7.6 Extraction and Analysis of Connected Components and Boundaries

Loomis, R.G.,
Boundary networks,
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WWW Version. BibRef 6501

Rosenfeld, A., and Pfaltz, J.L.,
Sequential Operations in Digital Picture Processing,
JACM(13), No. 4, October 1966, pp. 471-494. Connected Components.
WWW Version. The original connected components paper (standard algorithm). BibRef 6610

Rosenfeld, A.,
Connectivity in Digital Pictures,
JACM(17), No. 1, January 1970, pp. 146-160. See also Thinning Algorithms for Gray-Scale Pictures. BibRef 7001

Rosenfeld, A.,
Arcs and Curves in Digital Pictures,
JACM(20), No. 1, January 1973, pp. 81-87. BibRef 7301

Rosenfeld, A.,
Adjacency in Digital Pictures,
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Rosenfeld, A.,
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PR(16), No. 1, 1983, pp. 47-50.
WWW Version. 9611
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Janos, L., Rosenfeld, A.,
Digital Connectedness: An Algebraic Approach,
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Melter, R.A., Rosenfeld, A.,
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Arcelli, C., and Levialdi, S.,
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Arcelli, C., Levialdi, S.,
On blob reconstruction,
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WWW Version. 0501
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Shelman, C.B.,
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WWW Version. BibRef 7205

Hirschberg, D.S., Chandra, A.K., and Sarwate, D.V.,
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Kameswara Rao, C.V., Danielsson, P.E., Kruse, B.,
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CGIP(8), No. 2, October 1978, pp. 299-309.
WWW Version. BibRef 7810

Chassery, J.M.,
Connectivity and Consecutivity in Digital Pictures,
CGIP(9), No. 3, March 1979, pp. 294-300.
WWW Version. BibRef 7903

Cordella, L.P., di Paolo, A.,
Contour Filling for Region Extraction,
SP(3), No. 5, July 1981, pp. 247-252. BibRef 8107

Danielsson, P.E.,
An Improved Segmentation and Coding Algorithm for Binary and Nonbinary Images,
IBMRD(26), No. 6, November 1982, pp. 698-707. Extended to multi-level, but not sequential. BibRef 8211

Distante, A., Veneziani, N.,
A Two-Pass Filling Algorithm for Raster Graphics,
CGIP(20), No. 3, November 1982, pp. 288-295.
WWW Version. BibRef 8211

Montani, C.,
Region Representation: Parallel Connected Stripes,
CVGIP(28), No. 2, November 1984, pp. 139-165. (Pisa Italy)
WWW Version. Representation of regions by stripes of a given width. This is meant as an alternative to the boundary encoding of the region which requires a lot of work to turn into a region. BibRef 8411

Lumia, R.[Ronald], Shapiro, L.G., and Zuniga, O.A.[Oscar A.],
A New Connected Components Algorithm for Virtual Memory Computers,
CVGIP(22), No. 2, May 1983, pp. 287-300.
WWW Version. BibRef 8305
Earlier: PRIP82(560-565). The equivalence array is the flaw in using the standard method, it grows too large and causes excessive paging. Uses two passes, first the standard method with the equivalence array only for the given line, then update the line. Second, repeat essentially the same from the bottom up. BibRef

Lumia, R.[Ronald],
A New Three-Dimensional Connected Components Algorithm,
CVGIP(23), No. 2, August 1983, pp. 207-217.
WWW Version. BibRef 8308

Guibas, L.J., Stolfi, J.,
On Computing All North-East Nearest Neighbors in the L1 Metric,
IPL(16), 1983, pp. 219-233. BibRef 8300

Hambrusch, S.E.,
VLSI Algorithms for the Connected Component Problem,
SIAM_JC(12), 1983, pp. 354-365. BibRef 8300

Nath, D., Maheswari, S.N.,
Parallel Algorithms for the Connected Components and Minimal Spanning Tree Problems,
IPL(14), 1983, pp. 47-50. BibRef 8300

Imai, H.,
Finding Connected Components of an Intersection Graph of Squares in the Euclidean Plane,
IPL(15), 1983, pp. 125-128. BibRef 8300

Thanisch, P., McNally, B.V., and Robin, A.,
Linear Time Algorithm for Finding a Picture's Connected Components,
IVC(2), No. 4, November 1984, pp. 191-197.
WWW Version. BibRef 8411

Nakamura, A.[Akira],
Parallel Sigma-erasing array acceptors,
CGIP(14), No. 1, September 1980, pp. 80-86.
WWW Version. 0501
BibRef

