23.2.2.2.3 Text Detection, Find Text in General Scenes, Color Documents

Govindaraju, V., and Srihari, S.N.,
Separating Handwritten Text from Non-Textual Interference,
FPF-II91(17-28). BibRef 9100

Cheong, C.E.[Chan E.],
Method for disconnecting character strings of a compressed image,
US_Patent5,313,526, May 17, 1994
WWW Version. BibRef 9405

Zhong, Y., Karu, K., Jain, A.K.,
Locating Text in Complex Color Images,
PR(28), No. 10, October 1995, pp. 1523-1535.
WWW Version. BibRef 9510

Suen, H.M., Wang, J.F.,
Text String Extraction from Images of Color-Printed Documents,
VISP(143), No. 4, August 1996, pp. 210-216. 9611
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Suen, H.M., Wang, J.F.,
Segmentation of Uniform Colored Text from Color Graphics Background,
VISP(144), No. 6, December 1997, pp. 317-322. 9806
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Chen, W.Y.[Wei-Yuan], Chen, S.Y.[Shu-Yuan],
Adaptive Page Segmentation for Color Technical Journals' Cover Images,
IVC(16), No. 12-13, 24 August 1998, pp. 855-877.
WWW Version. BibRef 9808

Sobottka, K., Kronenberg, H., Perroud, T., Bunke, H.,
Text Extraction from Colored Book and Journal Covers,
IJDAR(2), No. 4, 1999, pp. xx-yy. 0008
BibRef

Mahoney, J.V.[James V.],
Method and apparatus for detecting running text in an image,
US_Patent5,889,886, Mar 30, 1999
WWW Version. BibRef 9903

Hasan, Y.M.Y., Karam, L.J.,
Morphological Text Extraction from Images,
IP(9), No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1978-1983.
IEEE DOI Link 0011
BibRef

Hase, H.[Hiroyuki], Shinokawa, T.[Toshiyuki], Yoneda, M.[Masaaki], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Character string extraction from color documents,
PR(34), No. 7, July 2001, pp. 1349-1365.
WWW Version. 0105
BibRef

Hase, H., Shinokawa, T., Yoneda, M., Sakai, M., Maruyama, H.,
Character String Extraction by Multi-Stage Relaxation,
ICDAR97(298-302).
IEEE DOI Link 9708
BibRef

Hase, H.[Hiroyuki], Yoneda, M.[Masaaki], Tokai, S.[Shogo], Kato, J.[Jien], Suen, C.Y.[Ching Y.],
Color segmentation for text extraction,
IJDAR(6), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 271-284.
Springer DOI Link The character color is not constant. 0406
BibRef

Pan, W.M.[Wu-Mo], Bui, T.D., Suen, C.Y.,
Text detection from natural scene images using topographic maps and sparse representations,
ICIP09(2021-2024).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef
Earlier:
Text detection from scene images using sparse representation,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef
And:
Isolated Handwritten Farsi Numerals Recognition Using Sparse and Over-Complete Representations,
ICDAR09(586-590).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
Earlier:
Text Segmentation from Complex Background Using Sparse Representations,
ICDAR07(412-416).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul],
Neural network-based text location in color images,
PRL(22), No. 14, December 2001, pp. 1503-1515.
HTML Version. 0110
BibRef

Jeong, K.Y.[Ki-Young], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, E.Y.[Eun Yi], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Neural Network-based Text Location for News Video Indexing,
ICIP99(III:319-323).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef 9900

Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, J.H.[Jin Hyung],
Texture-based approach for text detection in images using support vector machines and continuously adaptive mean shift algorithm,
PAMI(25), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 1631-1639.
IEEE Abstract. 0401
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Kurata, T., Kourogi, M., Han, J.[JungHyun],
Text scanner with text detection technology on image sequences,
ICPR02(III: 473-476).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
See also Automatic text detection and removal in video sequences. BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Han, J.[JungHyun],
Text extraction in real scene images on planar planes,
ICPR02(III: 469-472).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Han, J.H.[Jung-Hyun],
Hybrid approach to efficient text extraction in complex color images,
PRL(25), No. 6, 19 April 2004, pp. 679-699.
WWW Version. 0405
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Text information extraction in images and video: a survey,
PR(37), No. 5, May 2004, pp. 977-997.
WWW Version. 0405
Survey, Text Extraction. BibRef

Lienhart, R., Wernicke, A.,
Localizing and segmenting text in images and videos,
CirSysVideo(12), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 256-268.
IEEE Top Reference. 0205
BibRef

Lienhart, R.,
Video OCR: A Survey and Practitioner's Guide,
VideoMining03(Chapter 6). Survey, OCR. BibRef 0300

Strouthopoulos, C., Papamarkos, N., Atsalakis, A.E.,
Text extraction in complex color documents,
PR(35), No. 8, August 2002, pp. 1743-1758.
WWW Version. 0206
BibRef

