free contours,
AMFG03(208-214).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Witzner Hansen, D., Hansen, J.P., Nielsen, M., Johansen, A.S.,
Eye typing using Markov and active appearance models,
WACV02(132-136).
IEEE Abstract. 0303
BibRef

Witzner Hansen, D.[Dan], Hansen, J.P.[John Paulin],
Robustifying Eye Interaction,
V4HCI06(152).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
BibRef

Chung, A.J.[Adrian J.], Deligianni, F.[Fani], Hu, X.P.[Xiao-Peng], Yang, G.Z.[Guang-Zhong],
Extraction of visual features with eye tracking for saliency driven 2D/3D registration,
IVC(23), No. 11, 1 October 2005, pp. 999-1008.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef

Itti, L.[Laurent],
Quantifying the contribution of low-level saliency to human eye movements in dynamic scenes,
Visual Cognition(12), No. 6, 2005, pp. 1093-1123.
WWW Version. BibRef 0500

Wu, H.Y.[Hai-Yuan], Chen, Q.[Qian], Wada, T.[Toshikazu],
Visual Direction Estimation from a Monocular Image,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 10, October 2005, pp. 2277-2285.
WWW Version. 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Conic-based algorithm for visual line estimation from one image,
AFGR04(260-265).
IEEE Abstract. 0411
BibRef
And:
Visual line estimation from a single image of two eyes,
ICPR04(III: 290-293).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Nguyen, A.[Anthony], Chandran, V.[Vinod], Sridharan, S.[Sridha],
Gaze tracking for region of interest coding in JPEG 2000,
SP:IC(21), No. 5, June 2006, pp. 359-377.
WWW Version. 0606
BibRef
Earlier:
Visual attention based ROI maps from gaze tracking data,
ICIP04(V: 3495-3498).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
Image coding; Importance map; JPEG 2000; Region of interest BibRef

Villanueva, A.[Arantxa], Cabeza, R.[Rafael], Porta, S.[Sonia],
Eye tracking: Pupil orientation geometrical modeling,
IVC(24), No. 7, July 2006, pp. 663-679.
WWW Version. 0608
Gaze tracking; Eye tracking; Eye movement modeling; Calibration BibRef

Goni, S., Echeto, J., Villanueva, A.[Arantxa], Cabeza, R.[Rafael],
Robust algorithm for pupil-glint vector detection in a video-oculography eyetracking system,
ICPR04(IV: 941-944).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef

Villanueva, A.[Arantxa], Cabeza, R.[Rafael],
Models for Gaze Tracking Systems,
JIVP(2007), 2007, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Villanueva, A.[Arantxa], Cabeza, R.[Rafael],
A Novel Gaze Estimation System With One Calibration Point,
SMC-B(37), No. 4, August 2008, pp. 1123-1138.
IEEE DOI Link 0808
BibRef

Aughey, J.H.[John H.], Rohr, M.V.[Michael V.], Swaine, S.D.[Steven D.], Vorst, C.J.[Carl J.],
Gaze tracking system, eye-tracking assembly and an associated method of calibration,
US_Patent7,130,447, Oct 31, 2006
WWW Version. BibRef 0610

Belardinelli, A.[Anna], Pirri, F.[Fiora], Carbone, A.[Andrea],
Bottom-Up Gaze Shifts and Fixations Learning by Imitation,
SMC-B(37), No. 2, April 2007, pp. 256-271.
IEEE DOI Link 0704
BibRef

Marra, S.[Stefano], Pirri, F.[Fiora],
Eyes and Cameras Calibration for 3D World Gaze Detection,
CVS08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Abe, K., Owada, K., Ohi, S., Ohyama, M.,
A Web Browsing System by Eye-Gaze Input,
EIS(127), Part 7, 2007, pp. 1036-1042.
PDF Version. BibRef 0700

Witzner Hansen, D.[Dan], Hammoud, R.I.[Riad I.],
An improved likelihood model for eye tracking,
CVIU(106), No. 2-3, May-June 2007, pp. 220-230.
WWW Version. 0705
BibRef
Earlier:
Boosting particle filter-based eye tracker performance through adapted likelihood function to reflexions and light changes,
AVSBS05(111-116).
IEEE DOI Link 0602
Eye position tracking; Filtering; Observation models; Structured infrared light; Non-visible spectrum; Eye tracking systems and countermeasures; HCI BibRef

Witzner Hansen, D., Satria, R., Sorensen, J., Hammoud, R.I.,
Improved Likelihood Function in Particle-based IR Eye Tracking,
OTCBVS05(III: 5-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0507
BibRef

Hammoud, R.I.[Riad I.], (Ed.)
Passive Eye Monitoring: Algorithms, Applications and Experiments,
Springer-VerlagNew York, 2008 ISBN: 978-3-540-75411-4
WWW Version. Buy this book: Passive Eye Monitoring: Algorithms, Applications and Experiments (Signals and Communication Technology) BibRef 0800