Inoue, K., Takanami, I., Nakamura, A.,
Connected Pictures Are not Recognizable by Deterministic Two Dimensional On-Line Tessellation Acceptors,
CVGIP(26), No. 1, April 1984, pp. 126-129.
WWW Version. BibRef 8404

Dinstein, I., Yen, D.W.L., and Flickner, M.D.,
Handling Memory Overflow in Connected Component Labeling Applications,
PAMI(7), No. 1, January 1985, pp. 116-121. BibRef 8501
Earlier:
Eliminating Memory Overflow in Connected Component Labeling Applications,
IBMResearch Report RJ 3937, June 1983. BibRef

Flickner, M.D.[Myron D.], Mohiuddin, K.M.A.[Kottappuram M. Ali],
Method and means for efficiently handling boundary conditions in connected component labeling,
US_Patent4,791,676, Dec 13, 1988
WWW Version. BibRef 8812

Atkinson, H.H., Gargantini, I., Walsh, T.R.S.,
Filling by Quadrants or Octants,
CVGIP(33), No. 2, February 1986, pp. 138-155.
WWW Version. BibRef 8602

Ottmann, T., Wood, D.,
Space-Economical Plane-Sweep Algorithms,
CVGIP(34), No. 1, April 1986, pp. 35-51.
WWW Version. BibRef 8604

Ferguson, Jr., M.M.[Merl M.],
Matrix method for finding sets of contiguous non-zero elements in a 2-dimensional array,
PR(19), No. 1, 1986, pp. 73.
WWW Version. 0309
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Tang, G.Y., Lien, B.,
Region Filling with the Use of the Discrete Green Theorem,
CVGIP(42), No. 3, June 1988, pp. 297-305.
WWW Version. BibRef 8806

Menon, S., and Smith, T.R.,
Boundary Matching Algorithm for Connected Component Labelling Using Linear Quadtrees,
IVC(6), No. 4, November 1988, pp. 215-224.
WWW Version. BibRef 8811

Cypher, R.E., Sanz, J.L.C., Snyder, L.,
An EREW PRAM Algorithm for Image Component Labeling,
PAMI(11), No. 3, March 1989, pp. 258-262.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. BibRef 8903

Cypher, R.E., Sanz, J.L.C., Snyder, L.,
Algorithms for Image Component Labeling on SIMD Mesh-Connected Computers,
TC(39), No. 2, February 1990, pp. 276-281. Parallel Architectures. BibRef 9002

Manohar, M., and Ramapriyan, H.K.,
Connected Component Labeling of Binary Images on a Mesh Connected Massively Parallel Processor,
CVGIP(45), No. 2, February 1989, pp. 133-149.
WWW Version. BibRef 8902

Ronse, C., Devijver, P.A.,
Connected Components in Binary Images: The Detection Problem,
WileyResearch Studies Press, 1984. BibRef 8400

Samet, H.,
Connected Component Labeling Using Quadtrees,
JACM(28), No. 3, July 1981, pp. 487-501. BibRef 8107

Samet, H., and Tamminen, M.,
Efficient Component Labeling of Images of Arbitrary Dimension Represented by Linear Bintrees,
PAMI(10), No. 4, July 1988, pp. 579-586.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. BibRef 8807
Earlier:
An Improved Approach to Connected Component Labeling of Images,
CVPR86(312-318). (with correction page). Method to use a small equivalence table, applicable to quad-tree representations (surprise). Programs are included. BibRef

Lunscher, W.H.H.J., and Beddoes, M.P.,
Fast Binary-Image Boundary Extraction,
CVGIP(38), No. 3, June 1987, pp. 229-257.
WWW Version. See also Formal Description for Two-Dimensional Patterns, A. which used a 3X2 pixel operator to denote boundaries. This uses a larger operator. BibRef 8706

Lochovsky, A.F.,
Algorithms for Realtime Component Labelling of Images,
IVC(6), No. 1, February 1988, pp. 21-28.
WWW Version. BibRef 8802

Shih, Z.C., Lee, R.C.T., Yang, S.N.,
A Systolic Algorithm for Extracting Regions from a Planar Graph,
CVGIP(47), No. 2, August 1989, pp. 227-242.
WWW Version. BibRef 8908

Han, Y., Wagner, R.A.,
An Efficient and Fast Parallel-Connected Component Algorithm,
JACM(37), No. 3, July 1990, pp. 626-642. BibRef 9007