Clark, P.[Paul], Mirmehdi, M.[Majid],
Recognising Text in Real Scenes,
IJDAR(4), No. 4, 2002, pp. 243-257.
HTML Version. 0208
Find page boundaries or use neural net based texture. See also Rectifying Perspective Views of Text in 3D Scenes Using Vanishing Points. BibRef

Clark, P., Mirmehdi, M.,
Combining Statistical Measures to Find Image Text Regions,
ICPR00(Vol I: 450-453).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef
And:
Finding Text Regions using Localised Statistical Measures,
BMVC00(xx-yy).
PDF Version. 0009
BibRef

Crandall, D.[David], Antani, S.[Sameer], Kasturi, R.[Rangachar],
Extraction of special effects caption text events from digital video,
IJDAR(5), No. 2-3, April 2003, pp. 138-157.
HTML Version. 0308
BibRef

Crandall, D., Kasturi, R.,
Robust detection of stylized text events in digital video,
ICDAR01(865-869).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Gandhi, T.[Tarak], Kasturi, R.[Rangachar], Antani, S.[Sameer],
Application of Planar Motion Segmentation for Scene Text Extraction,
ICPR00(Vol I: 445-449).
IEEE DOI Link
HTML Version. 0009
BibRef

Wong, E.K.[Edward K.], Chen, M.Y.[Min-Ya],
A new robust algorithm for video text extraction,
PR(36), No. 6, June 2003, pp. 1397-1406.
WWW Version. 0304
BibRef

Wang, K.Q.[Kong-Qiao], Kangas, J.A.[Jari A.],
Character location in scene images from digital camera,
PR(36No. 10, October 2003, pp. 2287-2299.
WWW Version. 0308
BibRef

Wang, K.Q.[Kong-Qiao], Kangas, J.A.[Jari A.], Li, W.W.[Wen-Wen],
Character segmentation of color images from digital camera,
ICDAR01(210-214).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Bourlard, H.[Hervé],
Text detection and recognition in images and video frames,
PR(37), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 595-608.
WWW Version. 0401
BibRef
Earlier:
Text segmentation and recognition in complex background based on markov random field,
ICPR02(IV: 227-230).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Video text recognition using sequential Monte Carlo and error voting methods,
PRL(26), No. 9, 1 July 2005, pp. 1386-1403.
WWW Version. 0506
BibRef
Earlier:
Sequential Monte Carlo video text segmentation,
ICIP03(III: 21-24).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Robust video text segmentation and recognition with multiple hypotheses,
ICIP02(II: 433-436).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Bourlard, H.[Hervé], Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
Text Identification in Complex Background Using SVM,
CVPR01(II:621-626).
IEEE Abstract. 0110
Find the text in the video. Look for horizontal and vertical edge areas. BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
A localization/verification scheme for finding text in images and video frames based on contrast independent features and machine learning methods,
SP:IC(19), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 205-217.
WWW Version. 0402
BibRef

Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie], Zhang, J.[Jing], Waibel, A.,
Automatic Detection and Recognition of Signs From Natural Scenes,
IP(13), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 87-99.
IEEE DOI Link 0402
BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic detection of signs with affine transformation,
WACV02(32-36).
IEEE Abstract. 0303
BibRef

Wu, W.[Wen], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie],
Incremental Detection of Text on Road Signs,
CMU-CS-TR-04-116.
HTML Version. 0501
BibRef

Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie], Waibel, A.,
Calibration of a hybrid camera network,
ICCV03(150-155).
IEEE DOI Link 0311
BibRef

Gao, J.[Jiang], Yang, J.[Jie], Zhang, Y.[Ying], Waibel, A.[Alex],
Text Detection and Translation from Natural Scenes,
CMU-CS-TR-01-139, June 2001.
HTML Version. 0205
BibRef

Gao, J.[Jiang], Yang, J.[Jie],
An Adaptive Algorithm for Text Detection from Natural Scenes,
CVPR01(II:84-89).
IEEE Abstract. 0110
Character Recognition. Find text in video, then translate the text (i.e. Chinese character signs). BibRef

Zhang, J.[Jing], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Hannernan, A., Yang, J.[Jie], Waibel, A.,
A robust approach for recognition of text embedded in natural scenes,
ICPR02(III: 204-207).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
BibRef

Hua, X.S.[Xian-Sheng], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang],
An Automatic Performance Evaluation Protocol for Video Text Detection Algorithms,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 498-507.
IEEE Abstract. 0407
Evaluation, Text Detection. BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic performance evaluation for video text detection,
ICDAR01(545-550).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Agnihotri, L.[Lalitha], Dimitrova, N.[Nevenka],
Symbol Classification with shape features applied to neural network,
US_Patent6,731,788, May 4, 2004
WWW Version. BibRef 0405

Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming], Gao, W.[Wen], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin],
Fast and robust text detection in images and video frames,
IVC(23), No. 6, 1 June 2005, pp. 565-576.
WWW Version. 0505
BibRef

