9.10 Depth and Shape from Focus, Changing Camera Parameters

Chapter Contents (Back)
Shape from Focus. Depth from Focus. Shape from Defocus. Blur. Focusing.
See also Depth of Field, Desctiptions.
See also Multi-Focus Fusion, Multi-Focal Fusion.

Horn, B.K.P.[Berthold K.P.],
Focusing,
MIT AI Memo160, May 1968. Early shape from focus. BibRef 6805

Stauffer, N.L.[Norman L.],
Focus detecting apparatus,
US_Patent4,002,899, 01/11/1977.
HTML Version. BibRef 7701
Earlier:
Distance determining and automatic focusing apparatus,
US_Patent3,958,117, May 18, 1976.
WWW Link. Part of the early Honeywell focus work for auto focus cameras. BibRef

Hosoe, K.[Kazuya], Niwa, Y.[Yukichi], Tsunekawa, T.[Tokuichi], Owada, M.[Mitsutoshi], Asano, N.[Noriyuki], Masunaga, M.[Makoto],
Device for focus detection or distance detection,
US_Patent4,257,705, 03/24/1981.
HTML Version. BibRef 8103

Grossmann, P.,
Depth from Focus,
PRL(5), No. 1, 1987, pp. 63-69. BibRef 8700

Adelson, E.H.[Edward H.],
Depth-of-focus imaging process method,
US_Patent4,661,986, 04/28/1987.
HTML Version. Use pyramid technique. BibRef 8704

Lai, S.H., Fu, C.W., and Chang, S.,
A Generalized Depth Estimation Algorithm with a Single Image,
PAMI(14), No. 4, April 1992, pp. 405-411.
IEEE DOI Generalization of Pentland.
See also New Sense for Depth of Field, A. BibRef 9204

Cardillo, J., and Sid-Ahmed, M.A.,
3-D Position Sensing Using a Passive Monocular Vision System,
PAMI(13), No. 8, August 1991, pp. 809-813.
IEEE DOI Given the geometric model of the camera position and orientation, world coordinates are possible from image coordinates. Measure different blurs to get accurate positions. BibRef 9108

Ens, J., and Lawrence, P.,
An Investigation of Methods for Determining Depth from Focus,
PAMI(15), No. 2, February 1993, pp. 97-108.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9302
Earlier:
A Matrix Based Method for Determining Depth from Focus,
CVPR91(600-606).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Nayar, S.K., Nakagawa, Y.,
Shape from Focus,
PAMI(16), No. 8, August 1994, pp. 824-831.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9408
And: CMU-RI-TR-89-27, CMU Robotics Institute, November 1989. BibRef

Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.], Watanabe, M.[Masahiro], Noguchi, M.[Minori],
Real-Time Focus Range Sensor,
PAMI(18), No. 12, December 1996, pp. 1186-1198.
IEEE DOI 9701
BibRef
Earlier: ICCV95(995-1001).
IEEE DOI BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
Real-Time Implementation of Depth from Defocus,
SPIE(2599), Three-Dimensional and Unconventional Imaging for Industrial Inspection and Metrology, January 1996, pp. 14-25, Fast (30Hz), dense depth. BibRef

Watanabe, M.[Masahiro], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Telecentric Optics for Focus Analysis,
PAMI(19), No. 12, December 1997, pp. 1360-1365.
IEEE DOI 9712
BibRef
Earlier:
Telecentric Optics for Computational Vision,
ECCV96(II:439-451).
Springer DOI BibRef ARPA96(781-786). Allows constant magnification with focusing control. Telecentric optics obtained by adding an aperture to a conventional lens. Image magnification is invariant to the position of the sensor plane. BibRef

Watanabe, M.[Masahiro], and Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Minimal Operator Set for Passive Depth from Defocus,
CVPR96(431-438).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9600

Noguchi, M., Nayar, S.K.,
Microscopic Shape from Focus Using Active Illumination,
ICPR94(A:147-152).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9400

Nayar, S.K.,
Shape from Focus System,
CVPR92(302-308).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9200
Earlier:
Shape from Focus System for Rough Surfaces,
DARPA92(593-606). Detailed results from a working system, get details using focus. BibRef

Nayar, S.K., and Nakagawa, Y.,
Shape from Focus: An Effective Approach for Rough Surfaces,
CRA90(218-225). BibRef 9000

Zhang, L., and Nayar, S.K.,
Projection Defocus Analysis for Scene Capture and Image Display,
ToG(25), July 2006, pp. xx-yy.
PDF File. BibRef 0607

Zhou, C.Y.[Chang-Yin], Lin, S.[Stephen], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Coded Aperture Pairs for Depth from Defocus and Defocus Deblurring,
IJCV(93), No. 1, May 2011, pp. 53-72.
WWW Link. 1104
BibRef
Earlier:
Coded aperture pairs for depth from defocus,
ICCV09(325-332).
IEEE DOI 0909
BibRef

Zhou, C.Y.[Chang-Yin], Nayar, S.K.,
What are good apertures for defocus deblurring?,
ICCP09(1-8).
IEEE DOI 1208
BibRef

Subbarao, M., Surya, G.,
Depth From Defocus: A Spatial Domain Approach,
IJCV(13), No. 3, December 1994, pp. 271-294.
Springer DOI BibRef 9412
Earlier: A2, A1:
Depth from Defocus by Changing Camera Aperture: A Spatial Domain Approach,
CVPR93(61-67).
IEEE DOI BibRef
And:
Application of Spatial-Domain Convolution/Deconvolution Transform for Determining Distance from Image Defocus,
SPIE(1822), OE/Boston, November 1992. BibRef

Subbarao, M., Choi, T.,
Accurate Recovery of 3-Dimensional Shape from Image Focus,
PAMI(17), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 266-274.
IEEE DOI Analyze the "surface" formed by a set of points where the points are focused by the lens. BibRef 9503

Choi, T.[Tae],
Accurate 3-D Shape Recovery using Curved Window Focus Measure,
ICIP99(III:910-914).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Krishnan, A.[Arun], and Ahuja, N.[Narendra],
Range Estimation from Focus Using a Non-Frontal Imaging Camera,
IJCV(20), No. 3, 1996, pp. 169-186. BibRef 9600
Earlier:
Range Estimation from Focus Using an Active Non-Frontal Imaging Camera,
DARPA93(959-965). BibRef
And: AAAI-93(830-835). The focus position changes across the image plane. BibRef

Ahuja, N.[Narendra], and Krishnan, A.[Arun],
Obtaining Focused Images Using a Non-frontal Imaging Camera,
ARPA94(I:617-620). Camera, Variable Focus. BibRef 9400

Castano, A., Ahuja, N.,
Omnifocused 3D Display Using the Nonfrontal Imaging Camera,
CVVRHC98(Sensing and Rendering Real Scenes). BibRef 9800

Nguyen, T.C.[Thang C.], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Image Blurring Effects Due to Depth Discontinuities: Blurring That Creates Emergent Image Details,
IVC(10), No. 10, December 1992, pp. 689-698.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9212
Earlier: ECCV92(347-362).
Springer DOI Blurring due to depth. BibRef

Xu, S., Capson, D.W., Caelli, T.M.,
Range Measurement from Defocus Gradient,
MVA(8), No. 3, 1995, pp. 179-186. BibRef 9500

Marshall, J.A., Burbeck, C.A., Ariely, D., Rolland, J.P., Martin, K.E.,
Occlusion Edge Blur: A Cue to Relative Visual Depth,
JOSA-A(13), No. 4, April 1996, pp. 681-688. BibRef 9604

Dantu, R.V., Dimopoulos, N.J., Patel, R.V., Al-Khalili, A.J.,
Depth Perception Using Blurring and Its Application in VLSI Wafer Probing,
MVA(5), 1992, pp. 35-45. BibRef 9200

Sasaki, S.[Shigeru], Toriu, T.[Takashi], Ohta, Y.[Yoshiyuki], Watanabe, M.[Masaki],
Distance measuring method and a distance measuring apparatus,
US_Patent5,576,975, Nov 19, 1996
WWW Link. 2 images, different blur BibRef 9611

Farid, H., Simoncelli, E.P.,
Range Estimation by Optical Differentiation,
JOSA-A(15), No. 7, July 1998, pp. 1777-1786.
HTML Version. And
PS File. 9807
BibRef