Hecquard, J., Acharya, R.,
Connected Component Labeling With Linear Octree,
PR(24), No. 6, 1991, pp. 515-531.
WWW Version. BibRef 9100

Dillencourt, M.B., Samet, H., Tamminen, M.,
A General Approach to Connected-Component Labeling for Arbitrary Image Representations,
JACM(39), No. 2, April 1992, pp. 253-280. BibRef 9204
And: Correction: JACM(39), No. 4, October 1992, pp. 985-986. BibRef

Alnuweiri, H.M., Prasanna, V.K.,
Parallel Architectures and Algorithms for Image Component Labeling,
PAMI(14), No. 10, October 1992, pp. 1014-1034.
IEEE Abstract.
WWW Version. BibRef 9210

Embrechts, H.[Hugo], Roose, D.[Dirk], Wambacq, P.[Patrick],
Component Labelling on a MIMD Multiprocessor,
CVGIP(57), No. 2, March 1993, pp. 155-165.
WWW Version. BibRef 9303

Biswas, P.K., Mukherjee, J., Chatterji, B.N.,
Component Labeling In Pyramid Architecture,
PR(26), No. 7, July 1993, pp. 1099-1115.
WWW Version. BibRef 9307

Olariu, S., Schwing, J.L., Zhang, J.,
Fast Component Labelling and Convex Hull Computation on Reconfigurable Meshes,
IVC(11), No. 7, September 1993, pp. 447-455.
WWW Version. BibRef 9309

Ziavras, S.G.,
Connected Component Labelling on the Blitzen Massively Parallel Processor,
IVC(11), No. 10, December 1993, pp. 665-668.
WWW Version. BibRef 9312

Chiavetta, F., di Gesu, V., Renda, R.,
A Parallel Algorithm for Analyzing Connected Components in Binary Images,
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Chiavetta, F., di Gesu, V.,
Digital connectedness via connectivity graph,
ICPR92(III:646-649).
IEEE DOI Link 9208
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di Gesù, V.[Vito], Mantaci, S.[Salvatore], Tortorici, G.[Gaetano],
Compression of binary images based on covering,
CAIP95(568-573).
Springer DOI Link 9509
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Yang, X.D.,
An Improved Algorithm for Labeling Connected Components in a Binary Image,
CVIP92(555-569). BibRef 9200
Earlier:
Design of Fast Connected Components Hardware,
CVPR88(937-944).
IEEE Abstract. BibRef

Thurfjell, L.[Lennart], Hengtsson, E.[Ewert], Nordin, B.[Bo],
A New Three-Dimensional Connected Components Labeling Algorithm with Simultaneous Object Feature Extraction Capability,
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Ranganathan, N., Mehrotra, R., Subramanian, S.,
A High-Speed Systolic Architecture for Labeling Connected Components in an Image,
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Nicol, C.J.,
A Systolic Approach For Real-Time Connected Component Labeling,
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WWW Version. BibRef 9501
Earlier:
A Systolic Architecture for Labeling the Connected Components in Multi-Valued Images in Real Time,
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IEEE Abstract. Mostly the hardware implementation. BibRef