Li, X.J.[Xiao-Jun], Wang, W.Q.A.[Wei-Qi-Ang], Jiang, S.Q.A.[Shu-Qi-Ang], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming], Gao, W.[Wen],
Fast and effective text detection,
ICIP08(969-972).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Li, J.[Jia], Tian, Y.H.[Yong-Hong], Huang, T.J.[Tie-Jun], Gao, W.[Wen],
Multi-polarity text segmentation using graph theory,
ICIP08(3008-3011).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang], Gao, W.[Wen], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming],
Automatic text segmentation from complex background,
ICIP04(V: 2905-2908).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Gllavata, J.[Julinda], Freisleben, B.[Bernd],
Adaptive Fuzzy Text Segmentation in Images with Complex Backgrounds Using Color and Texture,
CAIP05(756).
Springer DOI Link 0509
BibRef

Wu, W.[Wen], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie],
Detection of text on road signs from video,
ITS(6), No. 4, December 2005, pp. 378-390.
IEEE DOI Link 0601
BibRef

Liu, Y.X.[Yang-Xing], Goto, S.[Satoshi], Ikenaga, T.[Takeshi],
A Contour-Based Robust Algorithm for Text Detection in Color Images,
IEICE(E89-D), No. 3, March 2006, pp. 1221-1230.
WWW Version. 0603
BibRef
Earlier:
A robust algorithm for text detection in color images,
ICDAR05(I: 399-403).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

di Federico, R.[Riccardo], Carrai, P.[Paola],
Text discrimination method and related apparatus,
US_Patent6,999,621, Feb 14, 2006
WWW Version. BibRef 0602

Mehrotra, S.[Sanjeev],
Text detection in continuous tone image segments,
US_Patent7,085,420, Aug 1, 2006
WWW Version. BibRef 0608

Karatzs, D.[Dimosthenis], Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos],
Colour text segmentation in web images based on human perception,
IVC(25), No. 5, 1 May 2007, pp. 564-577.
WWW Version. 0703
BibRef
Earlier:
Text extraction from web images based on a split-and-merge segmentation method using colour perception,
ICPR04(II: 634-637).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Two approaches for text segmentation in web images,
ICDAR03(131-137).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Fuzzy Segmentation of Characters in Web Images Based on Human Colour Perception,
DAS02(295 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
Web document image analysis; Colour document analysis; Character segmentation; Text segmentation; Colour images BibRef

Lim, J.[Jaeguyn], Park, J.[Jonghyun], Medioni, G.G.[Gerard G.],
Text segmentation in color images using tensor voting,
IVC(25), No. 5, 1 May 2007, pp. 671-685.
WWW Version. 0703
Tensor voting; Text segmentation; Mean shift-based density estimation; Adaptive median filter; Color component analysis BibRef

Park, J.[Jonghyun], Park, S.[Soonyoung],
Detection of Text Region and Segmentation from Natural Scene Images,
ISVC05(666-671).
Springer DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Mancas-Thillou, C.[Celine], Gosselin, B.[Bernard],
Color text extraction with selective metric-based clustering,
CVIU(107), No. 1-2, July-August 2007, pp. 97-107.
WWW Version. 0706
BibRef
Earlier:
Character Segmentation-by-Recognition Using Log-Gabor Filters,
ICPR06(II: 901-904).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Color text extraction from camera-based images: The impact of the choice of the clustering distance,
ICDAR05(I: 312-316).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef
Earlier:
Color Binarization for Complex Camera-based Images,
SPIE(NNNN), 2005. Electronic Imaging, pp. 301-308.
WWW Version. Clustering; Cosine-based similarity; Diffuse and specular surfaces; Natural scene; Text understanding BibRef

Mancas-Thillou, C.[Céline], Ferreira, S.[Silvio], Demeyer, J.[Jonathan], Minetti, C.[Christophe], Gosselin, B.[Bernard],
A Multifunctional Reading Assistant for the Visually Impaired,
JIVP(2007), 2007, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Peters, J.P., Thillou, C., Ferreira, S.,
Embedded reading device for blind people: a user-centered design,
AIPR04(217-222).
IEEE DOI Link 0410
BibRef

Liu, X.B.[Xia-Bi], Fu, H.[Hui], Jia, Y.D.[Yun-De],
Gaussian mixture modeling and learning of neighboring characters for multilingual text extraction in images,
PR(41), No. 2, February 2008, pp. 484-493.
WWW Version. 0711
Text extraction; Document analysis; Character recognition; Image retrieval; Gaussian mixture models; Discriminative training; EM algorithm BibRef