Simoncelli, E.P., and Farid, H.,
Single lens range imaging method and apparatus,
US_Patent5,703,677, December 30, 1997.
WWW Link. Optical differentiation using masks. BibRef 9712
Earlier:
Direct Differential Range Estimation Using Optical Masks,
ECCV96(II:82-93).
Springer DOI Use different masks to get the range. Depth from defocus, stereo, apodization. or for postscript version:
PS File. or Look under
HTML Version. BibRef

Farid, H., Simoncelli, E.P.,
Differentiation of Discrete Multidimensional Signals,
IP(13), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 496-508.
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef

Holeva, L.F.,
Range Estimation from Camera Blur by Regularized Adaptive Identification,
PRAI(8), 1994, pp. 1273-1300. BibRef 9400

Darrell, T.J.[Trevor J.], Wohn, K.,
Depth from Focus Using a Pyramid Architecture,
PRL(11), 1990, pp. 787-796. BibRef 9000
Earlier:
Pyramid Based Depth from Focus,
CVPR88(504-509).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Abersfelder, G.[Guenter], Grantz, H.[Helmut], Odebrecht, W.[Wolfgang],
System for monitoring the front or rear parking space of a motor vehicle,
US_Patent5,646,614, 07/08/1997.
HTML Version. Based on fuzzyness, focus. BibRef 9707

Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis], Rajagopalan, A.N.,
Depth from Defocus: A Real Aperture Imaging Approach,
Springer-VerlagNew York, 1998. ISBN: 0-387-98635-9. Depth when multiple defocused images are available. BibRef 9800

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S.,
A Variational Approach to Recovering Depth from Defocused Images,
PAMI(19), No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1158-1164.
IEEE DOI 9710
BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S.,
Performance Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Recovery of Depth from Defocused Images and Optimal Selection of Camera Parameters,
IJCV(30), No. 3, December 1998, pp. 175-190.
DOI Link BibRef 9812

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S.,
MRF model-based identification of shift-variant point spread function for a class of imaging systems,
SP(76), No. 3, 2 August 1999, pp. 285-299. BibRef 9908

Rajagopalan, A.N.[Ambasamudram N.], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis], Chellappa, R.[Rama],
Quantitative analysis of error bounds in the recovery of depth from defocused images,
JOSA-A(17), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1722-1731. 0010
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
A Quantitative Analysis of Error Bounds in the Recovery of depth from Defocused Images,
UMD--TR4049, September 1999.
WWW Link. BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S.,
A Recursive Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Based Identification of Blur from Multiple Observations,
IP(7), No. 7, July 1998, pp. 1075-1079.
IEEE DOI 9807
BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S.,
An MRF Model-Based Approach to Simultaneous Recovery of Depth and Restoration from Defocused Images,
PAMI(21), No. 7, July 1999, pp. 577-589.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9907
Earlier:
Simultaneous Depth Recovery and Image Restoration from Defocused Images,
CVPR99(I: 348-353).
IEEE DOI BibRef
And: Add A2: Chellappa, R.[Rama], UMD--TR4002, April 1999.
WWW Link. BibRef
Earlier:
A block shift-variant blur model for recovering depth from defocused images,
ICIP95(III: 636-639).
IEEE DOI 9510
Used two defocused images. BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., and Chaudhuri, S.,
Optimal Recovery of Depth from Defocused Images Using an MRF Model,
ICCV98(1047-1052).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800
Earlier:
Optimal Selection of Camera Parameters for Recovery of Depth from Defocused Images,
CVPR97(219-224).
IEEE DOI 9704
Two defocussed images; depth from focus. BibRef

Bhasin, S.[Sundeep], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis],
Depth from Defocus in Presence of Partial Self Occlusion,
ICCV01(I: 488-493).
IEEE DOI 0106
BibRef

Rajan, D.[Deepu], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis],
Simultaneous Estimation of Super-Resolved Scene and Depth Map from Low Resolution Defocused Observations,
PAMI(25), No. 9, September 2003, pp. 1102-1117.
IEEE Abstract. 0309
BibRef
Earlier:
Simultaneous Estimation of Super-Resolved Intensity and Depth Maps from Low Resolution Defocused Observations of a Scene,
ICCV01(I: 113-118).
IEEE DOI 0106
Super Resolution. Extend super-resolution ideas to the generation of depth. BibRef

Asada, N.[Naoki], Fujiwara, H.[Hisanaga], Matsuyama, T.[Takashi],
Edge and Depth from Focus,
IJCV(26), No. 2, February 1998, pp. 153-163.
DOI Link 9804
BibRef

Watanabe, M., Nayar, S.K.,
Rational Filters for Passive Depth from Defocus,
IJCV(27), No. 3, May 1998, pp. 203-225.
DOI Link
PDF File.
WWW Link. 9805
Code, Depth from Focus. BibRef

Tsai, D.M.[Du-Ming], Lin, C.T.[Chin-Tun],
A Moment-Preserving Approach for Depth from Defocus,
PR(31), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 551-560.
Elsevier DOI 9805
computationally fast method. BibRef

Pham, D.T., Aslantas, V.,
Depth from defocusing using a neural network,
PR(32), No. 5, May 1999, pp. 715-727.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9905

Aslantas, V., Pham, D.T.,
Depth from automatic defocusing,
OptExp(15), No. 3, 2007, pp. 1011-1023. BibRef 0700

Looney, C.G.[Carl G.],
Nonlinear Rule-based Convolution for Refocusing,
RealTimeImg(6), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 29-37. 0003
BibRef

Schechner, Y.Y.[Yoav Y.], Kiryati, N.[Nahum], and Basri, R.[Ronen],
Separation of Transparent Layers using Focus,
IJCV(39), No. 1, August 2000, pp. 25-39.
DOI Link 0008
BibRef
Earlier: ICCV98(1061-1066).
IEEE DOI
See also Polarization and statistical analysis of scenes containing a semireflector. BibRef

Schechner, Y.Y.[Yoav Y.], Kiryati, N.[Nahum],
Depth from Defocus vs. Stereo: How Different Really Are They?,
IJCV(39), No. 2, September 2000, pp. 141-162.
DOI Link 0008
BibRef
Earlier:
The Optimal Axial Interval in Estimating Depth from Defocus,
ICCV99(843-848).
IEEE DOI BibRef
Earlier: ICPR98(Vol II: 1784-1786).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Zhang, Y.N.[Ya-Ni], Zhang, Y.[Ying], Wen, C.Y.[Chang-Yun],
A new focus measure method using moments,
IVC(18), No. 12, September 2000, pp. 959-965.
Elsevier DOI 0008
2nd or 4th order central moments of a sequence of images. BibRef

Ziou, D.[Djemel], Deschenes, F.[Francois],
Depth from Defocus Estimation in Spatial Domain,
CVIU(81), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 143-165.
DOI Link 0103
BibRef

Ziou, D.[Djemel],
Passive Depth from Defocus Using a Spatial Domain Approach,
ICCV98(799-804).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Deschenes, F.[Francois], Ziou, D.[Djemel], Fuchs, P.[Philippe],
Improved estimation of defocus blur and spatial shifts in spatial domain: a homotopy-based approach,
PR(36), No. 9, September 2003, pp. 2105-2125.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef
Earlier:
Simultaneous Computation of Defocus Blur and Apparent Shifts in Spatial Domain,
VI02(236).
PDF File. 0208
BibRef
And:
Homotopy-based estimation of depth cues in spatial domain,
ICPR02(III: 627-630).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Deschenes, F.[Francois], Ziou, D.[Djemel], Fuchs, P.[Philippe],
A homotopy-based approach for computing defocus blur and affine transform simultaneously,
PR(41), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 2263-2282.
Elsevier DOI 0804
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, Only:
Homotopy-based computation of defocus blur and affine transform,
CVPR03(I: 398-404).
IEEE DOI 0307
Unified model; Defocus blur; Affine matching; Homotopy method; Generalized moment expansion BibRef

Levesque, D.[Daniel], Deschenes, F.[Francois],
Novel depth cues from light scattering,
IVC(27), No. 1-2, January 2009, pp. 19-36.
Elsevier DOI 0811
BibRef
Earlier:
Detection of Occlusion Edges from the Derivatives of Weather Degraded Images,
CRV05(114-120).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef
Earlier:
Sparse scene structure recovery from atmospheric degradation,
ICPR04(I: 84-87).
IEEE DOI 0409
Light scattering; 3D structure; Occlusion; Weather degraded image BibRef

Asif, M., Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Shape from focus using multilayer feedforward neural networks,
IP(10), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1670-1675.
IEEE DOI 0201
BibRef