Duchowski, A.T.,
Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice,
Springer2007. ISBN 978-1-84628-608-7. Second Edition.
WWW Version. Survey, Eye Tracking. A guide to the setup and operation of such systems. Buy this book: Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice BibRef 0700

Han, Y.,
Imitation of Human-Eye Motion: How to Fix Gaze of an Active Vision System,
SMC-A(37), No. 6, November 2007, pp. 854-863.
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

MacKeben, M.[Manfred], Gofen, A.[Alexander],
Gaze-contingent display for retinal function testing by scanning laser ophthalmoscope,
JOSA-A(24), No. 5, May 2007, pp. 1402-1410.
WWW Version. 0801
BibRef

Sawahata, Y.[Yasuhito], Khosla, R.[Rajiv], Komine, K.[Kazuteru], Hiruma, N.[Nobuyuki], Itou, T.[Takayuki], Watanabe, S.[Seiji], Suzuki, Y.[Yuji], Hara, Y.[Yumiko], Issiki, N.[Nobuo],
Determining comprehension and quality of TV programs using eye-gaze tracking,
PR(41), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1627-1643.
WWW Version. 0711
Eye-gaze direction; Entropy; TV contents evaluation; TV program comprehension; Gaussian mixture models; Performance optimization framework BibRef

Hennessey, C., Noureddin, B., Lawrence, P.,
Fixation Precision in High-Speed Noncontact Eye-Gaze Tracking,
SMC-B(37), No. 2, April 2007, pp. 289-298.
IEEE DOI Link 0803
BibRef

Rajashekar, U., van der Linde, I., Bovik, A.C., Cormack, L.K.,
GAFFE: A Gaze-Attentive Fixation Finding Engine,
IP(17), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 564-573.
IEEE DOI Link 0803
BibRef

Khosravi, M.H.[Mohammad Hossein], Safabakhsh, R.[Reza],
Human eye sclera detection and tracking using a modified time-adaptive self-organizing map,
PR(41), No. 8, August 2008, pp. 2571-2593.
WWW Version. 0805
Human eye detection; Eye sclera motion tracking; Time-adaptive SOM; TASOM; Active contour modeling; GVF snake BibRef

Ko, Y.J.[You Jin], Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul], Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
A robust gaze detection method by compensating for facial movements based on corneal specularities,
PRL(29), No. 10, 15 July 2008, pp. 1474-1485.
WWW Version. 0711
Gaze detection; Corneal specularities; Facial movement; Angle Kappa BibRef

Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul], Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
A robust eye gaze tracking method based on a virtual eyeball model,
MVA(20), No. 5, July 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0906
See also Fake Iris Detection by Using Purkinje Image. BibRef

Smith, K.[Kevin], Ba, S.O.[Sileye O.], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Gatica-Perez, D.[Daniel],
Tracking the Visual Focus of Attention for a Varying Number of Wandering People,
PAMI(30), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 1212-1229.
IEEE DOI Link 0806
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Ba, S.O.[Sileye O.], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
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A Novel Approach to Real-time Non-intrusive Gaze Finding,
BMVC98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Sugimoto, T.[Takeo], Xu, G.[Gang],
Rits Eye: A Software-Based System for Realtime Face Detection and Tracking Using Pan-Tilt-Zoom Controllable Camera,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1194-1197).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Basu, A.[Anup], Yin, L.J.[Li-Jun], Pinz, A.[Axel], Bernogger, S.[Stefan],
Eye Tracking and Animation for MPEG-4 Coding,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1281-1284).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
BibRef

Klingspohr, H., Block, T., Grigat, R.R.,
A passive real-time gaze estimation system for human-machine interfaces,
CAIP97(718-725).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef

Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.], Moghaddam, B.[Baback], and Pentland, A.P.[Alex P.],
Active Face Tracking and Pose Estimation in an Interactive Room,
CVPR96(67-72).
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. Media Lab gaze following. BibRef 9600

Brinicombe, A.M., Boyce, J.F., Durnell, L.,
Direction of regard determination,
ICIP96(II: 169-172).
IEEE DOI Link 9610
BibRef

Tunley, H., Young, D.S.,
Iris Localisation for a Head-Mounted Eye Tracker,
BMVC95(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9509
BibRef

Robertson, G.[Graham], Craw, I.[Ian], Donaldson, B.[Blair],
Human Eye Location for Quantifying Eye Muscle Palsy,
BMVC94(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 9409
BibRef

Lehmann, T., Kaupp, A., Effert, R., Meyer-Ebrecht, D.,
Automatic strabometry by Hough-transformation and covariance-filtering,
ICIP94(I: 421-425).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3, A4:
Automatic measurement of the angle of squint by Hough-transformation and covariance-filtering,
ICPR94(A:784-786).
IEEE DOI Link 9410
BibRef

Moore, S.T., Haslwanter, T., Curthoys, I.S., Smith, S.T.,
Measurement of three dimensional eye position using image processing: a geometric approach,
ICIP94(I: 436-440).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
BibRef

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Eye State, Blink, Open, Closed .


Last update:Mar 17, 2010 at 11:32:24