Fu, H.[Hui], Liu, X.B.[Xia-Bi], Jia, Y.D.[Yun-De], Deng, H.B.[Hong-Bin],
Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Neighbor Characters for Multilingual Text Extraction in Images,
ICIP06(3321-3324). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Qian, X.M.[Xue-Ming], Liu, G.Z.[Gui-Zhong], Wang, H.[Huan], Su, R.[Rui],
Text detection, localization, and tracking in compressed video,
SP:IC(22), No. 9, October 2007, pp. 752-768.
WWW Version. 0711
Text detection; DCT coefficient; Text tracking; Compressed video; Text line; Text localization; MPEG BibRef

Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang], Jiao, J.B.[Jian-Bin], Huang, J.[Jun], Yu, H.[Hua],
Text detection and restoration in natural scene images,
JVCIR(18), No. 6, December 2007, pp. 504-513.
WWW Version. 0711
Text detection; Text recognition; Text restoration BibRef

Wang, Z.S.[Zhe-Shen], Xu, X.Y.[Xin-Yu], Li, B.X.[Bao-Xin],
Enabling Seamless Access to Digital Graphical Contents for Visually Impaired Individuals via Semantic-Aware Processing,
JIVP(2007), 2007, pp. xx-yy.
WWW Version. 0804
BibRef

Wang, J.[Jian], Zhou, Y.H.[Yuan-Hua],
An Unsupervised Approach for Video Text Localization,
IEICE(E89-D), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 1582-1585.
WWW Version. 0604
BibRef

Wang, F.[Feng], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Pong, T.C.[Ting-Chuen],
Structuring low-quality videotaped lectures for cross-reference browsing by video text analysis,
PR(41), No. 10, October 2008, pp. 3257-3269.
WWW Version. 0808
Topic detection; Video text analysis; Super-resolution reconstruction; Synchronization of lecture videos and electronic slides BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki],
Redefining the DCT-based feature for scene text detection: Analysis and comparison of spatial frequency-based features,
IJDAR(11), No. 1, October 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Tanaka, M., Goto, H.,
Autonomous Text Capturing Robot Using Improved DCT Feature and Text Tracking,
ICDAR07(1178-1182).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
BibRef

Shiratori, H.[Hiroki], Goto, H.[Hideaki], Kobayashi, H.[Hiroaki],
An Efficient Text Capture Method for Moving Robots Using DCT Feature and Text Tracking,
ICPR06(II: 1050-1053).
WWW Version. 0609
BibRef

Saoi, T., Goto, H., Kobayashi, H.,
Text detection in color scene images based on unsupervised clustering of multi-channel wavelet features,
ICDAR05(II: 690-694).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Jung, C.K.[Cheol-Kon], Liu, Q.F.[Qi-Feng], Kim, J.K.[Joong-Kyu],
A stroke filter and its application to text localization,
PRL(30), No. 2, 15 January 2009, pp. 114-122,.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0804
A stroke filter; Text localization; Text information extraction BibRef

Jung, C.K.[Cheol-Kon], Liu, Q.F.[Qi-Feng], Kim, J.K.[Joong-Kyu],
Accurate text localization in images based on SVM output scores,
IVC(27), No. 9, 3 August 2009, pp. 1295-1301.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 0906
Text localization; SVM output score; Text line refinement; Classifier fusion BibRef

Kim, W., Kim, C.,
A New Approach for Overlay Text Detection and Extraction From Complex Video Scene,
IP(18), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 401-411.
IEEE DOI Link 0901
BibRef

Baba, Y.[Yoichiro], Hirose, A.[Akira],
Spectral Fluctuation Method: A Texture-Based Method to Extract Text Regions in General Scene Images,
IEICE(E92-D), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 1702-1715.
WWW Version. 0910
BibRef
Earlier:
Proposal of the hybrid spectral gradient method to extract character-text regions from general scene images,
ICIP04(I: 211-214).
IEEE DOI Link 0505
BibRef

Zhang, Y.[Yi], Tan, K.K.[Kok Kiong],
Text extraction from images captured via mobile and digital devices,
IJCVR(1), No. 1, 2009, pp. 34-58.
WWW Version. 0911
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Accurate video text detection through classification of low and high contrast images,
PR(43), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 2165-2185.
Elsevier DOI Link
WWW Version. 1003
Filters; Edge analysis; Heuristic rules; Low contrast; High contrast; Feature extraction; Text detection BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Gradient Difference Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(156-160).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
And:
A Robust Wavelet Transform Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(1285-1289).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
A Laplacian Method for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(66-70).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

dos Santos Cardoso, J.[Jaime],
Stable text line detection,
WACV09(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0912
BibRef

Halidan, A., Maitimusha, K., Yan, Z.[Zhou],
Uygur Words Localization in Single Frame Image of Complex Background,
CISP09(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0910
BibRef

O'Grady, R., Cohen, C.J., Beach, G., Moody, G.,
NaviGaze: enabling access to digital media for the profoundly disabled,
AIPR04(211-216).
IEEE DOI Link 0410
BibRef