Rayala, J., Gupta, S., Mullick, S.K.,
Estimation of depth from defocus as polynomial system identification,
VISP(148), No. 5, October 2001, pp. 356-362. 0201
BibRef

van Dam, M.A.[Marcos A.], Lane, R.G.[Richard G.],
Tip/tilt estimation from defocused images,
JOSA-A(19), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 745-752.
WWW Link. 0204
BibRef

Favaro, P.[Paolo], Mennucci, A.[Andrea], Soatto, S.[Stefano],
Observing Shape from Defocused Images,
IJCV(52), No. 1, April 2003, pp. 25-43.
DOI Link 0301
BibRef

Mennucci, A.[Andrea], Soatto, S.[Stefano],
On observing shape from defocused images,
CIAP99(550-555).
IEEE DOI 9909
BibRef

Favaro, P.[Paolo], Soatto, S.[Stefano],
A Geometric Approach to Shape from Defocus,
PAMI(27), No. 3, March 2005, pp. 406-417.
IEEE Abstract. 0501
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
A Geometric Approach to Blind Deconvolution with Application to Shape from Defocus,
CVPR00(II: 10-17).
IEEE DOI
PDF File. 0005

See also Light Field Camera: Extended Depth of Field, Aliasing, and Superresolution, The. BibRef

Favaro, P., Osher, S.J., Soatto, S., Vese, L.A.,
3D shape from anistropic diffusion,
CVPR03(I: 179-186).
IEEE DOI 0307
BibRef

Favaro, P.[Paolo],
Shape from Focus and Defocus: Convexity, Quasiconvexity and Defocus-Invariant Textures,
ICCV07(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0710
BibRef

Jin, H.L.[Hai-Lin], Favaro, P.[Paolo],
A Variational Approach to Shape from Defocus,
ECCV02(II: 18 ff.). Award, ECCV.
Springer DOI
PDF File. 0205
BibRef

Favaro, P.[Paolo], Soatto, S.[Stefano],
Seeing beyond occlusions (and other marvels of a finite lens aperture),
CVPR03(II: 579-586).
IEEE DOI 0307
Reconstruct the geometry and photometry of a scene with occlusions from a collection of defocused images. BibRef

Favaro, P.[Paolo], Soatto, S.[Stefano],
Learning Shape from Defocus,
ECCV02(II: 735 ff.).
Springer DOI
PDF File. 0205
BibRef
Earlier:
Shape and Radiance Estimation from the Information Divergence of Blurred Images,
ECCV00(I: 755-768).
Springer DOI
PDF File. 0003
BibRef

Dou, Q.X.[Qing-Xu], Favaro, P.[Paolo],
Off-axis aperture camera: 3D shape reconstruction and image restoration,
CVPR08(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0806
Change aperture of camera for 3D info. BibRef

Ghita, O.[Ovidiu], Whelan, P.F.[Paul F.],
A bin picking system based on depth from defocus,
MVA(13), No. 4, 2003, pp. 234-244.
WWW Link. 0304
BibRef

Wang, J.H.[Ju-Hui], Trubuil, A., Graffigne, C., Kaeffer, B.,
3-D aggregated object detection and labeling from multivariate confocal microscopy images: A model validation approach,
SMC-B(33), No. 4, August 2003, pp. 572-581.
IEEE Abstract. 0308
BibRef

Wang, J.H.[Ju-Hui], Trubuil, A., Graffigne, C.,
3D biological object detection and labeling in multidimensional microscopy imaging,
CIAP01(215-220).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Wang, J.H.[Ju-Hui], Trubuil, A.,
Model-based 3d object detection from multivariate confocal microscopy images,
ICIP02(II: 933-936).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Subramanian, A.[Anbumani], Iyer, L.R.[Lakshmi R.], Abbott, A.L.[A. Lynn], Bell, A.E.[Amy E.],
Segmentation and range sensing using a moving-aperture lens,
MVA(15), No. 1, October 2003, pp. 46-53.
Springer DOI 0310
BibRef
Earlier: ICCV01(II: 500-507).
IEEE DOI 0106
Effectively small changes in focus. BibRef

Rajagopalan, A.N., Chaudhuri, S., Mudenagudi, U.,
Depth Estimation and Image Restoration Using Defocused Stereo Pairs,
PAMI(26), No. 11, November 2004, pp. 1521-1525.
IEEE Abstract. 0410
Fuse stereo and focus information. Recover both the depth and a defocused image of the scene. BibRef

Mudenagudi, U., Chaudhuri, S.,
Depth Estimation using Defocused Stereo Image Pairs,
ICCV99(483-488).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Ma, L.[Li], Staunton, R.C.,
Integration of multiresolution image segmentation and neural networks for object depth recovery,
PR(38), No. 7, July 2005, pp. 985-996.
Elsevier DOI 0505
two coaxial defocused images and structured light. BibRef

Raj, A.N.J.[Alex Noel Joseph], Staunton, R.C.[Richard C.],
Rational filter design for depth from defocus,
PR(45), No. 1, January 2012, pp. 198-207.
Elsevier DOI 1109
Depth from defocus; MP ratio; Rational filters; 3D imaging BibRef

Raj, A.N.J.[Alex Noel Joseph], Staunton, R.C.[Richard C.],
Video-rate calculation of depth from defocus on a FPGA,
RealTimeIP(14), No. 2, February 2018, pp. 469-480.
WWW Link. 1804
BibRef

Ahmad, M.B.[Muhammad Bilal], Choi, T.S.,
A Heuristic Approach for Finding Best Focused Shape,
CirSysVideo(15), No. 4, April 2005, pp. 566-574.
IEEE Abstract. 0501
BibRef

Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Consideration of illumination effects and optimization of window size for accurate calculation of depth map for 3D shape recovery,
PR(40), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 154-170.
Elsevier DOI 0611
Depth map; Window size; Illumination problems; Focus measures; Blurring; Adaptive histogram enhancement; Sum of Modified Laplacian; Gray-level variance; 3D shape recovery; Shape From Focus (SFF) BibRef

Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
A novel algorithm for estimation of depth map using image focus for 3D shape recovery in the presence of noise,
PR(41), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 2200-2225.
Elsevier DOI 0804
BibRef
Earlier:
Noise Analysis for Depth Estimation,
BVAI07(328-337).
Springer DOI 0710
Focus Measure; 3D shape recovery; Depth map; Shape from focus; Noise; Robustness BibRef

Mannan, S.M., Malik, A.S.[Aamir S.], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Affects of illumination on 3D shape recovery,
ICIP08(1496-1499).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Depth Estimation by Finding Best Focused Points Using Line Fitting,
ICISP08(120-127).
Springer DOI 0807
BibRef
And:
Finding best focused points using intersection of two lines,
ICIP08(1952-1955).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Shim, S.O.[Seong-O], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
A novel iterative shape from focus algorithm based on combinatorial optimization,
PR(43), No. 10, October 2010, pp. 3338-3347.
Elsevier DOI 1007
BibRef
Earlier:
Accurate 3D shape estimation based on combinatorial optimization,
ICIP09(3777-3780).
IEEE DOI 0911
Shape from focus (SFF); 3D shape; Depth map; Focus measure; Combinatorial optimization BibRef

Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Song, T.L.[Taek Lyul], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Depth map estimation based on linear regression using image focus,
IJIST(21), No. 3, September 2011, pp. 241-246.
DOI Link 1109
BibRef

Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Shim, S.O.[Seong-O], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Depth Map Estimation using a Robust Focus Measure,
ICIP07(VI: 564-567).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Rahmat, R.[Roushanak], Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Kamel, N.[Nidal], Nisar, H.[Humaira],
3D shape from focus using LULU operators and discrete pulse transform in the presence of noise,
JVCIR(24), No. 3, April 2013, pp. 303-317.
Elsevier DOI 1303
Shape from focus; LULU operators; Discrete pulse transform BibRef

Mannan, S.M., Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed], Nisar, H.[Humaira], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Rectification of Illumination in Images Used for Shape from Focus,
ISVC06(II: 166-175).
Springer DOI 0611
BibRef

Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
3D shape recovery from image focus using kernel regression in eigenspace,
IVC(28), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 634-643.
Elsevier DOI 1002
BibRef
Earlier:
Shape from focus using kernel regression,
ICIP09(4293-4296).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef
Earlier:
A feature analysis approach to estimate 3D Shape from Image Focus,
ICIP08(3216-3219).
IEEE DOI 0810
3D shape; Focus measure; PCA; Shape from focus; Kernel regression BibRef

Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Nonlinear Approach for Enhancement of Image Focus Volume in Shape From Focus,
IP(21), No. 5, May 2012, pp. 2866-2873.
IEEE DOI 1204
BibRef

Ali, U.[Usman], Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq],
Robust Focus Volume Regularization in Shape From Focus,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 7215-7227.
IEEE DOI 2108
Shape, Image sequences, Frequency modulation, Image reconstruction, Cameras, Optimization, depth map BibRef

Ali, U.[Usman], Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq],
3D Shape Recovery by Aggregating 3D Wavelet Transform-Based Image Focus Volumes Through 3D Weighted Least Squares,
JMIV(62), No. 1, January 2020, pp. 54-72.
WWW Link. 2001
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Ali, U.[Usman], Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq],
Energy minimization for image focus volume in shape from focus,
PR(126), 2022, pp. 108559.
Elsevier DOI 2204
Shape from focus, Energy minimization, Focus volume optimization BibRef

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3D Shape Recovery from Image Defocus Using Wavelet Analysis,
ICIP05(I: 1025-1028).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef

Muhammad, M.S.[Mannan Saeed], Choi, T.S.[Tae-Sun],
Sampling for Shape from Focus in Optical Microscopy,
PAMI(34), No. 3, March 2012, pp. 564-573.
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef
Earlier:
An unorthodox approach towards shape from focus,
ICIP11(2965-2968).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef
Earlier:
3D shape recovery by image focus using Lorentzian-Cauchy function,
ICIP10(4065-4068).
IEEE DOI 1009
Results generally improve with more images (samples). BibRef

Namboodiri, V.P.[Vinay P.], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis],
On defocus, diffusion and depth estimation,
PRL(28), No. 3, 1 February 2007, pp. 311-319.
Elsevier DOI 0701
Depth from defocus; Shape estimation; Diffusion; Spectral method BibRef

Namboodiri, V.P.[Vinay P.], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis], Hadap, S.I.[Sun-Il],
Regularized depth from defocus,
ICIP08(1520-1523).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Namboodiri, V.P.[Vinay P.], Chaudhuri, S.[Subhasis],
Recovery of relative depth from a single observation using an uncalibrated (real-aperture) camera,
CVPR08(1-6).
IEEE DOI 0806
BibRef
Earlier:
Shape Recovery Using Stochastic Heat Flow,
BMVC07(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0709
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Kubota, A., Aizawa, K., Chen, T.,
Reconstructing Dense Light Field From Array of Multifocus Images for Novel View Synthesis,
IP(16), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 269-279.
IEEE DOI 0701
BibRef

Kubota, A., Aizawa, K.,
A novel image-based rendering method by linear filtering of multiple focused images acquired by a camera array,
ICIP03(III: 701-704).
IEEE DOI 0312
BibRef

Kubota, A., Aizawa, K.,
A New Approach to Depth Range Detection by Producing Depth-dependent Blurring Effect,
ICIP01(III: 740-743).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Pradeep, K.S., Rajagopalan, A.N.,
Improving Shape From Focus Using Defocus Cue,
IP(16), No. 7, July 2007, pp. 1920-1925.
IEEE DOI 0707
BibRef
Earlier:
Improving Shape from Focus Using Defocus Information,
ICPR06(I: 731-734).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Sahay, R.R.[Rajiv Ranjan], Rajagopalan, A.N.[Ambasamudram N.],
Harnessing defocus blur to recover high-resolution information in shape-from-focus technique,
IET-CV(2), No. 2, June 2008, pp. 50-59.
DOI Link 0905
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Sahay, R.R.[Rajiv Ranjan], Rajagopalan, A.N.[Ambasamudram N.],
Extension of the shape from focus method for reconstruction of high-resolution images,
JOSA-A(24), No. 11, November 2007, pp. 3649-3657.
WWW Link. 0801
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Earlier:
High Resolution Image Reconstruction in Shape from Focus,
ICIP07(II: 69-72).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Sahay, R.R.[Rajiv Ranjan], Rajagopalan, A.N.[Ambasamudram N.],
Joint image and depth completion in shape-from-focus: Taking a cue from parallax,
JOSA-A(27), No. 5, May 2010, pp. 1203-1213.
WWW Link. 1006
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Sahay, R.R.[Rajiv Ranjan], Rajagopalan, A.N.[Ambasamudram N.],
Dealing With Parallax in Shape-From-Focus,
IP(20), No. 2, February 2011, pp. 558-569.
IEEE DOI 1102
BibRef
Earlier:
Real Aperture Axial Stereo: Solving for Correspondences in Blur,
DAGM09(362-371).
Springer DOI 0909
BibRef

Kumar, G.P.[G. Prashanth], Sahay, R.R.[Rajiv Ranjan],
Accurate Structure Recovery via Weighted Nuclear Norm: A Low Rank Approach to Shape-from-Focus,
Matrix-Tensor17(563-574)
IEEE DOI 1802
Cameras, Minimization, Periodic structures, Shape, Stacking, Three-dimensional displays BibRef

Blayvas, I.[Ilya], Kimmel, R.[Ron], Rivlin, E.[Ehud],
Role of optics in the accuracy of depth-from-defocus systems,
JOSA-A(24), No. 4, April 2007, pp. 967-972.
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Li, S.T.[Shu-Tao], Yang, B.[Bin],
Multifocus image fusion using region segmentation and spatial frequency,
IVC(26), No. 7, 2 July 2008, pp. 971-979.
Elsevier DOI 0804
Image fusion; Image segmentation; Normalized cuts; Multi-focus; Digital cameras BibRef

Li, S.T.[Shu-Tao], Yang, B.[Bin],
Multifocus image fusion by combining curvelet and wavelet transform,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1295-1301.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Multifocus; Image fusion; Curvelet transform; Wavelet transform; Sensor fusion BibRef

Aydin, T., Akgul, Y.S.,
A New Adaptive Focus Measure for Shape From Focus,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0809
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Thelen, A., Frey, S., Hirsch, S., Hering, P.,
Improvements in Shape-From-Focus for Holographic Reconstructions With Regard to Focus Operators, Neighborhood-Size, and Height Value Interpolation,
IP(18), No. 1, January 2009, pp. 151-157.
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Tsomko, E., Kim, H.J., Izquierdo, E.,
Linear Gaussian blur evolution for detection of blurry images,
IET-IPR(4), No. 4, August 2010, pp. 302-312.
DOI Link 1008
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Diaz, F.[Frédéric], Goudail, F.[Franšois], Loiseaux, B.[Brigitte], Huignard, J.P.[Jean-Pierre],
Comparison of depth-of-focus-enhancing pupil masks based on a signal-to-noise-ratio criterion after deconvolution,
JOSA-A(27), No. 10, October 2010, pp. 2123-2131.
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Minhas, R.[Rashid], Mohammed, A.A.[Abdul Adeel], Wu, Q.M.J.[Q.M. Jonathan],
Shape from focus using fast discrete curvelet transform,
PR(44), No. 4, April 2011, pp. 839-853.
Elsevier DOI 1101
Shape from focus; Multifocus; Image fusion; Depth map estimation; Curvelet transform; Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization BibRef

Minhas, R.[Rashid], Mohammed, A.A.[Abdul A.], Wu, Q.M.J.[Q.M. Jonathan], Sid-Ahmed, M.A.[Maher A.],
3D Shape from Focus and Depth Map Computation Using Steerable Filters,
ICIAR09(573-583).
Springer DOI 0907
BibRef

Brune, C.[Christoph], Sawatzky, A.[Alex], Burger, M.[Martin],
Primal and Dual Bregman Methods with Application to Optical Nanoscopy,
IJCV(92), No. 2, April 2011, pp. 211-229.
WWW Link. 1103
BibRef
Earlier:
Bregman-EM-TV Methods with Application to Optical Nanoscopy,
SSVM09(235-246).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Sawatzky, A.[Alex], Brune, C.[Christoph], Müller, J.[Jahn], Burger, M.[Martin],
Total Variation Processing of Images with Poisson Statistics,
CAIP09(533-540).
Springer DOI 0909
BibRef

Zhuo, S.J.[Shao-Jie], Sim, T.[Terence],
Defocus map estimation from a single image,
PR(44), No. 9, September 2011, pp. 1852-1858.
Elsevier DOI 1106
BibRef
Earlier:
On the Recovery of Depth from a Single Defocused Image,
CAIP09(889-897).
Springer DOI 0909
Image processing; Defocus map; Defocus blur; Gaussian gradient; Defocus magnification BibRef