Dellepiane, S.G., Fontana, F.,
Extraction of Intensity Connectedness for Image-Processing,
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Gavankar, P.S., Henderson, M.R.,
Graph-Based Extraction of 2-Connected Morphological Features from Boundary Representations,
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Suraweera, F., and Bhattacharya, P.,
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Wang, Y., Bhattacharya, P.,
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WWW Version. 9608
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Shi, H.,
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Lopez, M.A., and Thurimella, R.,
On Computing Connected Components of Line Segments,
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Belkhale, K.P., Banerjee, P.,
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Fuzzy Connectivity and Mathematical Morphology,
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Concave Fuzzy Set: A Concept Complementary to the Convex Fuzzy Set,
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Nakamura, A., Aizawa, K.,
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Banerjee, S.,
An Optimal Algorithm to Find the Degrees of Connectedness in an Undirected Edge-Weighted Graph,
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Mukherjee, J., Das, P.P., Chatterjee, B.N.,
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Saint-Marc, P., Hospital, M., Richetin, M.,
Pattern Recognition by Traversal of Connected Components of a Line Segments Field,
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Phillips, T.H.,
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Helterbrand, J.D., Davidson, J.L.D., and Cressie, N.,
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Helterbrand, J.D.,
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Locality and Adjacency Stability Constraints for Morphological Connected Operators,
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Bykov, A.I.[Alexander I.], Zerkalov, L.G.[Leonid G.], Velasco, F.J.A., Pineda, M.A.R.,
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Chen, T.[Tao], Chen, L.H.[Li-Hui],
Fast mapping algorithm for histogram to binary set conversion,
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He, H.[Hao], Chen, Y.Q.[Yan Qiu],
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Ren, M.W.[Ming-Wu], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Sun, H.[Han],
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WWW Version. 0202
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Khanna, V.[Vikrant], Gupta, P.[Phalguni], Hwang, C.J.,
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WWW Version. 0206
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Parker, G.J.M., Wheeler-Kingshott, C.A.M., Barker, G.J.,
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Regentova, E.[Emma], Latifi, S.[Shahram], Deng, S.[Shulan], Yao, D.S.[Dong-Sheng],
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Suzuki, K.[Kenji], Horiba, I.[Isao], Sugie, N.[Noboru],
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WWW Version. 0301
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Fast Connected-component Labeling Based on Sequential Local Operations in the Course of Forward Raster Scan Followed by Backward Raster Scan,
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Yang, Y.[Yang], Zhang, D.[David],
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Hashimoto, R.F.[Ronaldo Fumio], Barrera, J.[Junior],
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.], Goutsias, J.[John],
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.], Goutsias, J.[John],
Connectivity on Complete Lattices: New Results,
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.], Goutsias, J.[John],
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.], Goutsias, J.[John],
Object-based image analysis using multiscale connectivity,
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IEEE Abstract. 0506
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.],
Multiscale Connected Operators,
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Goutsias, J.,
Stochastic pyramids for multiscale signal synthesis and analysis,
ICIP94(I: 850-854).
IEEE DOI Link 9411
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Goutsias, J.,
A Comparative Study of Two Useful Discrete-Valued Random Fields for the Statistical Modeling of Images,
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Braga-Neto, U.M.[Ulisses M.], Goutsias, J.[John],
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Chang, F.[Fu], Chen, C.J.[Chun-Jen],
A component-labeling algorithm using contour tracing technique,
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IEEE Abstract. 0311
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Hu, Q.M.[Qing-Mao], Qian, G.Y.[Guo-Yu], Nowinski, W.L.[Wieslaw L.],
Fast connected-component labelling in three-dimensional binary images based on iterative recursion,
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Kung, N.[Nina], Albertelli, L.E.[Lawrence E.], Ii, D.L.[David L.],
Grayscale image connected components segmentation,
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Martín-Herrero, J.,
Hybrid object labelling in digital images,
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Recursive connected component labeling. BibRef

Wilkinson, M.H.F.[Michael H.F.],
Attribute-space connectivity and connected filters,
IVC(25), No. 4, April 2007, pp. 426-435.
WWW Version. 0702
Mathematical morphology; Connectivity; Hyperconnectivity; Multi-scale analysis; Connected filters; Perceptual grouping BibRef

Wilkinson, M.H.F.[Michael H.F.], Gao, H.[Hui], Hesselink, W.H.[Wim H.], Jonker, J.E.[Jan-Eppo], Meijster, A.[Arnold],
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Allili, M.[Madjid], Corriveau, D.[David], Derivière, S.[Sara], Kaczynski, T.[Tomasz], Trahan, A.[Anik],
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Weak inclusions and digital spaces,
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Digital space; Weak inclusion; Connectedness; Pretopology Pretopological space can be defined as in terms of either filters or a preclosure operator. BibRef

Soille, P.[Pierre], Vogt, P.[Peter],
Morphological segmentation of binary patterns,
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Morphological image analysis; Pattern segmentation; Connectivity BibRef

Soille, P.[Pierre], Grazzini, J.[Jacopo],
Constrained Connectivity and Transition Regions,
ISMM09(59-69).
Springer DOI Link 0908
BibRef
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Advances in Constrained Connectivity,
DGCI08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI Link 0804
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Aizawa, K.[Kunio], Tanaka, S.[Shojiro], Motomura, K.[Koyo], Kadowaki, R.[Ryosuke],
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He, L.F.[Li-Feng], Chao, Y.Y.[Yu-Yan], Suzuki, K.J.[Ken-Ji], Wu, K.S.[Ke-Sheng],
Fast connected-component labeling,
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Chen, L.[Li],
lambda-Connectedness Determination for Image Segmentation,
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And: See also Sequential Approach to the Extraction of Shape Features, A.

Chapter on 2-D Feature Analysis, Extraction and Representations, Shape, Skeletons, Texture continues in
Two Dimensional Data Representations, Image Order .