Khurshid, K.[Khurram], Faure, C.[Claudie], Vincent, N.[Nicole],
Fusion of Word Spotting and Spatial Information for Figure Caption Retrieval in Historical Document Images,
ICDAR09(266-270).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Ohkura, A.[Ataru], Deguchi, D.[Daisuke], Takahashi, T.[Tomokazu], Ide, I.[Ichiro], Murase, H.[Hiroshi],
Low-Resolution Character Recognition by Video-Based Super-Resolution,
ICDAR09(191-195).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Maruyama, M.[Minoru], Yamaguchi, T.[Takuma],
Extraction of Characters on Signboards in Natural Scene Images by Stump Classifiers,
ICDAR09(1365-1369).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Yi, J.[Jian], Peng, Y.X.[Yu-Xin], Xiao, J.G.[Jian-Guo],
Using Multiple Frame Integration for the Text Recognition of Video,
ICDAR09(71-75).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Clavelli, A.[Antonio], Karatzas, D.[Dimosthenis],
Text Segmentation in Colour Posters from the Spanish Civil War Era,
ICDAR09(181-185).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Lettner, M.[Martin], Sablatnig, R.[Robert],
Spatial and Spectral Based Segmentation of Text in Multispectral Images of Ancient Documents,
ICDAR09(813-817).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Chowdhury, S.P.[Shyama Prosad], Dhar, S.[Soumyadeep], Das, A.K.[Amit Kumar], Chanda, B.[Bhabatosh], McMenemy, K.[Karen],
Robust Extraction of Text from Camera Images,
ICDAR09(1280-1284).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Zini, L.[Luca], Destrero, A.[Augusto], Odone, F.[Francesca],
A Classification Architecture Based on Connected Components for Text Detection in Unconstrained Environments,
AVSBS09(176-181).
IEEE DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Hanif, S.M.[Shehzad Muhammad], Prevost, L.[Lionel],
Text Detection and Localization in Complex Scene Images using Constrained AdaBoost Algorithm,
ICDAR09(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Pan, Y.F.[Yi-Feng], Hou, X.W.[Xin-Wen], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Text Localization in Natural Scene Images Based on Conditional Random Field,
ICDAR09(6-10).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Emmanouilidis, C.[Christos], Batsalas, C.[Costas], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
Development and Evaluation of Text Localization Techniques Based on Structural Texture Features and Neural Classifiers,
ICDAR09(1270-1274).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef

Fabrizio, J., Marcotegui, B., Cord, M.,
Text segmentation in natural scenes using Toggle-Mapping,
ICIP09(2373-2376).
IEEE DOI Link 0911
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Text Extraction from Street Level Images,
CMRT09(199-204).
PDF Version. 0909
BibRef

Goto, H.[Hideaki], Tanaka, M.[Makoto],
Text-Tracking Wearable Camera System for the Blind,
ICDAR09(141-145).
IEEE DOI Link 0907
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Text-tracking wearable camera system for visually-impaired people,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
Read text. BibRef

Zhou, H.N.[Han-Ning], Liu, Z.Y.[Zong-Yi],
Page frame segmentation for contextual advertising in print on demand books,
InterNet09(17-22).
IEEE DOI Link 0906
BibRef

Liu, Z.Y.[Zong-Yi], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep],
Robust outdoor text detection using text intensity and shape features,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Hanif, S.M.[Shehzad Muhammad], Prevost, L.[Lionel], Negri, P.A.[Pablo Augusto],
A cascade detector for text detection in natural scene images,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Liu, F.[Fang], Peng, X.[Xiang], Wang, T.[Tianjiang], Lu, S.F.[Song-Feng],
A density-based approach for text extraction in images,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Weinman, J.J.[Jerod J.], Learned-Miller, E.[Erik], Hanson, A.[Allen],
A discriminative semi-Markov model for robust scene text recognition,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI Link 0812
BibRef

Jafri, S.A.R.[Syed Ali Raza], Boutin, M.[Mireille], Delp, E.J.[Edward J.],
Automatic text area segmentation in natural images,
ICIP08(3196-3199).
IEEE DOI Link 0810
BibRef

Bernard, J.B.[Jean-Baptiste], Tlapale, E.[Emilien], Faure, G.[Geraldine], Castet, E.[Eric], Kornprobst, P.[Pierre],
Navisio: Towards an integrated reading aid system for low vision patients,
CVAVI08(xx-yy). 0810
BibRef