Wei, Y., Dong, Z., Wu, C.,
Depth measurement using single camera with fixed camera parameters,
IET-CV(6), No. 1, 2012, pp. 29-39.
DOI Link 1201
Depth from defocus. BibRef

Ludusan, C.[Cosmin], Lavialle, O.[Olivier],
Multifocus image fusion and denoising: A variational approach,
PRL(33), No. 10, 15 July 2012, pp. 1388-1396.
Elsevier DOI 1205
Multifocus image fusion; Denoising; Variational model; Partial Differential Equations; Image enhancement; Image restoration BibRef

Hariharan, R., Rajagopalan, A.N.,
Shape-From-Focus by Tensor Voting,
IP(21), No. 7, July 2012, pp. 3323-3328.
IEEE DOI 1206
BibRef

Ishii, A.[Akira], Yamashiro, H.[Hiroaki],
Fast Focus Mechanism with Constant Magnification Using a Varifocal Lens and Its Application to Three-Dimensional Imaging,
IEICE(E95-D), No. 7, July 2012, pp. 1804-1810.
WWW Link. 1208
BibRef

Lin, H.Y.[Huei-Yung], Chou, X.H.[Xin-Han],
Defocus blur parameters identification by histogram matching,
JOSA-A(29), No. 8, August 2012, pp. 1694-1706.
WWW Link. 1208
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Zhao, H.J.[Heng-Jun], Shang, Z.W.[Zhao-Wei], Tang, Y.Y.[Yuan Yan], Fang, B.[Bin],
Multi-focus image fusion based on the neighbor distance,
PR(46), No. 3, March 2013, pp. 1002-1011.
Elsevier DOI 1212
Multi-focus image fusion; Neighbor distance; Sharpness measure BibRef

Pertuz, S.[Said], Puig, D.[Domenec], Garcia, M.A.[Miguel Angel],
Analysis of focus measure operators for shape-from-focus,
PR(46), No. 5, May 2013, pp. 1415-1432.
Elsevier DOI 1302
BibRef
Earlier:
Improving Shape-from-Focus by Compensating for Image Magnification Shift,
ICPR10(802-805).
IEEE DOI 1008
Focus measure; Autofocus; Shape from focus; Defocus model
See also Shape-based image segmentation through photometric stereo. BibRef

Pertuz, S.[Said], Garcia, M.A.[Miguel Angel], Puig, D.[Domenec],
Focus-aided scene segmentation,
CVIU(133), No. 1, 2015, pp. 66-75.
Elsevier DOI 1502
Image sequences BibRef

Pertuz, S.[Said], Puig, D.[Domenec], Garcia, M.A.[Miguel Angel],
Reliability measure for shape-from-focus,
IVC(31), No. 10, 2013, pp. 725-734.
Elsevier DOI 1310
Image sequences BibRef

Cossairt, O.S., Gupta, M., Nayar, S.K.,
When Does Computational Imaging Improve Performance?,
IP(22), No. 2, February 2013, pp. 447-458.
IEEE DOI 1302
Should be filed somewhere else. BibRef

Jo, K., Gupta, M., Nayar, S.K.,
SpeDo: 6 DOF Ego-Motion Sensor Using Speckle Defocus Imaging,
ICCV15(4319-4327)
IEEE DOI 1602
Cameras BibRef

Cossairt, O.S., Miau, D., Nayar, S.K.,
Gigapixel Computational Imaging,
ICCP11(1-8).
IEEE DOI 1208
BibRef

Zhou, C.Y.[Chang-Yin], Cossairt, O.S.[Oliver S.], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
Depth from Diffusion,
CVPR10(1110-1117).
IEEE DOI Video of talk:
1006
Optical diffuser. Analogous to depth from defocus. BibRef

Li, A.[Ang], Staunton, R.[Richard], Tjahjadi, T.[Tardi],
Rational-operator-based depth-from-defocus approach to scene reconstruction,
JOSA-A(30), No. 9, September 2013, pp. 1787-1795.
WWW Link. 1309
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Li, A.[Ang], Tjahjadi, T.[Tardi], Staunton, R.[Richard],
Adaptive deformation correction of depth from defocus for object reconstruction,
JOSA-A(31), No. 12, December 2014, pp. 2694-2702.
DOI Link 1412
Image reconstruction techniques; Three-dimensional image processing BibRef

Lin, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Ji, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Xu, W., Dai, Q.H.[Qiong-Hai],
Absolute Depth Estimation From a Single Defocused Image,
IP(22), No. 11, 2013, pp. 4545-4550.
IEEE DOI 1310
Apertures BibRef

Lin, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Lin, X.[Xing], Ji, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Dai, Q.H.[Qiong-Hai],
Separable Coded Aperture for Depth from a Single Image,
SPLetters(21), No. 12, December 2014, pp. 1471-1475.
IEEE DOI 1410
image coding BibRef

Gao, G.R.[Guo-Rong], Xu, L.P.[Lu-Ping], Feng, D.Z.[Dong-Zhu],
Multi-focus image fusion based on non-subsampled shearlet transform,
IET-IPR(7), No. 6, August 2013, pp. 633-639.
DOI Link 1312
discrete wavelet transforms BibRef

Sellent, A.[Anita], Favaro, P.[Paolo],
Optimized aperture shapes for depth estimation,
PRL(40), No. 1, 2014, pp. 96-103.
Elsevier DOI 1403
BibRef
And:
Which side of the focal plane are you on?,
ICCP14(1-8)
IEEE DOI 1411
BibRef
And:
Coded Aperture Flow,
GCPR14(582-592).
Springer DOI 1411
Depth from defocus. cameras BibRef

Ben-Ari, R.[Rami],
A Unified Approach for Registration and Depth in Depth from Defocus,
PAMI(36), No. 6, June 2014, pp. 1041-1055.
IEEE DOI 1406
Adaptive optics BibRef

Ben-Ari, R.[Rami], Raveh, G.[Gonen],
Variational Depth from Defocus in real-time,
CVGPU11(522-529).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Matsui, S.[Shuhei], Nagahara, H.[Hajime], Taniguchi, R.I.[Rin-Ichiro],
Half-sweep imaging for depth from defocus,
IVC(32), No. 11, 2014, pp. 954-964.
Elsevier DOI 1410
BibRef
Earlier: PSIVT11(I: 335-347).
Springer DOI 1111
Computational photography BibRef

Tseng, C.Y.[Chen-Yu], Wang, S.J.[Sheng-Jyh],
Shape-From-Focus Depth Reconstruction With a Spatial Consistency Model,
CirSysVideo(24), No. 12, December 2014, pp. 2063-2076.
IEEE DOI 1412
image reconstruction BibRef

Trouve-Peloux, P.[Pauline], Champagnat, F.[Frederic], Le Besnerais, G.[Guy], Idier, J.[Jerome],
Theoretical performance model for single image depth from defocus,
JOSA-A(31), No. 12, December 2014, pp. 2650-2662.
DOI Link 1412
Inverse problems; Range finding; Computational imaging BibRef

Lin, X.[Xing], Suo, J.[Jinli], Dai, Q.H.[Qiong-Hai],
Extracting Depth and Radiance From a Defocused Video Pair,
CirSysVideo(25), No. 4, April 2015, pp. 557-569.
IEEE DOI 1504
Accuracy BibRef

Lin, X.[Xing], Suo, J.[Jinli], Cao, X.[Xun], Dai, Q.H.[Qiong-Hai],
Iterative Feedback Estimation of Depth and Radiance from Defocused Images,
ACCV12(IV:95-109).
Springer DOI 1304
BibRef

Bailey, S.W.[Stephen W.], Echevarria, J.I.[Jose I.], Bodenheimer, B.[Bobby], Gutierrez, D.[Diego],
Fast depth from defocus from focal stacks,
VC(31), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 1697-1708.
Springer DOI 1512
BibRef

Moeller, M., Benning, M., Schönlieb, C.B.[Carola-Bibiane], Cremers, D.,
Variational Depth From Focus Reconstruction,
IP(24), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 5369-5378.
IEEE DOI 1512
concave programming BibRef