di Stefano, L.[Luigi], Tombari, F.[Federico], Lanza, A.[Alessandro], Mattoccia, S.[Stefano], Monti, S.[Stefano],
Graffiti Detection Using Two Views,
VS08(xx-yy). 0810
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Tombari, F.[Federico], di Stefano, L.[Luigi], Mattoccia, S.[Stefano], Zanetti, A.[Andrea],
Graffiti Detection Using a Time-Of-Flight Camera,
ACIVS08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0810
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Xu, P.F.[Peng-Fei], Ji, R.R.[Rong-Rong], Yao, H.X.[Hong-Xun], Sun, X.S.[Xiao-Shuai], Liu, T.Q.A.[Tian-Qi-Ang], Liu, X.M.[Xian-Ming],
Text Particles Multi-band Fusion for Robust Text Detection,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0806
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Zhou, J.C.[Jing-Chao], Xu, L.[Lei], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua], Dai, R.W.[Ru-Wei], Si, S.[Si],
A robust system for text extraction in video,
ICMV07(119-124).
IEEE DOI Link 0712
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Einsele, F.[Farshideh], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
A HMM-Based Approach to Recognize Ultra Low Resolution Anti-Aliased Words,
PReMI07(511-518).
Springer DOI Link 0712
Low resolution text, e.g. web images. BibRef

Kandan, R., Reddy, N.K.[Nirup Kumar], Arvind, K.R., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
A Robust Two Level Classification Algorithm for Text Localization in Documents,
ISVC07(II: 96-105).
Springer DOI Link 0711
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Dinh, V.C.[Viet Cuong], Chun, S.S.[Seong Soo], Cha, S.[Seungwook], Ryu, H.J.[Han-Jin], Sull, S.H.[Sang-Hoon],
An Efficient Method for Text Detection in Video Based on Stroke Width Similarity,
ACCV07(I: 200-209).
Springer DOI Link 0711
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Papavassiliou, V.[Vassilis], Stafylakis, T.[Themos], Katsouros, V.[Vassilis], Carayannis, G.[George],
A Parametric Spectral-Based Method for Verification of Text in Videos,
ICDAR07(879-883).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
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Beaufort, R., Mancas-Thillou, C.,
A Weighted Finite-State Framework for Correcting Errors in Natural Scene OCR,
ICDAR07(889-893).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
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Aradhye, H., Myers, G.,
Exploiting Videotext Events for Improved Videotext Detection,
ICDAR07(894-898).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
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Ma, Y., Wang, C., Xiao, B., Dai, R.,
Usage-Oriented Performance Evaluation for Text Localization Algorithms,
ICDAR07(1033-1037).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
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Subramanian, K., Natarajan, P., Decerbo, M., Castanon, D.,
Character-Stroke Detection for Text-Localization and Extraction,
ICDAR07(33-37).
IEEE DOI Link 0709
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Ichimura, N.[Naoyuki],
Recognizing Multiple Billboard Advertisements in Videos,
PSIVT06(463-473).
Springer DOI Link 0612
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Mancas-Thillou, C., Gosselin, B.,
Spatial and Color Spaces Combination for Natural Scene Text Extraction,
ICIP06(985-988). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Liu, Q.F.[Qi-Feng], Jung, C.K.[Cheol-Kon], Kim, S.K.[Sang-Kyun], Moon, Y.S.[Young-Soo], Kim, J.Y.[Ji-Yeun],
Stroke Filter for Text Localization in Video Images,
ICIP06(1473-1476). 0610

IEEE DOI Link BibRef

Bouaziz, B.[Bassem], Mahdi, W.[Walid], Hamadou, A.B.[Abdelmajid Ben],
A New Video Images Text Localization Approach Based on a Fast Hough Transform,
ICIAR06(I: 414-425).
Springer DOI Link 0610
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Farooq, F.[Faisal], Sridharan, K.[Karthik], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Identifying Handwritten Text in Mixed Documents,
ICPR06(II: 1142-1145).
WWW Version. 0609
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Shen, H.Y.[Hui-Ying], Coughlan, J.L.[James L.],
Grouping Using Factor Graphs: An Approach for Finding Text with a Camera Phone,
GbRPR07(394-403).
Springer DOI Link 0706
BibRef
Earlier:
Finding Text in Natural Scenes by Figure-Ground Segmentation,
ICPR06(IV: 113-118).
WWW Version. 0609
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And:
Reading LCD/LED Displays with a Camera Cell Phone,
EmbedCV06(119).
IEEE DOI Link 0609
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Claudino, L.M.B.[Leonardo M. B.], Braga, A.P.[Antônio P.], Araújo, A.A.[Arnaldo A.], Oliveira, A.F.[André F.],
Unsupervised Segmentation of Text Fragments in Real Scenes,
CIAP05(399-406).
Springer DOI Link 0509
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García-Mateos, G.[Ginés], García-Meroño, A.[Andrés], Vicente-Chicote, C.[Cristina], Ruiz, A.[Alberto], López-de-Teruel, P.E.[Pedro E.],
Time and Date OCR in CCTV Video,
CIAP05(703-710).
Springer DOI Link 0509
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Ezaki, N., Kiyota, K., Minh, B.T., Bulacu, M.[Marius], Schomaker, L.[Lambert],
Improved text-detection methods for a camera-based text reading system for blind persons,
ICDAR05(I: 257-261).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Ezaki, N., Bulacu, M.[Marius], Schomaker, L.[Lambert],
Text Detection from Natural Scene Images: Towards a System for Visually Impaired Persons,
ICPR04(II: 683-686).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
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Liu, C.M.[Chun-Mei], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Dai, R.W.[Ru-Wei],
Text detection in images based on unsupervised classification of edge-based features,
ICDAR05(II: 610-614).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
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Bargeron, D., Viola, P., Simard, P.Y.,
Boosting-based transductive learning for text detection,
ICDAR05(II: 1166-1171).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
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Li, C.[Chuang], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wu, Y.S.[You-Shou],
Automatic text location in natural scene images,
ICDAR01(1069-1073).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
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Nourbakhsh, F.[Farshad], Pati, P.B.[Peeta Basa], Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Text Localization and Extraction from Complex Gray Images,
ICCVGIP06(776-785).
Springer DOI Link 0612
BibRef