Li, C.[Chen], Su, S.C.[Shuo-Chen], Matsushita, Y.[Yasuyuki], Zhou, K.[Kun], Lin, S.[Stephen],
Bayesian Depth-from-Defocus with Shading Constraints,
IP(25), No. 2, February 2016, pp. 589-600.
IEEE DOI 1601
BibRef
Earlier: CVPR13(217-224)
IEEE DOI 1309
Bayes methods BibRef

Humayun, J.[Jawad], Malik, A.S.[Aamir Saeed],
Real-time processing for shape-from-focus techniques,
RealTimeIP(11), No. 1, January 2016, pp. 49-62.
WWW Link. 1601
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Liu, S., Zhou, F., Liao, Q.,
Defocus Map Estimation From a Single Image Based on Two-Parameter Defocus Model,
IP(25), No. 12, December 2016, pp. 5943-5956.
IEEE DOI 1612
computer vision BibRef

Persch, N.[Nico], Schroers, C.[Christopher], Setzer, S.[Simon], Weickert, J.[Joachim],
Physically inspired depth-from-defocus,
IVC(57), No. 1, 2017, pp. 114-129.
Elsevier DOI 1702
BibRef
Earlier:
Introducing More Physics into Variational Depth-from-Defocus,
GCPR14(15-27).
Springer DOI 1411
Depth-from-defocus BibRef

Lee, W.Y.[Wei-Yu], Li, C.Y.[Chi-Ying], Yen, J.Y.[Jia-Yush],
Integrating wavelet transformation with Markov random field analysis for the depth estimation of light-field images,
IET-CV(11), No. 5, August 2017, pp. 358-367.
DOI Link 1707
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Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Tao, D., Zhuo, S., Xu, X., Pu, S., Song, M.,
AllFocus: Patch-Based Video Out-of-Focus Blur Reconstruction,
CirSysVideo(27), No. 9, September 2017, pp. 1895-1908.
IEEE DOI 1709
Cameras, Deconvolution, Focusing, Image reconstruction, Image restoration, Reconstruction algorithms, Target tracking, Out-of-focus blur, patch tracking, sharpness BibRef

Sotoca, J.M.[Jose M.], Latorre-Carmona, P.[Pedro], Pla, F.[Filiberto], Shen, X.[Xin], Komatsu, S.[Satoru], Javidi, B.[Bahram],
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JOSA-A(34), No. 10, October 2017, pp. 1776-1786.
DOI Link 1710
Three-dimensional, Image reconstruction techniques All-in-focus images can also be generated by projecting the points of the 3D plane into the sensor planes of the cameras. BibRef

Espinos-Morato, H., Latorre-Carmona, P., Sotoca, J.M.[J. Martinez], Pla, F., Javidi, B.,
Combining Defocus and Photoconsistency for Depth Map Estimation in 3D Integral Imaging,
IbPRIA17(114-121).
Springer DOI 1706
BibRef

Sakurikar, P., Narayanan, P.J.,
Composite Focus Measure for High Quality Depth Maps,
ICCV17(1623-1631)
IEEE DOI 1802
image processing, composite focus measure, cost-volume propagation, depth estimation, BibRef

Ribal, C.[Christophe], Lermé, N.[Nicolas], Le Hégarat-Mascle, S.[Sylvie],
Efficient graph cut optimization for shape from focus,
JVCIR(55), 2018, pp. 529-539.
Elsevier DOI 1809
Shape from focus, Depth map estimation, Graph cuts, Multi-labels BibRef

Pertuz, S.[Said], Pulido-Herrera, E.[Edith], Kamarainen, J.K.[Joni-Kristian],
Focus model for metric depth estimation in standard plenoptic cameras,
PandRS(144), 2018, pp. 38-47.
Elsevier DOI 1809
Plenoptic camera, Lightfield, Focus, Calibration, Depth estimation BibRef

Hofmann, M.[Martin], Seeland, M.[Marco], Mäder, P.[Patrick],
Efficiently Annotating Object Images with Absolute Size Information Using Mobile Devices,
IJCV(127), No. 2, February 2019, pp. 207-224.
Springer DOI 1902
Annotate size using mobile device, focus for calibration. BibRef

Im, S.H.[Sung-Hoon], Jeon, H., Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Robust Depth Estimation Using Auto-Exposure Bracketing,
IP(28), No. 5, May 2019, pp. 2451-2464.
IEEE DOI 1903
BibRef
Earlier:
Robust Depth Estimation from Auto Bracketed Images,
CVPR18(2946-2954)
IEEE DOI 1812
convolutional neural nets, image enhancement, image fusion, image matching, image reconstruction, image sensors. Optical imaging, Cameras, Estimation, Adaptive optics, Optical network units BibRef

Wang, C.[Chao], Chan, R.[Raymond], Nikolova, M.[Mila], Plemmons, R.[Robert], Prasad, S.[Sudhakar],
Nonconvex Optimization for 3-Dimensional Point Source Localization Using a Rotating Point Spread Function,
SIIMS(12), No. 1, 2019, pp. 259-286.
DOI Link 1904
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Kumar, H., Yadav, A.S., Gupta, S., Venkatesh, K.S.,
Depth Map Estimation Using Defocus and Motion Cues,
CirSysVideo(29), No. 5, May 2019, pp. 1365-1379.
IEEE DOI 1905
Cameras, Estimation, Image edge detection, PSF based integration BibRef

Jeon, H.G.[Hae-Gon], Surh, J.[Jaeheung], Im, S.H.[Sung-Hoon], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Ring Difference Filter for Fast and Noise Robust Depth From Focus,
IP(29), No. , 2020, pp. 1045-1060.
IEEE DOI 1911
Frequency modulation, Resource description framework, Laplace equations, Cameras, Indexes, Noise measurement, focus measure BibRef

Surh, J.[Jaeheung], Jeon, H.G.[Hae-Gon], Park, Y.[Yunwon], Im, S.H.[Sung-Hoon], Ha, H.W.[Hyo-Won], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Noise Robust Depth from Focus Using a Ring Difference Filter,
CVPR17(2444-2453)
IEEE DOI 1711
Cameras, Frequency modulation, Laplace equations, Noise measurement, Pipelines, Resource description framework, Robustness BibRef

Takemura, K.[Kazumi], Yoshida, T.[Toshiyuki],
Depth from Defocus Technique Based on Cross Reblurring,
IEICE(E102-D), No. 11, November 2019, pp. 2083-2092.
WWW Link. 1912
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Zhou, X., Molina, R., Ma, Y., Wang, T., Ni, D.,
Parameter-Free Gaussian PSF Model for Extended Depth of Field in Brightfield Microscopy,
IP(29), 2020, pp. 3227-3238.
IEEE DOI 2002
Blind deconvolution, point spread function, shape from focus, focal stack BibRef

Ma, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qiang], Kim, D.[Dongjoon], Shin, Y.G.[Yeong-Gil],
Shape-from-focus reconstruction using nonlocal matting Laplacian prior followed by MRF-based refinement,
PR(103), 2020, pp. 107302.
Elsevier DOI 2005
Shape from focus, Depth reconstruction, Matting Laplacian, Image denoising, Markov random field, Edge-preserving BibRef

Liu, S.J.[Shao-Jun], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min], Xue, J.H.[Jing-Hao], Zhou, F.[Fei],
Defocus map estimation from a single image using improved likelihood feature and edge-based basis,
PR(107), 2020, pp. 107485.
Elsevier DOI 2008
Defocus map estimation, Regression tree fields, Localized 2D frequency analysis BibRef

Ali, U.[Usman], Lee, I.H.[Ik Hyun], Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq],
Guided image filtering in shape-from-focus: A comparative analysis,
PR(111), 2021, pp. 107670.
Elsevier DOI 2012
Shape from focus (SFF), Focus measure, Guided image filtering, Depth map BibRef

Lee, J.Y.[Jae Young], Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
Complex-Valued Disparity: Unified Depth Model of Depth from Stereo, Depth from Focus, and Depth from Defocus Based on the Light Field Gradient,
PAMI(43), No. 3, March 2021, pp. 830-841.
IEEE DOI 2102
Estimation, Light fields, Signal processing, Analytical models, Benchmark testing, Taxonomy, Solid modeling, Unified depth model, angular gradient BibRef

Zhang, A.M.[An-Mei], Sun, J.[Jian],
Joint Depth and Defocus Estimation From a Single Image Using Physical Consistency,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 3419-3433.
IEEE DOI 2103
Estimation, Task analysis, Cameras, Feature extraction, Training, Neural networks, Sun, Depth estimation, defocus estimation, joint network training BibRef