Raju, S.S.[S. Sabari], Pati, P.B., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Text Localization and Extraction from Complex Color Images,
ISVC05(486-493).
Springer DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Ji-Soo], Park, S.C.[Sang-Cheol], Kim, S.H.[Soo-Hyung],
Text locating from natural scene images using image intensities,
ICDAR05(II: 655-659).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Palma, D.[Duarte], Ascenso, J.[João], Pereira, F.[Fernando],
Automatic Text Extraction in Digital Video Based on Motion Analysis,
ICIAR04(I: 588-596).
WWW Version. 0409
BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yang], Lu, H.[Hong], Xue, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Tan, Y.P.[Yap-Peng],
Effective video text detection using line features,
ICARCV04(II: 1528-1532).
IEEE DOI Link 0412
BibRef

Umai, C.[Chan], Kassim, A., Yue, C.L.[Chew Lock],
Detection and Interpretation of Text Information in Noisy Video Sequences,
ICARCV06(1-4).
IEEE DOI Link 0612
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Zhang, D.Q.[Dong-Qing], Chang, S.F.[Shih-Fu],
Learning to Detect Scene Text Using a Higher-Order MRF with Belief Propagation,
LCV04(101).
IEEE DOI Link 0406
BibRef

Tang, L.J.[Li-Jun], Kender, J.R.,
A Unified Text Extraction Method for Instructional Videos,
ICIP05(III: 1216-1219).
IEEE DOI Link 0512
BibRef
And:
Educational video understanding: Mapping handwritten text to textbook chapters,
ICDAR05(II: 919-923).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Iwatsuka, K., Yamamoto, K., Kato, K.,
Development of a guide dog system for the blind people with character recognition ability,
ICPR04(I: 453-456).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Development of a guide dog system for the blind with character recognition ability,
CRV04(401-405).
IEEE Abstract. 0408
BibRef

Yamaguchi, T., Maruyama, M.,
Character extraction from natural scene images by hierarchical classifiers,
ICPR04(II: 687-690).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
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Sun, J.[Jun], Katsuyama, Y.[Yutaka], Naoi, S.[Satoshi],
Video Degradation Model and Its Application to Character Recognition in e-Learning Videos,
DAS04(555-558).
WWW Version. 0505
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Song, Y.J., Kim, K.C., Choi, Y.W., Byun, H.R., Kim, S.H., Chi, S.Y., Jang, D.K., Chung, Y.K.,
Text region extraction and text segmentation on camera-captured document style images,
ICDAR05(I: 172-176).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
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Kim, K.C., Byun, H.R., Song, Y.J., Choi, Y.W., Chi, S.Y., Kim, K.K., Chung, Y.K.,
Scene text extraction in natural scene images using hierarchical feature combining and verification,
ICPR04(II: 679-682).
IEEE DOI Link 0409
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Chen, X.R.[Xiang-Rong], Yuille, A.L.,
Detecting and reading text in natural scenes,
CVPR04(II: 366-373).
IEEE Abstract. 0408
BibRef

Iso, T., Kurakake, S., Sugimura, T.,
Visual-tag reader: image capture by cell phone camera,
ICIP03(III: 557-560).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Khedekar, S., Ramanaprasad, V., Setlur, S., Govindaraju, V.,
Text-image separation in Devanagari documents,
ICDAR03(1265-1269).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
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Tekinalp, S., Alatan, A.A.,
Utilization of texture, contrast and color homogeneity for detecting and recognizing text from video frames,
ICIP03(III: 505-508).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Mariano, V.Y., Kasturi, R.,
Detection of text marks on moving vehicles,
ICDAR03(393-397).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
BibRef

Haritaoglu, E.D., Haritaoglu, I.,
Real time image enhancement and segmentation for sign/text detection,
ICIP03(III: 993-996).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
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Haritaoglu, I.[Ismail],
Scene Text Extraction and Translation for Handheld Devices,
CVPR01(II:408-413).
IEEE Abstract. 0110
Character Recognition. Find text in video, then translate the text (i.e. Chinese character signs). BibRef