Ceruso, S.[Sabato], Bonaque-González, S.[Sergio], Oliva-García, R.[Ricardo], Rodríguez-Ramos, J.M.[José Manuel],
Relative multiscale deep depth from focus,
SP:IC(99), 2021, pp. 116417.
Elsevier DOI 2111
Depth from focus, Machine learning BibRef

Tang, C.[Chang], Liu, X.W.[Xin-Wang], Zheng, X.[Xiao], Li, W.Q.[Wan-Qing], Xiong, J.[Jian], Wang, L.Z.[Li-Zhe], Zomaya, A.Y.[Albert Y.], Longo, A.[Antonella],
DeFusionNET: Defocus Blur Detection via Recurrently Fusing and Refining Discriminative Multi-Scale Deep Features,
PAMI(44), No. 2, February 2022, pp. 955-968.
IEEE DOI 2201
Feature extraction, Neural networks, Semantics, Image edge detection, Fuses, Task analysis, Machine learning, channel attention BibRef

Tang, C.[Chang], Zhu, X.Z.[Xin-Zhong], Liu, X.W.[Xin-Wang], Wang, L.Z.[Li-Zhe], Zomaya, A.Y.[Albert Y.],
DeFusionNET: Defocus Blur Detection via Recurrently Fusing and Refining Multi-Scale Deep Features,
CVPR19(2695-2704).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Li, Y.W.[Yu-Wen], Li, Z.G.[Zheng-Guo], Zheng, C.B.[Chao-Bing], Wu, S.Q.[Shi-Qian],
Adaptive weighted guided image filtering for depth enhancement in shape-from-focus,
PR(131), 2022, pp. 108900.
Elsevier DOI 2208
Shape from focus, Depth enhancement, Adaptive weighted guided image filtering, Edge-preserving, Robustness BibRef

Ali, U.[Usman], Lee, I.H.[Ik Hyun], Mahmood, M.T.[Muhammad Tariq],
Incorporating structural prior for depth regularization in shape from focus,
CVIU(227), 2023, pp. 103619.
Elsevier DOI 2301
Shape form focus, Depth regularization, Optimization, Weighted least squares, Structural prior BibRef

Li, J.X.[Jin-Xing], Liang, B.C.[Bei-Cheng], Lu, X.W.[Xiang-Wei], Li, M.[Mu], Lu, G.M.[Guang-Ming], Xu, Y.[Yong],
From Global to Local: Multi-Patch and Multi-Scale Contrastive Similarity Learning for Unsupervised Defocus Blur Detection,
IP(32), 2023, pp. 1158-1169.
IEEE DOI 2302
Feature extraction, Generators, Annotations, Semantics, Task analysis, Manuals, Area measurement, Defocus blur detection, unsupervised BibRef

Hou, S.Y.[Sheng-Yu], Fu, M.Y.[Meng-Yin], Song, W.J.[Wen-Jie],
Joint Learning of Image Deblurring and Depth Estimation Through Adversarial Multi-Task Network,
CirSysVideo(33), No. 12, December 2023, pp. 7327-7341.
IEEE DOI 2312
BibRef

Fujimura, Y.[Yuki], Iiyama, M.[Masaaki], Funatomi, T.[Takuya], Mukaigawa, Y.[Yasuhiro],
Deep Depth from Focal Stack with Defocus Model for Camera-Setting Invariance,
IJCV(132), No. 6, June 2024, pp. 1970-1985.
Springer DOI 2406
BibRef

Wang, L.Z.[Li-Zhi], Li, L.G.[Lin-Gen], Song, W.T.[Wei-Tao], Zhang, L.[Lei], Xiong, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Huang, H.[Hua],
Non-Serial Quantization-Aware Deep Optics for Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging,
PAMI(46), No. 11, November 2024, pp. 6993-7010.
IEEE DOI 2410
Hyperspectral imaging, Optics, Decoding, Optical imaging, Optical device fabrication, Optimization, Optical diffraction, snapshot hyperspectral imaging BibRef

Li, L.G.[Lin-Gen], Wang, L.Z.[Li-Zhi], Song, W.T.[Wei-Tao], Zhang, L.[Lei], Xiong, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Huang, H.[Hua],
Quantization-aware Deep Optics for Diffractive Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging,
CVPR22(19748-19757)
IEEE DOI 2210
Quantization (signal), Optical diffraction, Optical device fabrication, Reconstruction algorithms, Optics, Physics-based vision and shape-from-X BibRef

Pan, L.Y.[Li-Yuan], Hartley, R.[Richard], Liu, L.[Liu], Xu, Z.W.[Zhi-Wei], Chowdhury, S.[Shah], Yang, Y.[Yan], Zhang, H.G.[Hong-Guang], Li, H.D.[Hong-Dong], Liu, M.M.[Miao-Miao],
Weakly-Supervised Depth Estimation and Image Deblurring via Dual-Pixel Sensors,
PAMI(46), No. 12, December 2024, pp. 11314-11330.
IEEE DOI 2411
Estimation, Sensors, Cameras, Image restoration, Training, Apertures, Image sensors, Deblur and reblur, depth estimation, weakly-supervised BibRef

Zhang, Y.[Yuelin], Zheng, P.Y.[Peng-Yu], Yan, W.Q.[Wan-Quan], Fang, C.[Chengyu], Cheng, S.S.[Shing Shin],
A Unified Framework for Microscopy Defocus Deblur with Multi-Pyramid Transformer and Contrastive Learning,
CVPR24(11125-11136)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Pathology, Microscopy, Surgery, Contrastive learning, Performance gain, Transformers, Data models, Defocus Deblur, Image Restoration BibRef

Wijayasingha, L.[Lahiru], Alemzadeh, H.[Homa], Stankovic, J.A.[John A.],
Camera-Independent Single Image Depth Estimation from Defocus Blur,
WACV24(3737-3746)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2404
Privacy, Sensitivity, Semantics, Estimation, Predictive models, Cameras, Mathematical models, Algorithms, 3D computer vision, Datasets and evaluations BibRef

Demir, A.[Andac], Massaad, E.[Elie], Kiziltan, B.[Bulent],
Topology-Aware Focal Loss for 3D Image Segmentation,
TAG-PRA23(580-589)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Si, H.Z.[Hao-Zhe], Zhao, B.[Bin], Wang, D.[Dong], Gao, Y.P.[Yun-Peng], Chen, M.[Mulin], Wang, Z.G.[Zhi-Gang], Li, X.L.[Xue-Long],
Fully Self-Supervised Depth Estimation from Defocus Clue,
CVPR23(9140-9149)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Ji, X.[Xiang], Jiang, H.Y.[Hai-Yang], Zheng, Y.Q.[Yin-Qiang],
Motion Blur Decomposition with Cross-shutter Guidance,
CVPR24(12534-12543)
IEEE DOI 2410
Lighting, Network architecture, Image capture, Cameras, Mobile handsets, Sensors, Pattern recognition BibRef

Zhong, Z.H.[Zhi-Hang], Sun, X.[Xiao], Wu, Z.R.[Zhi-Rong], Zheng, Y.Q.[Yin-Qiang], Lin, S.[Stephen], Sato, I.[Imari],
Animation from Blur: Multi-modal Blur Decomposition with Motion Guidance,
ECCV22(XIX:599-615).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Nazir, S.[Saqib], Vaquero, L.[Lorenzo], Mucientes, M.[Manuel], Brea, V.M.[Víctor M.], Coltuc, D.[Daniela],
2HDED:Net for Joint Depth Estimation and Image Deblurring from a Single Out-of-Focus Image,
ICIP22(2006-2010)
IEEE DOI 2211
Deep learning, Neural networks, Estimation, Image restoration, Decoding, Complexity theory, Convolutional neural networks, Deep learning BibRef

Won, C.Y.[Chang-Yeon], Jeon, H.G.[Hae-Gon],
Learning Depth from Focus in the Wild,
ECCV22(I:1-18).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Lin, S.J.[Shi-Jie], Zhang, Y.Q.[Yin-Qiang], Yu, L.[Lei], Zhou, B.[Bin], Luo, X.W.[Xiao-Wei], Pan, J.[Jia],
Autofocus for Event Cameras,
CVPR22(16323-16332)
IEEE DOI 2210
Photography, Robot vision systems, Lighting, Manuals, Cameras, Search problems, Robot vision, Computational photography, Physics-based vision and shape-from-X BibRef