Byun, H.R.[Hye-Ran], Roh, M.C.[Myung-Cheol], Kim, K.C.[Kil-Cheon], Choi, Y.W.[Yeong-Woo], Lee, S.W.[Seong-Whan],
Scene Text Extraction in Complex Images,
DAS02(329 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
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Byun, H.R.[Hye-Ran], Jang, I.[Inyoung], Choi, Y.[Yeongwoo],
Text Extraction in Digital News Video Using Morphology,
DAS02(341 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
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Du, E.Y.[Eliza Yingzi], Chang, C.I.[Chein-I],
Thresholding video images for text detection,
ICPR02(III: 919-922).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
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Kise, K.[Koichi], Tsujino, M.[Masaaki], Matsumoto, K.[Keinosuke],
Spotting Where to Read on Pages: Retrieval of Relevant Parts from Page Images,
DAS02(388 ff.).
HTML Version. 0303
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Yamaguchi, T., Nakano, Y.,
Extraction of place-name from natural scenes,
FHR02(239-243).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
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Mao, W.[Wenge], Chung, F.L.[Fu-Lai], Lam, K.K.M., Sin, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Hybrid Chinese/English text detection in images and video frames,
ICPR02(III: 1015-1018).
IEEE DOI Link 0211
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Cal, M.[Min], Song, J.Q.A.[Ji-Qi-Ang], Lyu, M.R.,
A new approach for video text detection,
ICIP02(I: 117-120).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
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Zhang, D.Q.[Dong-Qing], Rajendran, R.K., Chang, S.F.[Shih-Fu],
General and domain-specific techniques for detecting and recognizing superimposed text in video,
ICIP02(I: 593-596).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
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Zhang, D.Q.[Dong-Qing], Chang, S.F.[Shih-Fu],
A bayesian framework for fusing multiple word knowledge models in videotext recognition,
CVPR03(II: 528-533).
IEEE Abstract. 0307
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Hua, X.S.[Xian-Sheng], Yin, P.[Pei], Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang],
Efficient video text recognition using multiple frame integration,
ICIP02(II: 397-400).
IEEE Abstract. 0210
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Wang, H.[Hao],
Automatic character location and segmentation in color scene images,
CIAP01(2-7).
IEEE Top Reference. 0210
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Bertucci, E., Pilu, M., Mirmehdi, M.,
Text selection by structured light marking for hand-held cameras,
ICDAR03(555-559).
IEEE Abstract. 0311
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Pilu, M., Pollard, S.,
A light-weight text image processing method for handheld embedded cameras,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208
BibRef

Perroud, T., Sobottka, K., Bunke, H.,
Text extraction from color documents-clustering approaches in three and four dimensions,
ICDAR01(937-941).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Shi, Z.[Zhixin], Setlur, S., Govindaraju, V.,
Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using adaptive local connectivity map,
ICDAR05(II: 794-798).
IEEE DOI Link 0508
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Miene, A., Hermes, T., Ioannidis, G.,
Extracting textual inserts from digital videos,
ICDAR01(1079-1083).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Wang, H.[Hao], Kangas, J.,
Character-like region verification for extracting text in scene images,
ICDAR01(957-962).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
BibRef

Mita, T., Hori, O.,
Improvement of video text recognition by character selection,
ICDAR01(1089-1093).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
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Jin, N.[Ning], Tang, Y.Y.,
Text area localization under complex-background using wavelet decomposition,
ICDAR01(1126-1130).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
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Wang, X.W.[Xue-Wen], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Character extraction and recognition in natural scene images,
ICDAR01(1084-1088).
IEEE DOI Link 0109
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Shiku, O.[Osamu], Kawasue, K.[Kikuhito], Nakamura, A.[Akira],
A Method for Character String Extraction Using Local and Global Segment Crowdedness,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1077-1080).
IEEE DOI Link 9808
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Wu, V.[Victor], Manmatha, R., Riseman, E.M.[Edward M.],
Automatic Text Detection and Recognition,
DARPA97(707-712). BibRef 9700

Wu, V.[Victor], Manmatha, R.,
Text Image Clean-Up and Thresholding: A Comparative Study,
DARPA98(1271-1276). BibRef 9800

Baumann, S., Ben Hadj Ali, M., Dengel, A.R., Jaeger, T., Malburg, M., Weigel, A., Wenzel, C.,
Message Extraction from Printed Documents: A Complete Solution,
ICDAR97(1055-1059).
IEEE DOI Link 9708
BibRef

Chutatape, O.[Opas], Li, L.[Li],
Character extraction from scene image using fuzzy entropy and rule-based technique,
CAIP97(597-604).
WWW Version. 9709
BibRef

Kuo, S.S., Ranganath, M.V.,
Real time image enhancement for both text and color photo images,
ICIP95(I: 159-162).
IEEE DOI Link 9510
BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Text vs. Non-Text Regions .