Yang, F.T.[Feng-Ting], Huang, X.L.[Xiao-Lei], Zhou, Z.[Zihan],
Deep Depth from Focus with Differential Focus Volume,
CVPR22(12632-12641)
IEEE DOI 2210
Technological innovation, Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Estimation, Computer architecture, Physics-based vision and shape-from-X BibRef

Wang, N.H.[Ning-Hsu], Wang, R.[Ren], Liu, Y.L.[Yu-Lun], Huang, Y.H.[Yu-Hao], Chang, Y.L.[Yu-Lin], Chen, C.P.[Chia-Ping], Jou, K.[Kevin],
Bridging Unsupervised and Supervised Depth from Focus via All-in-Focus Supervision,
ICCV21(12601-12611)
IEEE DOI 2203
Computational modeling, Estimation, Task analysis, Optimization, 3D from multiview and other sensors BibRef

Pan, L.Y.[Li-Yuan], Chowdhury, S.[Shah], Hartley, R.I.[Richard I.], Liu, M.M.[Miao-Miao], Zhang, H.G.[Hong-Guang], Li, H.D.[Hong-Dong],
Dual Pixel Exploration: Simultaneous Depth Estimation and Image Restoration,
CVPR21(4338-4347)
IEEE DOI 2111
camera splits each pixel into 2, works with defocus blur. Training, Computational modeling, Buildings, Estimation, Cameras, Mathematical models BibRef

Friedlander, R.D.[Robert D.], Yang, H.[Huizong], Yezzi, A.J.[Anthony J.],
Uniting Stereo and Depth-from-Defocus: A Thin Lens-based Variational Framework for Multiview Reconstruction,
Diff-CVML21(4401-4410)
IEEE DOI 2109
Surface reconstruction, Shape, Computational modeling, Image edge detection, Data models, Mathematical model BibRef

Bailey, M., Guillemaut, J.Y.[Jean-Yves],
A Novel Depth from Defocus Framework Based on a Thick Lens Camera Model,
3DV20(1206-1215)
IEEE DOI 2102
Cameras, Lenses, Image reconstruction, Calibration, Mathematical model, Apertures, Multi View Reconstruction BibRef

Cun, X.D.[Xiao-Dong], Pun, C.M.[Chi-Man],
Defocus Blur Detection via Depth Distillation,
ECCV20(XIII:747-763).
Springer DOI 2011
BibRef

Maximov, M., Galim, K., Leal-Taixé, L.,
Focus on Defocus: Bridging the Synthetic to Real Domain Gap for Depth Estimation,
CVPR20(1068-1077)
IEEE DOI 2008
Estimation, Cameras, Training, Data models, Lenses, Computer architecture, Predictive models BibRef

Kunnath, N., Cho, J., Langer, M.,
Depth from Defocus on a Transmissive Diffraction Mask-based Sensor,
CRV20(214-221)
IEEE DOI 2006
diffraction, depth from defocus, computational photography, dual pixel camera, angle sensitive pixels BibRef

Kashiwagi, M.[Masako], Mishima, N.[Nao], Kozakaya, T.[Tatsuo], Hiura, S.[Shinsaku],
Deep Depth From Aberration Map,
ICCV19(4069-4078)
IEEE DOI 2004
aberrations, cameras, image processing, learning (artificial intelligence), A-Map analysis network, Image sensors BibRef

Zhao, Y.Y.[Yuan-Yuan], Hu, X.M.[Xue-Mei], Guo, H.[Hui], Ma, Z.[Zhan], Yue, T.[Tao], Cao, X.[Xun],
Spectral Reconstruction From Dispersive Blur: A Novel Light Efficient Spectral Imager,
CVPR19(12194-12203).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Qiu, J.Y.[Jia-Yan], Wang, X.C.[Xin-Chao], Maybank, S.J.[Stephen J.], Tao, D.C.[Da-Cheng],
World From Blur,
CVPR19(8485-8496).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Lee, J.Y.[Jun-Yong], Lee, S.[Sungkil], Cho, S.[Sunghyun], Lee, S.Y.[Seung-Yong],
Deep Defocus Map Estimation Using Domain Adaptation,
CVPR19(12214-12222).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Ishihara, S., Sulc, A., Sato, I.,
Depth from Spectral Defocus Blur,
ICIP19(1980-1984)
IEEE DOI 1910
depth estimation, multispectral imaging, chromatic aberration, depth from defocus BibRef

Hazirbas, C.[Caner], Soyer, S.G.[Sebastian Georg], Staab, M.C.[Maximilian Christian], Leal-Taixé, L.[Laura], Cremers, D.[Daniel],
Deep Depth from Focus,
ACCV18(III:525-541).
Springer DOI 1906
BibRef

Carvalho, M.[Marcela], Le Saux, B.[Bertrand], Trouvé-Peloux, P.[Pauline], Almansa, A.[Andrés], Champagnat, F.[Frédéric],
Deep Depth from Defocus: How Can Defocus Blur Improve 3D Estimation Using Dense Neural Networks?,
3D-Wild18(I:307-323).
Springer DOI 1905
BibRef

Chen, J.P.J., Kirian, R.A.,
Simultaneous retrieval of coherently illuminated defocused objects,
IVCNZ17(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1902
image reconstruction, iterative methods, wave propagation, coherently summed far-field diffraction intensity, coherent diffractive imaging BibRef

McCloskey, S., Chen, C., Yu, J.,
Focus Manipulation Detection via Photometric Histogram Analysis,
CVPR18(1674-1682)
IEEE DOI 1812
Forensics, Histograms, Transform coding, Quantization (signal), Image color analysis, Cameras, Image coding BibRef

Sakurikar, P.[Parikshit], Mehta, I.[Ishit], Balasubramanian, V.N.[Vineeth N.], Narayanan, P.J.,
RefocusGAN: Scene Refocusing Using a Single Image,
ECCV18(II: 519-535).
Springer DOI 1810
BibRef

Karaali, A., Jung, C.R., Pitié, F.,
Temporal Consistency for Still Image Based Defocus Blur Estimation Methods,
ICIP18(1088-1092)
IEEE DOI 1809
Estimation, Video sequences, Kalman filters, Covariance matrices, Integrated optics, Optical imaging, Coherence, Defocus blur, temporal consistency BibRef

Purohit, K., Shah, A.B., Rajagopalan, A.N.,
Learning Based Single Image Blur Detection and Segmentation,
ICIP18(2202-2206)
IEEE DOI 1809
Image segmentation, Motion segmentation, Task analysis, Training, Feature extraction, Image edge detection, Estimation, Blur, Defocus BibRef

Huang, X.[Xiang], He, K.[Kuan], Yoo, S.W.[Seungh-Wan], Cossairt, O.[Oliver], Katsaggelos, A.K.[Aggelos K.], Ferrier, N.J.[Nicola J.], Hereld, M.[Mark],
An Interior Point Method for Nonnegative Sparse Signal Reconstruction,
ICIP18(1193-1197)
IEEE DOI 1809
Convergence, Approximation algorithms, Image reconstruction, 3d volumetric image reconstruction BibRef

Yoo, S., Ruiz, P., Huang, X., He, K., Wang, X., Gdor, I., Selewa, A., Daddysman, M., Ferrier, N.J.[Nicola J.], Hereld, M.[Mark], Scherer, N., Cossairt, O., Katsaggelos, A.K.,
Bayesian Approach for Automatic Joint Parameter Estimation in 3D Image Reconstruction from Multi-Focus Microscope,
ICIP18(3583-3587)
IEEE DOI 1809
Image reconstruction, TV, Bayes methods, Microscopy, Solid modeling, total variation BibRef

Song, G., Lee, K.M.,
Depth Estimation Network for Dual Defocused Images with Different Depth-of-Field,
ICIP18(1563-1567)
IEEE DOI 1809
depth estimation, DFD, dual aperture, neural network BibRef

Kodama, K., Wang, Z., Sato, M., Murakami, T.,
Real-time 3-D image reconstruction from multi-focus images by efficient linear filtering with multi-dimensional symmetry,
ICIP17(3575-3579)
IEEE DOI 1803
Computational efficiency, Image recognition, Image reconstruction, Memory management, Microscopy, symmetry BibRef

Xu, G., Quan, Y., Ji, H.,
Estimating Defocus Blur via Rank of Local Patches,
ICCV17(5381-5389)
IEEE DOI 1802
edge detection, gradient methods, image resolution, image restoration, defocus blur estimation, Two dimensional displays BibRef